건축디자인 개념(Concept)의 설정과 스키마(Schema)의 관계에 관한 연구

송석현(Song Suk-Hyun) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.1

Because the Design is "ill-defined" problem, that cannot be described completely. and subjectively interpret depend on the situation, it is very difficult to present a theoretical standard. also, most of design process made by designer's individual thinking system. but the architectural design, must contain a designer's thinking and some characteristics by the theoretical knowledge process. For design embodiment, it is important to understand about effective experiential rules, namely 'Schema‘, and 'Design concept'. Design concept is designer's primary factor and target. Design concept is never change through the whole design process. and many necessary conditions. Schema include the settlement of problems as well as a new problem discovery in design process. The schema that formed by problems settlement and process repetitions for the best conclusion, not only play an important part in the designer's thinking system about a specific problem, but also appeared by distinctive features and included by designer's ideology. Consequently on this study, at the start, we establish the meaning of concept and schema. according to general understanding about design. then, according to understanding the designer's thinking, analysis the Establishment of the Architectural Design Concept and an Effect of the Schema.

Landscape design methodology as perceived through memory schema with user experience

Park Suji,Kim Hanbai,한소영,Kwon Yoonku 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2020 도시과학국제저널 Vol.24 No.2

This study examined interrelationships between memory schema incised into landscapes pursued by designers and user’s responses by using multiple case study methods. We selected three cases according to three dimensions of landscape design method related to memory schema to examine each concept thoroughly; (1) Vietnam Veterans Memorial in USA as a context design, (2) Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fountain in England as a transformation design and, (3) Sutton Place which is imaginary design of Geoffery Jellicoe as an imagination design. Seonyudo Park in Korea has been selected to review with all the aspects of three type of memory schema. Our findings highlight that memory schema as a landscape design metaphor has been emphasizing the five human senses and internal experiences. Memories could be transformed into various forms and meanings in landscapes according to designers’ intentions. Furthermore, when one’s recalled experience is expressed through landscape, which is expressed through a schema, and the user who uses the landscape correlates to the memory. This study suggests that landscape design with a memory schema can serve as a creative design medium that applies the positive effects of design experience to landscapes with humans.

Louis I. Kahn의 디자인 개념과 형태 요소에 따른 평면구성 SCHEMA에 관한 연구

송석현,차명열,김원갑 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.3

Design is a result from representation of visual language by designer's creative thinking and reasoning, and operated only in our internal organization system. Design as ill-defined problem cannot be described logically and perfectly. Depend on situation, design require subjective analysis. and It has the organization of What is Rank character. But because "Concept" is only considered in the designer's thinking system, shape vocabularies that actually can be used for expressions of design are extremely restricted. Sometimes design should start with changing situations, unclear requirements, subjective analysis. But design concept can control design thinking system from starts to productions. Design concepts are stored in our brains and retrieved as three major types such as elements, relationships and schema. One of these words, the schema that formed by problems settlement and process repetitions for the best conclusion, not only play an important part in the designer's thinking system about a specific problem but also appeared by distinctive features and included by connotations as like a designer's ideology. At this point. The purpose of this study is that analyze not only the formative expression but also modeling process of design elements in modern architectural design to establish a clear-system of "Design Operating System" and to show the "Characteristic of Plane Organization" by the he Architectural Design Elements and the Relationship through the Design of Louis I. Kahn. and Design knowledge as elements, relationships and schema have been explained to understand "Design System" operated in our brains. Upon these studies, design of Louis, I. Kahn have been analysed.

