고구려 연화복합문 와당의 형식과 그 특성

金希燦(Kim Hee-Chan) 고구려발해학회 2006 고구려발해연구 Vol.23 No.-

I have observed the forms of Koguryo's roof-end tiles with the combination of lotus and other designs. I classified them into four groups according to me shapes of central design, composite designs, and a ovary. Central design of roof-end tiles with me combination of lotus and other designs is lotus bud. In central design, there's not much difference between these roof-end tiles and the earlier roof-end tiles with dividing lines. The contour of central design is the same form as me dividing line of earlier roof-end tiles. This contour has the shape of a lotus bud in which its upper pan is broad and its lower part is narrow. In contrast, those of earlier roof-end tiles have the shape of an apricot stone in which their upper parts are narrow and their lower part are broad. Therefore, boat type lotus flowers, I think, coincided with me appearance of this new contour. Composite designs of roof-end tiles with me combination of lotus and other designs have pistils or stamens (a pistil or stamen) on bam sides divided a rising line. The number of pistils and stamens on one side had been reduced from two to one, then they disappeared. The ovary take several forms: me form having one winding line around a domed ovary with a circle design, the form having one winding line around a domed ovary without a circle design, me form having several designs within a ovary. According to me forms of central design, composite designs, and ovary's shape, I classified the roof-end tiles with the combination of lotus and other designs into 4 groups. Type I has a ovary having one winding line around a domed ovary with a circle design, composite designs represented two pistils (or stamens) on both sides divided a rising line, and the contour around lotus bud. Type I appeared in the mid to later 5th century. Type Ⅱ has boat type lotus flowers, one winding Line around a domed ovary without a circle design. In case of lotus design roof-end tiles with dividing lines, it was in the mid 5th to early 6th centuries that winding lines around a domed ovary had been decreased from two lines to one line. Thus we could conclude that type II appeared in the same years. Type Ⅲ reflects changes of ovary shape. In this type, lotus pip design, radial design, etc. were represented within the ovary. As in lotus design roof-end tiles with dividing lines, I think, these changes occurred in the early-to-mid 6th century. After type Ⅲ, all designs vanished completely from a ovary. In case of lotus design roof-end tiles with dividing lines, these changes in form appeared in the mid to later 6th century. Thus we could think type Ⅳ-1 was in vogue in the same years. Then roof-end tiles with the combination of lotus and other designs vanished completely. It implied that the tradition of Koguryo were destroyed. I classified these changes into type Ⅳ-2. Therefore we could conclude that type Ⅳ-2 appeared in the 7th century.

A central composite design based fuzzy logic for optimization of drilling parameters on natural fiber reinforced composite

R. Vinayagamoorthy,I. V. Manoj,G. Narendra Kumar,I. Sai Chand,G. V. Sai Charan Kumar,K. Suneel Kumar 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.5

Machining of polymeric composite is inevitable during assembly of components. In view of making holes on structural composites, drilling is essential and a study to optimize the machining parameters is very important. The present study has been made to investigate the defaces and cutting forces associated during drilling of natural fiber reinforced plastics. Plastic composite has been manufactured using chemically treated vetiveria zizanioides as the reinforcement and polyester as the matrix. The composite has been drilled several times on the basis of central composite design. Speed and feed rate of the spindle, point angle and diameter of the tool are considered as the input parameters. Deface of each hole during entry and exit, thrust force and torque have been measured as the output parameters. A fuzzy model has been created and a comparative study between the central composite design and fuzzy model is made. The design has been optimized with the objective of minimizing the output parameters and a set of confirmatory experiments have been conducted. The central composite model has been validated by comparing it with the fuzzy model and confirmatory runs. The comparison presented only a minimal error and hence the modeling by central composite design and fuzzy are consummate.

비중심합성계획을 이용한 순차적 실험방법에 관한 연구

신병철 ( Byung-cheol Shin ),변재현 ( Jai-hyun Byun ),윤태홍 ( Tae Hong Yun ) 한국품질경영학회 2021 품질경영학회지 Vol.49 No.1

Purpose: A noncentral composite design method is to be developed to explore farther region for the first factorial design. A general guideline for sequential experimentation is provided. Methods: (1) A non-overlapping noncentral composite design (NNCD) is developed, in which the second factorial design shares one design point that indicates the best response value in the first factorial design. (2) Four composite designs are compared in terms of the four design evaluation criteria, which are D-, A, G, and I-optimality. (3) A follow-up design strategy is suggested based on the interaction effect, direction of improvement, number of factors. Results: (1) NNCD and model building method are presented, which is useful for exploring farther region from first factorial design block. (2) The performances of the four composite designs are compared. (3) A follow-up design strategy is suggested. Conclusion: (1) NNCD will be useful to explore farther region for the first factorial design. (2) A follow-up design strategy can be beneficial to the experimental practitioners for product and process design and improvement.

Medium Optimization for Chitinase Production from Trichoderma virens using Central Composite Design

Azaliza Safarida Wasli,Madihah Md. Salleh,Suraini Abd-Aziz,Osman Hassan,Nor Muhammad Mahadi 한국생물공학회 2009 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.14 No.6

