동물매개치료 프로그램이 소년범죄자의 정서조절과 자아존중감에 미치는 영향

조준혁,강원국,김옥진 한국소년정책학회 2020 少年保護硏究 Vol.33 No.1

This research is designed to give positive effects on juvenile convicts to assimilate to normal socialization and prevent maladjustment by implementing animal assisted therapy program. Juvenile convicts are vulnerable to show emotionally damaged self-esteem and tend to have instable emotion and unsound self-concept. This research is to study the effect of the animal assisted therapy program on emotional regulation and self-esteem for normal activity and rehabilitation to the society of such juvenile convicts. The experiment group was designed for those who have kept animals before or friendly acceptance of animals. The number of applicants were 6 and their average age was 17.6. The controlled group was assigned to be 6 juvenile convicts in the same reformatory who were not executable group of animal assisted therapy program and that made 12 study participants in total. This research is to study the effect of animal assisted therapy program on emotional regulation and self-esteem of juvenile convicts. The hypothesis was, firstly ‘the participants of animal assisted therapy program will show improvement on emotional control ability’. Secondly, ‘the participants of animal assisted therapy program will show improvement on self-esteem’. The research process of experiment group had begun with 1st interview and I and three assistants arranged meetings which took place twice a week, 16 times in total, and 45 minutes per each meeting. For the controlled group, we only proceeded the preliminary and post test whereas did not processed any other experiments. This research used the SPSS/WIN 19.0 program for the statistical treatment of collected data. Initially, we computed the internal consistency reliability value(Cronbach’s ɑ) of the inquiries to verify the reliability of emotional control ability index and self-esteem index. Also, we computed the standard deviation(SD) and mean(M) of preliminary and post test for the descriptive statistic of the experiment group and controlled group. To add to this, we processed non-parametric statistical method of Wilcoxon sum-rank test(Mann-Whitney Test) to verify the equivalence of the experiment group and the controlled group. Lastly, due to an only limited number of the experiment group and the controlled group which lead to incongruity to follow the normal distribution, we executed non- parametric statistical method of Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test. As a result of this research, animal assisted therapy program has significant effects on emotional regulation and self-esteem of juvenile convicts. Firstly, emotional control ability of the experiment group has increased from 171.83 (±.8.89) before the animal assisted itherapy program to 217.67(±.13.09) whileas that of the controlled group has increased a little from 173.50(±20.28) before the animal assisted therapy program to 174.50(±26.31). As a result of analyzing the difference between emotional control ability of the experiment group and that of the controlled group, the experiment group showed a significant increase in emotional control ability comparing to the controlled group and the statistical measure is to be =-2.20, p<.05. The subelement of self-awareness, self-expression, emotion control, impulse control, utilization of emotion, emotion awareness and consideration of others, and personal relation all showed positive changes. Secondly, analyzing the change in self-esteem of the experiment group, the experiment group has increased from 163.83(±19.15) before the animal assisted therapy program to 205.67(±21.57). The controlled group has shown a little increase from 167.67(±47.71) before the animal assisted therapy program to 169.50(±27.75). As a result of analyzing the difference between self-esteem of the experiment group and the controlled group, the experiment group showed a significant increase in self-esteem comparing to the controlled group, and the statistical measure is to be z =-2.20, p<.05....

해외 동물매개중재 연구에 대한 고찰(총설)