디자인 인공지능을 활용하기 위한 조형 언어 연구 -베이비 스키마 조형 언어를 중심으로-

황정석,조택연 한국공간디자인학회 2022 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.17 No.8

(Background and purpose of research) With the emergence of a new design system known as artificial intelligence (AI) design, various discussions and studies beyond creative applications are being actively conducted. This study aims to discuss correct AI-based design research through the automatic generation of shapes based on a baby schema for cuteness and linguistic definitions of shape elements. Focusing on the visual and formative characteristics of the baby schema, which expresses cuteness considering universal aesthetic factors, the precise meaning of formative language and correct formative design methods are explained. From the perspective of evolutionary aesthetics and neuroaesthetics, we therefore explore the relationship between the digital language of AI and the supernormal stimulation and peak-shift cuteness of spatial modeling elements, aiming to derive and quantify human modeling language as a digital language for AI. (Method) To study the visual form of baby schemas using a digital formative language, first, through research on baby schemas as universal aesthetics, the likability mechanism behind cuteness is defined from an evolutionary aesthetic viewpoint. Second, through prior neurological research, the close relationship between the aesthetic sense of sculpture and language is examined. Third, the possibility of transforming Babiskima’s reduced plastic language into the digital plastic language of artificial intelligence is confirmed. Fourth, the baby schema’s eight digital modeling elements were verified through AI modeling experiments. (Results) To reproduce the aesthetic sense of sculpture with AI, we attempted to reconstruct the linguistic structure and found there is a difference in perception between humans and AI in interpreting phenomena. We also found that for the correct presentation, we needed to use the reduced-structure aesthetic language that composes the baby schema. This is a reminder that not only AI but also designers themselves must exercise correct cognitive thinking. (Conclusion) Cuteness can be defined as a concept of supernormal stimulus because it is an essential mechanism for human survival, which we reduced to a language of form. Pretty shapes, textures, colors, and environments serve as supernormal stimuli for the cognitive mechanisms of our aesthetic intelligence. Then, through a defined formative language, AI can be used to structurally reproduce the form of cuteness as a grammar of cuteness. This study will hopefully serve to guide the correct use and imagination of formative language as a means of expressing designers’ aesthetic sense.

패키징디자인 스키마현상 실험과 그 활용모델

김득수 한국브랜드디자인학회 2015 브랜드디자인학연구 Vol.13 No.2

스키마(Schema)는 우리가 경험에 의하여 획득한 지식을 어떻게 일반화하여 사물과 상황을 인지하는데 활용하는가 알아보는 인지심리학의 한 연구 분야이다. 비주얼적으로 브랜드화 된 상품의 식별은 언어 즉 글자에 의지하지 않고 패키지의 시각적 이미지에 크게 의존한다. 브랜드 패키지 이미지의 단순화, 압축화, 일반화된 지식을 우리는 ‘패키징 스키마’라고 부를 수 있다. FMCG(Fast Moving Consumer Goods) 패키지에서 스키마 현상을 찾아보기 위하여, 스키마 차원에서 변환 또는 왜곡 가능한 유명 브랜드들의 가상 패키지 형상을 제작하고 그 표면에 원 브랜드의 그래픽을 올려 소비자의 인지 여부를 실험하였다. 이를 원본 브랜드의 인지율과 대조하여 스키마 현상을 추론 하였는데. 실험은 인지심리학에서 사용하는 이미지 순간노출 인지실험 도구인 Tachistoscope(T-scope) 기법을 컴퓨터에서 재현하여 실험하였다. 실험결과에 나타난 특기할만한 사실들로서는, 파우치 형태의 프링글스는 한 번도 시중에 나온 적이 없는 포장형태임에도 불구하고 프링글스로 인지되어서 스낵과 파우치 패키징 간의 강한 스키마 현상을 발견하였다. 반면에, 밀크팩 모양의 프링글스에서는 강한 반(反) 스키마 현상을 보였다. 삼각바 형태의 토블러론 쵸콜릿을 사각바 형태로 바꿔 제시한 실험물에서도 상당한 인식율을 보여 삼각, 사각과는 또 다른 형태 차원인 바(Bar)라고 하는 길이 효과가 브랜드 인지를 돕는 강한 스키마 현상으로 나타났다. 이 밖의 추가적인 실험결과에 나타난 FMCG 스키마 현상을 토대로 ‘쇼핑환경 패키징스키마 연합모델’, ‘스키마에 의한 감각메모리 선택 모델’ 그리고 ’패키징스키마 필터박스 모델‘ 등 디자인 리뉴얼, 리디자인 그리고 신제품 디자인 시 참고할 수 있는 모델들을 결론으로 제시했다. Schema is a tip of cognitive psychology that deals with how humans generalise information from experience and use it to recognise objects and situations. Through the package';s symbolic characteristics, leading the consumers to quickly scan the product will become an effective marketing and branding strategy. We visually distinguish packaged products largely depending on how it is packaged rather than through language, or words. At this time, the knowledge of the simplified, compressed and generalised package image within the consumer is packaging schema. Original FMCG(Fast Moving Consumer Goods) package design images are changed in the schema level and compared them with the original in an experiment. Through the experiment the schema effect is deduced from cognition ratio. This experiment was done using the T-scope experiment which is scientific instrument used by psychologistst that presents visual stimuli for brief exposures. As for a notable experiment results, Pringles pouch, despite never been released as a packaging type, was recognised as Pringles and showed strong schema effect which means chips are packaged in a pouch. However, milk pack shaped Pringles showed strong anti-schema effect. As for triangular prism shaped Toblerone, significant recognition rate was shown for rectangular prism shape; it appears that additional dimension of bar, the length effect, showed strong influence as a schema. Based on other additional FMCG products' schema effects, suggested 'Shopping Environment Packaging Schema Association Model', 'Sensory Memory Selection Model Following Schema', and 'Packaging Schema Filter Box Model’ It is expected that such models would contribute designers to consider when they do redesign, design renewal and new package design.

