퇴비화 공정의 1차 발효단계에서 질소성 물질의 거동 평가

정연구,김진수,Jeong, Yeon-Koo,Kim, Jin-Soo 유기성자원학회 2000 유기물자원화 Vol.8 No.3

음식쓰레기, 슬러지 등과 같이 C/N비가 낮은 폐기물을 호기성으로 퇴비화하는 경우 질소 성분이 많이 손실될 수 있으며, 이는 비료성분의 손실, 악취를 비롯한 환경오염 발생 등을 유발할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 퇴비화 공정에서 질소성 물질의 보존방법을 도출하기 위한 기초 연구로 음식쓰레기를 실험실 규모로 퇴비화하면서 일반적인 호기성 퇴비화 공정에서 일어나는 질소의 거동을 분석하였다. 음식쓰레기는 종이나 나무조각과 혼합하여 퇴비화하였으며, 질소성 물질의 거동을 평가하기 위해 퇴비시료에 포함된 암모니아, 산화성 질소, 유기성 질소를 측정하였다. 배가스로 손실되는 질소도 황산으로 흡수시켜 정량하였다. 퇴비화 반응의 활성화 여부가 유기성 질소의 무기화에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 활성이 좋은 퇴비를 식종한 경우 반응 초기부터 유기성 질소의 무기화가 활발히 진행되어 많은 양의 질소가 손실된 반면 초기의 낮은 pH 기간이 길어지면 유기성 질소의 분해가 지연되는 것으로 나타났다. 암모니아 손실량은 주입된 공기량의 영향이 큰 것으로 판단되며, 암모니아 손실이 증가하면 퇴비의 암모니아 함량이 크게 감소하였다. 질소에 대한 물질수지 분석을 통하여 초기 질소의 28~38%가 암모니아로 전환되었으며, 전환된 암모니아의 77~94%가 가스로 손실된 것으로 나타났다. Composting of N-rich wastes such as food waste and wastewater sludges can be associated loss of with substantial gaseous N, which means loss of an essential plant nutrient but may also lead to environmental pollution. We investigated the behavior of nitrogenous materials during the first high-rate phase in composting of food waste. Air dried food waste was mixed with shredded waste paper or wood chip and reacted in a bench scale composting reactor. Samples were analyzed for pH, ammonia, oxidized nitrogen and organic nitrogen. The volatilized ammonia nitrogen was also analyzed using sulfuric acid as an absorbent solution. Initial progress of composting reaction greatly influenced the ammonification of organic nitrogen. A well-balanced composting reaction with an addition of active compost as an inoculum resulted in the promoted mineralization of organic nitrogen and volatilization of ammonia. The prolongation of initial low pH period delayed the production of ammonia. It was also found that nitrogen loss was highly dependent on the air flow supplied. With an increase in input air flow, the loss of nitrogen as an ammonia also increased, resulted in substantial reduction of ammonia content in compost. The conversion ratio of initial nitrogen into ammonia was in the range of 28 to 38% and about 77~94% of the ammonia produced was escaped as a gas. Material balance on the nitrogenous materials was demonstrated to provide an information of importance on the behavior of nitrogen in composting reaction.

Ammonia Nitrogen Removal and Recovery from Swine Wastewater by Microwave Radiation

Joohee La,Tae Young Kim,Jae Kyung Jang,In Seop Chang 대한환경공학회 2014 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.19 No.4

Microwave (MW) radiation was developed to remove and recover ammonia nitrogen in the real swine wastewater. The effect of operating parameters of MW radiation such as initial pH, power, radiation time, aeration, and stirring for removal ammonia nitrogen in swine wastewater was determined. The pH, radiation time, and power were significantly influenced on the removal of ammonia nitrogen, and aeration and stirring showed relatively minor effect on the removal of ammonia nitrogen. Optimum condition was achieved to retrieve the nitrogen efficiently at pH 11, 700 W for 5 min in MW radiation process. Through this process, 83.1% of ammonia nitrogen concentration was reduced in swine wastewater and also 82.6% of ammonia nitrogen was recovered as ammonium sulfate at the optimized condition. The high ammonia removal and recovery efficiency of the MW radiation method indicated that MW radiation was an effective technique to remove and recover ammonia nitrogen in the swine wastewater.