천시내,전중환 강원대학교 동물생명과학연구소 2022 동물자원연구 Vol.33 No.2

There is a growing interest in animal-assisted intervention (AAI) all over the world. AAI is an umbrella term describing various forms of human-animal teams in formal human service, such as animal-assisted activity (AAA), animal-assisted therapy (AAT), and animal-assisted education (AAE). Animals commonly used as partners in AAI are dogs, cats, horses, guinea pigs, farm animals, and dolphins. Research on various topics within the field of AAI has experienced rapid growth over the past decade, but AAI approaches are still struggling to establish credibility as a complementary therapy method for a range of medical and psychological conditions. The aim of this review is to scrutinize the research literature related to AAI. Most studies have shown that AAI can have multiple outcomes, including social, psychological, and physical ones, in a wide range of settings. However, studies have not yet examined whether these effects carry over into other contexts. Moreover, study samples have tended to be small, non-representative, heterogeneous, and conducted without control groups. Further research is, thus, necessary to explore the sustainability and long-term benefits of AAI in a variety of settings and for different populations. Also, there is a need for specific guidelines for the welfare of therapy animals, as well as possible directions for standardized professional competencies. 최근 전 세계적으로 동물매개중재(animal-assisted intervention: AAI) 분야에 대한 관심과 수요가 증가하고 있다. AAI는 목적과 전문가 개입 여부 등에 따라 동물매개활동(animal-assisted activity: AAA), 동물매개치료(animal- assisted therapy: AAT), 동물매개교육(animal-assisted education: AAE)으로 구분된다. 지난 20년간 동물매개중재의 대상과 환경, 동물 등에 따른 AAI의 치료적 가치를 알아내기 위한 다양한 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 국내에서는 일부 대학과 민간 기관에서 AAI 관련 프로그램들을 운영하고 있지만, 활성화되지 못하고 있으며 관련한 전문 용어들이 혼용되고 있는 등 많은 문제들이 제기되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 해외의 AAI 관련 연구에 대해 조사, 분석하여 국내의 AAI에 대한 연구방향 설정 및 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 그리고 연구 결과들을 종합해본 결과, AAI가 심리적, 사회적, 인지적, 신체적 장애가 있는 사람들의 삶의 질을 개선하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 대부분의 연구에서 AAI 분야의 치료적 가치에 대한 잠재력을 높이 평가하고 있다. 그러나 최근 AAI와 관련한 용어들이 공식적으로 정의되고 유형별로 구분되어 있음에도 불구하고 여전히 혼동되어 사용되고 있다. AAA과 AAT는 어느 정도 구분되어 사용되고 있으나, AAE의 경우 아직 교육 환경이라는 좁은 범위에서 이루어지고 있는 AAA으로 볼 수 있으며, 때때로 AAT와 연결된다. 즉, AAI는 유형별로 구분하여 나누어지고 있지만 결국 AAI라고 할 수 있다. 한편, 연구의 대부분이 단기적인 결과만을 측정하고 있으며 표본 선택과 크기, 절차와 도구 등이 매우 다양하여 AAI의 가치를 과학적으로 평가하고 이해하는데 어려움이 따르고 있다. 따라서 AAI의 효과에 대한 보다 과학적이고 수치화된 평가를 위해서는 이론적 모델에 기초하여 보다 구체적이고 엄격한 연구가 필요하며, 다른 분야 간의 학문적 협력이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 그리고 무엇보다도 치유도우미동물의 신체적·정서적 상태가 AAI의 효과에 영향을 미칠 수 있고 동물복지와도 밀접한 관계가 있으므로 치유도우미동물의 관리와 복지에 대한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