Medium development for chitinase production by Trichoderma virens was first carried out using conventional method of one-factor-at-a-time. The medium was further optimized using Central Composite Design in which response surface was generated later from the derived model. An experimental design of four variables including various initial pH values, chitin, ammonium sulphate, and methanol concentrations were created using Design Expert ® Software, Version 6.0. The design consists of 30 experiments, which include 6 replicates at center points. The optimal value for each variable are 3.0 g/L, chitin; 0.1 g/L, ammonium sulphate; 0.4% (v/v), methanol; and initial pH, 4.0 with predicted chitinase activity of 0.1495 U/mL. These predicted parameters were tested in the laboratory and the final chitinase activity obtained was 0.1471 U/mL, which is almost reaching the predicted value. The optimal medium design showed an improvement of chitinase activity of 80.9% compared to activity obtained from the original Absidia medium composition. Medium development for chitinase production by Trichoderma virens was first carried out using conventional method of one-factor-at-a-time. The medium was further optimized using Central Composite Design in which response surface was generated later from the derived model. An experimental design of four variables including various initial pH values, chitin, ammonium sulphate, and methanol concentrations were created using Design Expert ® Software, Version 6.0. The design consists of 30 experiments, which include 6 replicates at center points. The optimal value for each variable are 3.0 g/L, chitin; 0.1 g/L, ammonium sulphate; 0.4% (v/v), methanol; and initial pH, 4.0 with predicted chitinase activity of 0.1495 U/mL. These predicted parameters were tested in the laboratory and the final chitinase activity obtained was 0.1471 U/mL, which is almost reaching the predicted value. The optimal medium design showed an improvement of chitinase activity of 80.9% compared to activity obtained from the original Absidia medium composition.

반응표면분석법을 이용한 식품제조프로세스의 최적화

심철호 ( Chol Ho Sim ) 한국산업식품공학회 2011 산업 식품공학 Vol.15 No.2

A review about the application of response surface methodology in the optimization of food technology is presented. The theoretical principles of response surface methodology and steps for its application are described. The response surface methodologies: three-level full factorial, central composite, Box-Behnken, and Doehlert designs are compared in terms of characteristics and efficiency. Furthermore, recent references of their uses in food technology are presented. A comparison between the response surface designs (three-level full factorial, central composite, Box-Behnken and Doehlert design) has demonstrated that the Box-Behnken and Doehlert designs are slightly more efficient than the central composite design but much more efficient than the three-level full factorial designs.

Extended Central Composite Designs with the Axial Points Indicated by Two Numbers

Kim, Hyuk-Joo 한국통계학회 2002 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.9 No.3

The central composite design is widely used for estimating second order response surfaces. This type of design is composed of $2^k$ factorial points, axial points and center points. In this paper, we suggest a version of central composite design where the positions of the axial points are indicated by two numbers, and study properties of this design. We obtain the variances and covariances of the estimators of the regression coefficients. Conditions are obtained for this design to be orthogonal and rotatable. This design is compared with other designs on the basis of efficiency.

MODIFIED SECOND ORDER SLOPE ROTATABLE DESIGNS USING BIBD

Victorbabu B. Re. The Korean Statistical Society 2006 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.35 No.2

In this paper, a new method of modified second order slope rotatable designs (SOSRD) using balanced incomplete block designs (BIBD) for $4{\le}v{\le}16$ is presented. In this method the number of design points required is in some cases less than the number required in Victorbabu (2305) modified slope rotatable central composite designs. Further, a new method of construction of three level modified SOSRD using BIBD is presented. The modified SOSRD can be viewed as SOSRD constructed with the technique of augmentation of second order rotatable design (SORD) using BIBD to SOSRD. These designs are useful in parts to estimate responses and slopes with spherical variance functions.

Plackett-Burman 설계, 최대경사법 및 중심합성설계를 이용한 키토산 분해효소 생산 향상

류화원 ( Hwa Won Ryu ),김희강 ( Hee Kang Kim ),위영중 ( Young Jung Wee ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2009 공학기술논문지 Vol.2 No.4

Three parameters affecting chitosanase production, including beef extract, corn steep liquor, and incubation period, were screened as the significant factors through Plackett-Burman design. The optimum levels of the screened parameters determined by the steepest ascent method and central composite design experiments were 9.0 g/l of beef extract, 3.2 g/l of corn steep liquor, and 43.2 h of incubation period. Under the optimized culture conditions, chitosanase activity was peaked to 77.476 ± 2.570 U/ml after 43.2 h of incubation. The statistically predicted chitosanase activity (77.365 U/ml) was nearly similar to the observed chitosanase activity, which indicated that the statistical model established in this study could be considered to have relatively high significance for chitosanase production by Bacillus sp. RKY3.

Central Composite Design과 Response Surface Method를 이용한 마이크로 엔드밀링의 가공조건 최적화에 관한 연구

조지현(Ji Hyun Cho),서태일(Tae Il Seo),김건희(Gun Hee Kim),손종인(Jong In Sohn) 한국생산제조학회 2011 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.4

Micro end-milling were applied for high-precision and high-efficient cutting processes along with rapid progress of mechanical and material industries. Generally, removal rate, depth of cut, spindle RPM and feedrate among cutting conditions of micro end-milling were often taken into account as important factors affecting machining quality, tool fracture, tool wear and so on. In this study axial depth of cut and radial depth of cut were taken into account as design factors among cutting conditions. Choosing width of machining errors as a criterion for machining quality, an approximate model was established by using Response Surface Design, a relationship between design factors and response values was realized and cutting conditions of micro end-milling processes were optimized by using a optimization program VisualDOC.

An investigation of adsorption parameters on ZVI-AC nanocomposite in the displacement of Se(IV) ions through CCD analysis

S. Suganya,P. Senthil Kumar 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.75 No.-

In this research, a 10 mm nanocomposite was built on the solid carbon used from brew squander with72.24% carbon (atomic %). On the surface of activated carbon, iron nanoparticles were stacked up to settlethe composite. The prepared composite was used to remove Se(IV) from wastewater. A four-factorialcentral composite design was anticipated, broke down through ANOVA for testing adsorption withoptimum operational conditions. Adsorption isotherm study for the present system produces 34.77 mg/gbinding capacity of 2.75 g/L nanocomposite to Se(IV) ions. The present system was exothermic,unconstrained, obeys both intra-particle and shrinking core diffusion models.