Removal of ammonia nitrogen from wastewater by three-dimensional electrode system based on solid waste containing iron

Wenyu Yang,Demin Li,Jing Zhang,Zhaoyang Wang 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.6

In order to solve the problem of ammonia nitrogen pollution, three-dimensional electrode electrochemical oxidation technology is utilized to transform ammonia nitrogen. The influence of influent pH, power supply and electrolyte concentration on ammonia nitrogen removal by three-dimensional electrode method and its mechanism were discussed by single factor variable analysis. The particle electrode by emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen by three-dimensional electrode is higher than that by two-dimensional electrode. When the aqueous solution is neutral, the direct and indirect oxidation reactions of ammonia nitrogen can reach the best state, and the removal efficiency is the highest. Within a certain range, the electrolytic efficiency will increase with the increase of electrolytic voltage and electrolyte concentration. The reduction of electrode spacing in a certain range can enhance the direct oxidation of ammonia nitrogen and improve the electrolysis efficiency of ammonia nitrogen. Under the conditions of pH 7, power supply voltage 14 V, electrolyte concentration 0.1 mol/L, electrode spacing 1 cm, electrolytic time 50 min, ammonia nitrogen can be completely removed from the three-dimensional electrode

퇴비화 공정의 1차 발효단체에서 질소성 물질의 거동 평가

정연구(Yeon-Koo Jeong),김진수(Jin-Soo Kim) 유기성자원학회 2000 유기물자원화 Vol.8 No.3

음식쓰레기,슬러지 등과 같이 C/N비가 낮은 폐기 물을 호기성으로 퇴비화하는 경우 질소 성분이 많이 손실될수 있으며, 이는 비료성분의 손실,악취를 비 롯한 환경오염 발생 등을 유발할 수 있다 본 연구에서는 퇴비화 공정에서 질소성 물질의 보존방법을 도출하기 위한 기초 연구로 음식쓰레기를 실험실 규모로 퇴비화하면서 일반적인 호기성 퇴비화 공정에서 일어나는 질소의 거동을 분석하였다. 음식쓰레기는 종이나 나무조각과 혼합하여 퇴비화하였으며, 질소성 물질의 거동을 평가하기 위해 퇴비시료에 포함된 암모니아, 산화성 질소, 유기성 질소를 측정하였다. 배가스로 손실되는 질소도 황산으로 흡수시켜 정량하였다. 퇴비화 반응의 활성화 여부가 유기성 질소의 무기화에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 활성이 좋은 퇴비를 식종한 경우 반응 초기부터 유기성 질소의 무기화가 활발히 진행되어 많은 양의 질소가 손실된 반면 초기의 낮은 pH 기간이 길어지면 유기성 질소의 분해가 지연되는 것으로 나타났다. 암모니아 손실량은 주입된 공기량의 영향이 큰 것으로 판단되며, 암모니아 손실이 증가하면 퇴비의 암모니아 함량이 크게 감소하였다. 질소에 대한 물질수지 분석을 통하여 초기 질소의 28~38%가 암모니아로 전환되었으며 전환된 암모니아의 77~94%가 가스로 손실된것으로나타났다. Composting of N-rich wastes such as food waste and wastewater sludges can be associated loss of with subsrancial gaseous N, which means loss of an essential plant nutrient but may also lead to environmental pollution. We investigated the behavior of nitrogenous materials during the fìrst high-rate phase in composting of food waste. Air dried food waste was mixed with shredded waste paper or wood chip and reacted in a bench scale composcing reactor. Samples were analyzed for pH, ammonia, OJcidized nitrogen and organic nitrogen. The volatilized ammonia nitrogen was also analyzed using sulfuric acid as an absorbent solucion. Initial progress of composting reaccion greatly influenced the ammonifìcation of organic nitrogen. A well-balanced composting reaction with an addition of active compost as an inoculum resulted in the promoted mineralization of organic nitrogen and volatilization of ammonia. The prolongation of initiallow pH period delayed the production of ammonia. It was also found that nitrogen loss was highly dependent on the air flow supplied. With an increase in input air flow, the loss of nitrogen as an ammonia also increased, resulted in substantial reduction of ammonia content in compost. The conversion ratio of initial nitrogen into ammonia was in the range of28 to 38% and about 77 ~94%of the ammonia produced was escaped as a gas. Material balance on the nitrogenous materials was demonstrated to provide an information of importance on the behavior of nitrogen in composting reaction.