정신장애를 위한 동물-매개 중재 : 체계적 고찰

신치환(Shin, Chihwan) 한국정신보건작업치료학회 2021 한국정신보건작업치료학회지 Vol.8 No.2

목적 : 다양한 증상을 포함하고 있는 정신장애 대상으로 한 동물-매개 중재(Animal-Assisted Intervention; AAI)에 대하여 연구대상자 특성, 평가도구, 중재, 결과를 체계적으로 고찰하여 근거와 지식을 통합하고 국내 연구의 활성화를 도모하는 것이다. 연구방법 : PRISMA guideline을 토대로 2021년 6월 21일부터 2021년 7월 5일까지 문헌 검색이 진행되었고, 해외 검색어는 ‘Mental disorder’, ‘Animal-Assisted therapy’에 따른 MeSH(Medical Subjects Headings) 용어를 중심으로 사용되었고 데이터 베이스는 Pubmed, PsycINFO, EBSCO를 사용하였다. 국내 검색어는 ‘정신질환’ 또는 ‘정신장애’그리고 ‘동물매개치료’가 사용되었고, 데이터베이스는 학술연구정보서비스(Research Information Sharing Service;RISS)가 사용되었다. 결과 : 총 28편이 최종 선정되었고, 동물-매개 중재의 용어는 Animal-assisted intervention, Animal-assisted activity와 Animal-assisted therapy 등 다양하게 사용되었다. 평가도구는 기능 및 작업을 위한 평가가 가장 많이 사용되었고, 개를 통한 연구가 19편으로 가장 많이 나타났다. 결론 : 동물-매개 중재는 정신장애의 다양한 문제점에 긍정적인 효과가 있으며, 본 연구는 국내 실정에 맞는 동물-매개 중재를 위한 적극적인 시도를 위해 근거와 지식을 통합하고 국내 연구의 활성화를 위해 정보를 제공하는 것에 의의가 있다. Objective : For Animal-Assisted Intervention (AAI) for mental disorder with various symptoms, systematic review of subject characteristics, evaluation tools, interventions, and results to integrate evidence and knowledge and To promote research. Methods : Based on the PRISMA guideline, the literature search was conducted from June 21, 2021 to July 5, 2021, and the overseas search terms were Medical Subjects Headings (MeSH) terms according to ‘Mental disorder’ and ‘Animal-Assisted therapy’ was mainly used, and the databases Pubmed, PsycINFO, and EBSCO were used. The domestic search terms ‘정신질환’ OR ‘정신장애’ AND ‘동물매개치료’ were used, and the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) was used for the database. Results : A total of 28 articles were finally selected, and the terms of animal-assisted intervention were used in various ways, such as Animal-assisted intervention, Animal-assisted activity, and Animal-assisted therapy. As for the evaluation tool, the evaluation for function and occupation was used the most, and the number of studies using dogs was 19. Conclusion : Animal-Assisted interventions have a positive effect on a variety of problems in people with mental disorder. This study is meaningful in that it integrates evidence and knowledge for an active attempt for animal-assisted intervention suitable for domestic conditions and provides information for revitalization of domestic research.

Systemic literature review on the animal assisted intervention

Okjin Kim,Sunhwa Hong,Hyun-A Lee,Yung-Ho Chung,Si-Jong Lee 한국동물매개심리치료학회 2015 한국동물매개심리치료학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Animal Assisted Intervention (AAI) is a goal oriented intervention that intentionally includes or incorporates animals in health, education and human service for the purpose of therapeutic gains in humans. Animal assisted interventions incorporate human-animal teams in formal human service such as Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) or Animal Assisted Education (AAE). Animal Assisted Activity (AAA) is the informal AAI often conducted on a volunteer basis by the human-animal team for motivational, educational and recreational purposes. AAI could be used for rehabilitation therapy and psychotherapy for patients with various symptoms. AAI uses animals, mostly dogs, to aid in healing patients holistically. Dogs have an overwhelming gratitude and exuberance for life and this effect on people is astounding. Furthermore, AAI has been researched and its effectiveness on patients' outcomes and healing is documented. With a soaring trend of the incorporation of complementary therapies into the mainstream of therapy and health care, animal-facilitated therapy has become a popular interest for the therapy team to integrate into a patient's plan of therapy. The purpose of this manuscript is to raise awareness about AAI and to familiarize readers with the concepts surrounding AAI so that they can be informed aids to clients who might benefit from the technique.