디자인 예술과 인지과학을 활용한 건축 디자인언어의 분석

송석현 한국실내디자인학회 2015 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.24 No.3

The target of design is a harmony between Beauty and Usefulness. Design is a result from representation of visual language by designer's creative thinking system. also, As an ill-defined problem cannot be described completely. and subjectively interpret depend on the situation, it is very difficult to present a theoretical standard. There have been many Design Sciences researches in recent years. such as Rule Based Design, Parametric Design, Replacement Design, Analogy Design, Metaphor Design, Genetic Algorithm. but Objective research is still unsatisfactory condition to investigate true nature about Design. At this point, It is very important to formulating about meaning of Design Language and Thinking. This study will define about that, and based on this definition, Lay out a logical basis for Treatment design variable and materialization of process by “Elements”, “Relationship”, “Schema”. ultimately it look forward to provide a framework and minimize the complexity about Design Thinking. 오늘날의 디자이너에게는 높은 직업적 능력과 문제 해결을 위한 지식뿐만 아니라 전문적인 기술과 다양한 책임이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 점차 디자이너의 사고와 그에 따른 결정에 대한 정당성을 부여할 수 있는 체계적이고도 합리적인 이론의 필요성은 더욱 절실해졌지만 여전히 많은 이론적 부분들은 디자이너의 내적 활동과 직관적 창조에만 의존하여 체계적으로 설명되지 못하고 있는 문제점들이 나타나고 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 디자인 언어(Design Language)에 대한 기본 의미와 디자인 사고의 본질을 정립하고 이를 ‘요소와 관계’ 개념에서 관련학문 및 이론을 바탕으로 논리적으로 규명하도록 한다. 또한 디자인 사고의 영역 안에서 발생하는 변수처리 및 구체화 과정을 schema와 사고 확장 측면에서 체계적으로 분석하여 제시함으로써 복잡성을 최소화 하고 디자이너로 하여금 다양한 디자인 언어(Design Language)를 활용할 수 있도록 기본 ‘틀’을 제시하는데 목적이 있다.