Oxidation of Hydrogen sulfide, Ammonia nitrogen and Nitrite nitrogen by Bacillus sp. Isolated from West Coast of Korea

Hong-Kook KIM(김홍국),Geun-Seop KIM(김근섭),Chae-Rin PARK(박채린),Byeong-Soo KIM(김병수) 한국수산해양교육학회 2020 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.32 No.4

In the aquaculture industry, the biological treatment using probiotics for eliminating hydrogen sulfide, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is receiving attention. In this study, Bacillus sp. TO-3, Bacillus sp. TO-10 and Bacillus sp. TO-12 were isolated from the west coast of Korea and oxidation ability of hydrogen sulfide, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were analyzed. Bacillus sp. TO-10 had high oxidation toward hydrogen sulfide by oxidizing 100% and Bacillus sp. TO-3 and TO-12 each had hydrogen sulfide oxidation of 49.53% and 69.03%. Bacillus sp. TO-10 and Bacillus sp. TO-12 had ammonia nitrogen oxidation approximately of 32.7 mg/L, while Bacillus sp. TO-3 had 11.4 mg/L of ammonia nitrogen oxidation. Bacillus sp. TO-3, Bacillus sp. TO-10 and Bacillus sp. TO-12 all had high oxidation toward nitrite nitrogen by oxidizing 100% of 137.46 mg/L nitrite nitrogen. Therefore, Bacillus sp. TO-3, Bacillus sp. TO-10 and Bacillus sp. TO-12 are possible probiotics used as water quality improvement of eliminating hydrogen sulfide, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen.

Effects of acclimation and pH on ammonia inhibition for mesophilic methanogenic microflora

Park, Jong-Hun,Yoon, Jeong-Jun,Kumar, Gopalakrishnan,Jin, Yong-Su,Kim, Sang-Hyoun Elsevier 2018 waste management Vol.80 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This work evaluated the toxicity of ammonia toward mesophilic methanogenic microflora, with respect to the acclimation and pH. Microflora acclimated to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations of 1.0–2.5 g N/L and neutral to alkaline pH, 7.5–8.0, were used for anaerobic toxicity assays (ATA) with TAN up to 6.1 and pH ranged from 7 to 8.2. The effect of ammonia on the specific methanogenic activity (SMA) and methane yield (MY) was described using a noncompetitive model. Acclimation increased the tolerance of the methanogenic microflora to ammonia over the acclimation range. There was no significant difference in the values of SMA and MY at each TAN concentration in the examined pH range, although free ammonia nitrogen (FAN) concentrations increased along with pH. It implied that TAN rather than FAN would be the useful criterion for ammonia inhibition. Propionate degradation was more inhibited compared to acetoclastic methanogenesis by ammonia. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (<I>IC</I> <SUB>50</SUB>) of TAN for the SMA from acetate, SMA from propionate, MY from acetate, and MY from propionate were 3.42–4.26, 3.14–3.91, 3.67–4.07, and 3.34–3.88 g N/L, respectively, at pH 7.4. 454-pyrosequencing analysis of the inoculum showed that the archaeal community was dominant of <I>Methanosarcinaceae</I> and <I>Methanobacteriaceae</I>, which were known as tolerant to ammonia inhibition.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Acclimation increased the tolerance to ammonia inhibition over the acclimated range. </LI> <LI> Total ammonia rather than free ammonia would be the direct inhibition criterion. </LI> <LI> Propionate degradation was more sensitive to NH<SUB>3</SUB> than acetoclastic methanogenesis. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effect of Oxidants on the Ammonia and Nitrate Nitrogen Removal in the Pre-treatment System Linked to the Microbial Fuel Cell

( Jae Kyung Jang ),( In Seop Chang ),( Hyun Woo Kim ),( Je Hoon Sung ),( Youn Koo Kang ),( Young Hwa Kim ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.-