집단동물매개치료 프로그램이 치매노인의 인지기능과 우울 및 삶의 질에 미치는 효과

이시종,김옥진 (사)한국예술치료학회 2020 한국예술치료학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of group animal-assisted therapy programs for the elderly with dementia on improving of cognitive function, reducing depression, and improving quality of life. The subjects of this study were 12 elderly with dementia. 6 elderly were assigned to the experimental group and the control group each. Animal-assisted therapy programs were performed for a total of 11 sessions of 60 minutes twice a week in the experimental group, while the control group received no treatment. The pre- and post-test was conducted using MMSE-K, SGDS-K and GQOL-D for the elderly with dementia. For data analysis, Nonparametric tests, such as the MannWhitney U Test and the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test, were performed to verify homogeneity and effectiveness between the two groups by using SPSS 21.0 statistical program. The results are as follows. First, group animal-assisted therapy programs have significant effects on attention and concentration, calculation and language function among the subfactors of MMSE-K, which measures the cognitive function of the elderly with dementia. Second, a group animal-assisted therapy program has an effect on the depression of the elderly with dementia. Third, a group animal-assisted therapy program affects the improvement of quality of life of the elderly with dementia. These study results discovered that group animal-assisted therapy programs have an impact on the improvement of cognitive function, a reduction of depression, and improvement of quality of life on the elderly with dementia. The study is also meaningful in that it provides basic data for animal-assisted intervention program that is helpful in the clinical field of the elderly with dementia. 본 연구의 목적은 집단동물매개치료 프로그램이 치매노인의 인지기능과 우울 및 삶의 질에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 연구대상은 경기도 K노인전문병원에 입원 중인 치매노인 12명을 실험집단과 통제집단에 6명씩 배치하고, 실험집단에는 주 2회 60분씩 총 11회기 동물매개치료를 실시하였고, 통제집단에는 아무런 처치를 하지 않았다. 연구도구는 한국판 간이정신상태(MMSE-K)와 단축형 노인우울척도(SGDS-K), 치매노인 삶의 질 척도(GQOL-D)를 사용하여 사전-사후검사를 진행하였다. 자료 분석은 두 집단 간 동질성과 효과성 검증을 위해 SPSS 21.0 통계 프로그램을 활용하여 비모수 검정인 맨-휘트니 U 검정과 윌콕슨 부호 순위 검정을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 집단동물매개치료 프로그램은 치매노인의 인지기능을 측정한 MMSE-K의 하위요인 중 주의집중 및 계산과 언어기능에서 유의미한 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 집단동물매개치료 프로그램은 치매노인의 우울에 유의미한 효과가 있었다. 셋째, 집단동물매개치료 프로그램은 치매노인의 삶의 질에 유의미한 효과가 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 통하여 집단동물매개치료 프로그램이 치매노인의 인지기능에 긍정적인 영향을 주고, 우울 감소 및 삶의 질 향상에 효과가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 치매노인의 임상현장에 도움이 되는 동물매개중재 프로그램의 기초자료를 제공하였다는 점에 의의가 있다.

The effect of animal-assisted therapy using therapy dogs on children’s self-esteem

Yunseok Jang,Juncheol LEE,Won-Guk Kang,Okjin Kim 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

In this study, we sought to investigate how Animal-assisted Therapy affects children"s self-esteem. The subjects of the study were 20 children in the lower grades of elementary school in I city, and 10 control groups of 10 experimental groups were selected. The program conducted Animal-assisted Therapy program once a week for 50 minutes for 12 sessions from September 1st to November 17th, 2019. SPSS 20.0 was used to verify the effect, and self-esteem calm scale measurements were performed on the experimental and control groups before and after the analysis. As a result, there was a meaningful difference between the whole self-esteem of the experimental group and the family and academic. Therefore, in this study, it was confirmed that Animal-assisted Therapy using therapy dog had a positive effect on the self-esteem of children. Acknowledgement: This paper was supported by Rural Development Administration in 2020, Agenda Research Project(PJ01475901) - Study on the mechanism of animal assisted therapy in human animal bond.