환경디자인과 인지생태론

김주미,Kim, Joo-Mi 한국조형예술학회 2008 조형예술학연구 Vol.13 No.-

Recently, there are getting popular form generation-related design methodologies and scientific discourses about the nature of nature in the environmental design. The necessity of visual perception and cognitive research is growing in this respect. Accordingly, this study was designed to discuss environmental design and cognition in the ecological perspective. This study was intended to study the structural factors of cognitive ecological space. This study focused on the systematic principle of new environmental design based on cognitive ecological approaches and what kinds of design effects this design principle has on the human being in the long nm. The results are as follows. First, the results suggests that fractal pattern should be an alternative to design cognitive ecological space and new paradigm of architecture is based on the nature of nature and human sensibility. Accordingly, they have proposed that fractal design is more empirical and environment-friendly than rational linear design. Second, this study classified the variables of cognitive ecological space into nature, tradition, preference judgement, aesthetic value, and schema. Accordingly, such features as symbol, tradition, and nature restricted by modernistic ideology should be added to new paradigm-based environmental design. Third, accordingly, this study stresses that cognitive ecological environmental design doesn't include buildings of modernism and deconstruction and is based on new science of complexity.

비분배적 계층구조 스키마의 분배적 계층구조 스키마로의 변환

오미화(Mi-Hwa Oh),최인수(In-Soo Choi) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2011 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.16 No.11

현 OLAP 체제에서는 모든 계층구조 스키마가 분배적으로 되는 경우에만 제대로 구현되며, 실세계에서 생길 수 있는 여러 비분배적 계층구조 스키마의 경우는 구현 불가능하다. 이전 연구에서는 집성에 있어서 현실적으로 발생 할 수 있는 모든 계층구조 스키마를 하나의 분배적 계층구조와 일곱 개의 비분배적 계층구조 스키마로 분류한 바있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 일곱 개의 비분배적 계층구조 스키마를 분배적 계층구조 스키마로 변환시키는 기법을 제안하고 있다. 우선적으로 복잡한 비분배적 계층구조 스키마를 더 단순한 계층구조 스키마로 분할시킨 다음, 이를 분배적 계층구조 스키마로 변환시키는 것이 이 기법의 특징이다. 따라서 이 기법은실세계에서 일어날 수 있는복잡한 계층구조 스키마를 현 OLAP 체제에서 구현 가능하게끔 해준다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법은 구현의 관점과 스키마 설계의 관점에서 볼 때에 유용한 방법이 되리라 생각한다. Online analytical processing (OLAP) architecture performs only well on the facts that are summarizable along each dimension, where all hierarchy schemas are distributive, and consequently many kinds of non-distributive hierarchy schemas arising in real-world situations are not addressed by current OLAP implementations. In previous work, we presented the classification of hierarchy schemas in aggregation, including one distributive and seven non-distributive hierarchy schemas. This paper presents a transforming approach of seven non-distributive hierarchy schemas into the distributive hierarchy schema. The first thing in the approach is cutting complex non-distributive hierarchy schemas into more simpler ones, and the next is the transformation of those simpler ones into the distributive hierarchy schema. This approach will let complex hierarchy schemas arising in real world situations be addressed by current OLAP implementations. It is thought that this approach will be useful one from an implementation and schema design point of view.

피터 아이젠만 건축의 스키마와 생성다이어그램

김두진,조용수 대한건축학회지회연합회 2008 대한건축학회지회연합회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.1

With the close relationship between the idea of Postmodernism and the development of architectural and digital technology, the contemporary architectural scene began to require a new design process. In this context, some contemporary architects called 'the digital architect' use computer algorism as a mode of thinking about architecture named 'digital design process' for making more complex and peculiar architectural form. In addition to such a general phenomenon of digital design process, we can find another meaning of it, the role of architect's schema, in point of that all of architectural design process must start from the architect's own consciousness. In other word, architect's schema has an important role not only in traditional architectural design process, but also in digital design process. Architectural schema in design process is a lump of conceptual idea constituted with transcendental elements, intuition, image, thinking, philosophy, theory, and etc. in architect's consciousness. Diagram is a kind of media, which transforms architectural schema to real architectural form. It is different from the existing definition of diagram, and acts as a generator reflecting the function of computer algorism and conceptual schema. Therefore, it can make various architectural forms along with the changing of architect's schema and application of computer algorism in design process. That is why we call it as 'the generative diagram'.