A case study of animal-assisted therapy on children with autism disorder: Language enhancements and social interaction

Eun-gyeom Jung,이동빈 한국예방수의학회 2022 예방수의학회지 Vol.46 No.4

This study aimed to determine if animal-assisted therapy could enhance language and social interactions in autistic children. It is a single case study of a 6.7-year-old child diagnosed with second-rate autism disorder with a program of twelve sessions in total, a session per week, and fifty minutes per session. The program was constructed to increase the frequency of using words and to improve interpersonal relationships through contact with peers or strangers. To do this, SCAR and E-CLAC scales went through a pretest and posttest and the changes in main behaviors observed during the twelves sessions were analyzed, obtaining the following results: First, the animal-assisted therapy program allowed the autistic child to use daily words about twice more frequently than usual. Second, the animal-assisted therapy program was effective in allowing the autistic child to improve social interactions with peers or strangers around the dog. Therefore, the animal-assisted therapy program was effective in helping the autistic child enhance language and social interactions.

치료도우미동물 복지를 위한 고찰 및 가이드라인 제안 - 2015년 기준

강원국,김다슬,서성원,권혜영,이유진,홍선화,김정연,이형석,김옥진 한국동물매개심리치료학회 2015 한국동물매개심리치료학회지 Vol.4 No.2

In this article, we reviewed how the therapy animals for animal assisted intervention (AAI) could be treated ethically in the aspects of animal welfare. Our goal is to reexamine the animal-human partnership from the animal's viewpoint to see what the benefits might be for the animal, or to see if the raising, training, and deployment of assistance and therapy animals is causing significant degradation in animal welfare. Also, we want to make an impression for AAI therapists to examine their ethical responsibility for the welfare of their therapeutic assisting animals. Animal assisted psychotherapist must respect the integrity of the animals and recognize that their rights and safety are safeguarded. In this article, we intend to provide recent advanced knowledge on the animal welfare and ethical reference in the filed of animal-assisted intervention.

심리운동 분야에서의 동물매개치료 활용 가능성에 관한 고찰 : 장애아동 교육을 중심으로

김경민 한독심리운동학회 2018 심리운동연구 Vol.4 No.1

Animal-assisted therapy has been shown to have a positive impact on the emotional stability, sociality, and recovery of physical functioning of children with disabilities through various studies. The purpose of the psychomotorik is to pursue holistic development through the spontaneous physical activity of the child in a natural environment. For children with disabilities who lack motivation for physical activity, animals have the advantage that they can be used as a prompter or a medium to motivate and encourage participation. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the possibility of applying animal-assisted therapy to enhance the effectiveness of education for children with disabilities in the field of psychomotorik. For this purpose, we analyzed the similarities and differences between psychomotorik and animal-assisted therapy, and discussed the advantages and considerations of animal-assisted therapy that can be used in psychomotorik. Based on the results, we discussed the possibility of using animal-assisted therapy in psychomotorik field. 동물매개치료는 여러 연구들을 통해 장애아동의 정서적 안정, 사회성 증진 및 신체기능 회복에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것이 입증되었다. 심리운동의 목적은 자연스러운 환경 속에서 아동의 자발적인 신체활동을 통해 전인적 발달을 추구하는 것이다. 신체활동에 대한 동기가 부족한 장애아동들에게 동물은 움직임에 대한 동기를 부여하고 참여를 촉진하는 매개로 활용할 수 있다는 장점을 지닌다. 따라서 본 논문은 심리운동 분야에서 장애아동 교육의 효과를 증진시키기 위해 동물매개치료의활용 가능성을 탐색하고자 하는데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 심리운동과 동물매개치료의 공통점과차이점 분석하고 심리운동 분야에서 활용 가능한 동물매개치료의 장점, 고려해야 할 사항들을 문헌을 통해 고찰하였다. 그리고 그 결과를 바탕으로 심리운동 분야에서 동물매개치료 활용의 발전가능성을 논하였다.

동물매개치료의 사회복지실천에의 적용 가능성 - 국내 프로그램 연구동향을 중심으로 -

백승희 ( Seunghee Paik ),최승희 ( Seunghee Choi ) 한국사회복지슈퍼비전학회 2020 슈퍼비전과 실천연구 Vol.5 No.-

본 연구는 1998년부터 2019년까지의 국내 프로그램 연구동향의 분석을 기반으로 동물매개활동 및 치료의 프로그램의 특성과 보완점을 제시하면서 사회복지실천에의 적용가능성을 검토하였다. 연구동향 분석의 연구문제는 1) 동물매개활동 및 치료프로그램 연구의 내용은 어떠한가? 2) 동물매개활동 및 치료프로그램 연구동향은 인구사회학적 변화와 어떠한 연관성을 갖는가?이다. 이를 위하여 1998년부터 2019년까지 총 75편의 논문을 분석하였으며 선행연구고찰을 통하여 연구동향 분석틀에 의거하여 내용분석을 실시하였다. 주요내용분석을 근거로 사회복지실천에의 적용가능성의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 동물매개활동과 치료의 대상자와 치료목표는 사회복지실천분야와 매우 밀접하며, 장애의 출현율, 심리적 문제, 사회인구학적 변화 등의 추이가 반영되는 점 등도 사회복지실천 현장의 특성과 맥을 같이 한다. 이는 다학문적(multidisciplinary), 다학제적(interdisciplinary), 통합적(holistic) 분야인 동물매개치료의 특성과 사회복지학문의 특성이 잘 반영된 것이라고 할 수 있다. 대상과 치료목표들이 유사하기 때문에 공동의 치료목표를 향해서 co-work을 하거나 프로그램의 효과를 높이기 위하여 부분적으로 활용한다면 치료적 효과를 제고하는 데에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 둘째, 동물매개활동 및 치료가 2013년 이후부터 문제 중심 보다는 예방중심의 활동이 이루어졌다. 특히 비장애 초등학생과 중학생의 성장과 발달을 위한 연구가 14편이나 수행되었다는 점을 고려할 때, 유연하면서 다소 용이한 동물매개활동과 교육을 사회복지분야의 예방적 차원의 프로그램에도 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 한편 동물매개치료는 대상자의 변화를 목표로 하여 프로그램을 계획·실행하고 그 임상적 효과를 측정하여야 하므로 프로그램연구들이 타 학문에 비해서 상대적으로 많은 비중을 차지한다. 그럼에도 불구하고 회기별로 활동방법과 활동목표가 어떻게 연계되고, 설명되는지에 대한 이론이 제시되지 않은 논문들이 대다수이다. 동물매개활동과 치료의 연구에서 절대로 간과해서는 안 될 점이며, 향후 동물매개치료가 좀 더 심화된 연구나 활동분야로 발전하고 인정받기 위해 임상적 프로그램을 위한 슈퍼비전에 대한 강화와 프로그램이론에 대한 제시는 개선되어야 할 점이다. Based on the analysis of domestic program research trends from 1998 to 2019, this study examined the applicability of the program to social welfare practice, presenting the characteristics and completeness of the program of Animal-Assisted Activities(AAA) and Animal-Assisted Therapy(AAT). First, the subjects and the goal of AAA and AAT are very close to the field of social welfare practice, and the fact that the emergence rate of disability, psychological problem, and social demographic changes are reflected is also in line with the characteristics of the social welfare practice site. This can be said to reflect the characteristics of AAT and social welfare studies in the fields of multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and holistic. Because targets and treatment objectives are similar, co-work towards common treatment objectives or partial use to enhance the effectiveness of the program could contribute to enhancing the therapeutic effect. Second, AAA and AAT have been more preventative than problem-oriented since 2013. In particular, 14 studies have been conducted for the growth and development of non-disabled elementary and middle school students, including health-promoting prevention,” the European Society for Animal Assisted Therapy(ESAAT) said. On the other hand, because animal therapy requires planning, carrying out, and measuring the clinical effects of the program aimed at changing the subject, program studies account for a relatively large proportion of other studies. Nevertheless, there is no theory of how activities and goals are linked and explained in each session that should never be overlooked in the study of animal activities and treatment, and that animal treatments should be further improved in order to develop and be recognized in a more advanced field of research or activity in the future.