디자인 전략에 있어서 패밀리 룩 전략은 만능인가?

정승필(Jung, Seungpil),이성근(Yi, Seong Keun) 성신여자대학교 경영연구소 2011 경영관리연구 Vol.4 No.1

이 연구는 스키마의 (불)일치가 평가에 미치는 영향의 결과가 혼재되는 선행연구 결과에서 과연 자동차 산업에서의 디자인 전략과 브랜드 전략과의 스키마 (불)일치가 소비자 태도 평가에는 어떠한 영향을 미칠 것인가를 분석하는 것이다. 이전의 연구를 살펴보면 이전의 스키마, 범주와 완벽한 일치, 극도로 불일치하는 정보 보다는 적당한 불일치하는 정보가 더 평가에 호의적인 결과를 준다고 하였다. 이유는 완벽한 일치 또는 불일치는 인지적 정교화를 하지 않거나, 할 필요가 없다고 생각해서 평가에 호의적인 반응을 보이지 않지만, 적당한 불일치는 적당한 수준의 인지적 정교화 과정을 이끌기 때문에 호의적인 평가를 한다고 하였다. 이 연구는 디자인 전략과 브랜드 전략의 스키마 (불)일치에 따른 실험을 하기 위해서 2세트의 자동차를 만들어서 패밀리 룩이 있는가에 사전 조사를 하여 자동차를 선정하여 실험을 진행하였다. 전체적으로 디자인 전략과 브랜드 전략의 스키마 일치가 소비자의 태도 평가에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 것이라고 기대한 대로 결과 또한 일치할 때가 불일치 할 때 보다 더 호의적인 평가를 받았다. 그리고 (불)일치에 있어서 패밀리 룩이 존재하는 세트가 존재하지 않는 세트보다 더 호의적인 평가를 받았으며, 자동차의 크기에 따른 준중형, 중형, 대형에서도 호의적인 평가의 크기는 차이가 있었지만 동일한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. There were various preceding studies on the impact of the product information based on categorization theory and the existing consistency/inconsistency among schema on the consumers" information processing and evaluation(Aggarwal and Mcgill, 2007; Meylers-Levy and Sternthal, 1993; Meylers-Levy and Tybout, 1989; Susan, 1982; Fiske and Taylor, 1984; Fiske and Susan, 1982; Mandler, 1982). Until now, the study on evaluation of consistency/inconsistency of schema showed mixed results. As stated in preceding studies, the Schema theory was adopted to analyze the attitude and evaluation on the product according to the level of consistency/inconsistency of the information and consumers" cognitive structure. According to the Schema theory, consumers accept or deny the newly exposed information by their own schema, and perceive the object of the information. In this study, the preceding studies which show mixed results that appropriate level of inconsistency can lead to a more favorable evaluation, rather than extreme inconsistency or complete consistency argued by Meyers-Levy and Tybout(1989), along with Aggarwal and Mcgill(2007)"s study on the consistency was observed, due to various relationship between the inconsistency and consistency and evaluation of schema. During the cognitive categorization, it was approached with theoretical aspects of information processing procedure. Since it was considered that when consumers contacted an information which was consistent with companies" brand strategy and family-look design, the evaluation of cars will differ. The hypothesis that consumers will evaluate more positively on the consistency of companies’brand strategy and family-look design were set and tests were conducted. After testing consumers with mid-sized cars, the hypothesis that consumers will evaluate more positively on the consistency of companies’brand strategy and familylook design was proved, when the mobile industry introduced their new models. When conducting the same test on small-to-mid sized and large cars to generalize the tes results on mid-sized cars, the consumers" evaluation showed the same results, but there were quantitative differences in terms of preference according to the size of the car.