Livestock wastewater has high potential as one of energy resources because this wastewater is including high organic matter. Therefore the studies attempting to bio-gasification and bio-electricity generation using livestock wastewater is being tried. The pre-treatment system used in this study was the purpose to control the ammonia nitrogen in conjunction with the system and the microbial fuel cell. Because ammonia nitrogen is to inhibit the electricity generation efficiency of microbial fuel cell. These studies were to ascertain the effect of oxidants on the nitrogen removal in the pre-treatment system using catalyst and microbubbles to treat the ammonia nitrogen. The three kinds of oxidant such as air, oxygen (O₂), and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were used to know the ammonia and nitrate nitrogen removal. This system was operated with four kinds of conditions. First method is O₂ gas with 100 mL/min with 1ml of 30% H₂O₂ was supplied to the wastewater. A second method, the O₂, with 400 and 1,000 mL/min was supplied through the flow meter before livestock wastewater was flow in the reactor. The last method, air was supplied 800 mL/min. The nitrate removal had no significant difference all conditions except the air supply. On the other hand, the ammonia and nitrate nitrogen removal when oxygen was supplied with 1000 mL O₂/min was higher than that of the other conditions. The removal rate when air was supplied 800 mL/min was similar to the value in the supplied with 400 ml O₂/min. This result showed that oxidant was important factor to improve the ammonia nitrogen removal rate. Acknowledgement: This study was carried out with the support of Research Program for Agricultural Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ010824), National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

A Study on the Optimization of High-Concentration Ammonia Nitrogen Chemical Treatment Process

정태환,김수혜,권우택 한국웰빙융합학회 2023 웰빙융합연구 Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: High concentrations of nitrogen exist in food wastewater, and when nitrogen is not properly treated and discharged, it can cause eutrophication in the aquatic ecosystem. Research design, data and methodology: In order to remove nitrogen using sodium hypochlorite, the BNCR tank was designed and installed in the step behind the biological treatment tank, and the data of pH, TOC, and T-N were collected after about a month of demonstration. Results: As a result of operating the BNCR tank, total nitrogen decreased by about 83% on average. The total nitrogen in the second sedimentation tank before going through the BNCR tank must be removed and finally discharged after nitrogen is removed above the legal standard of 60 mg/L. Conclusions: If BNCR tank is added to the process currently applied to nitrogen removal and operated, ammonia nitrogen can be removed more efficiently. However, the disadvantage is that nitric acid nitrogen and nitric acid nitrogen cannot be removed. If these disadvantages are supplemented and optimized in the future, it will be helpful for workplaces that are having difficulty removing nitrogen.

Effect of Oxidants on the Ammonia and Nitrate Nitrogen Removal in the Pre-treatment System Linked to the Microbial Fuel Cell

Jae Kyung Jang,Je Hoon Sung,In Seop Chang,Hyun Woo Kim,Youn Koo Kang,Young Hwa Kim 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.05

Livestock wastewater has high potential as one of energy resources because this wastewater is including high organic matter. Therefore the studies attempting to bio-gasification and bio-electricity generation using livestock wastewater is being tried. The pre-treatment system used in this study was the purpose to control the ammonia nitrogen in conjunction with the system and the microbial fuel cell. Because ammonia nitrogen is to inhibit the electricity generation efficiency of microbial fuel cell. These studies were to ascertain the effect of oxidants on the nitrogen removal in the pre-treatment system using catalyst and microbubbles to treat the ammonia nitrogen. The three kinds of oxidant such as air, oxygen (O2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were used to know the ammonia and nitrate nitrogen removal. This system was operated with four kinds of conditions. First method is O2 gas with 100 mL/min with 1ml of 30% H2O2 was supplied to the wastewater. A second method, the O2, with 400 and 1,000 mL/min was supplied through the flow meter before livestock wastewater was flow in the reactor. The last method, air was supplied 800 mL/min. The nitrate removal had no significant difference all conditions except the air supply. On the other hand, the ammonia and nitrate nitrogen removal when oxygen was supplied with 1000 mL O2/min was higher than that of the other conditions. The removal rate when air was supplied 800 mL/min was similar to the value in the supplied with 400 ml O2/min. This result showed that oxidant was important factor to improve the ammonia nitrogen removal rate.

건답직파재배에서 요소 비료 시용시 벼의 질소 이용과 손실

이변우 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 1999 농업생명과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the loss and recovery of urea nitrogen applied at sowing as basal nitrogen and topdressed shortly after flooding at four- to six-leaf stage of rice, and the effectiveness of nitrogen split application method, a nitrification inhibitor, DCD (dicyandiamide), and a slow release fertilizer, latex-coated urea(LCU) on the nitrogen economy and yield performance of rice sown directly on dry paddy field. Urea applied at seeding was lost almost completely during dry paddy period of 20 to 30 days before permanent flooding. Plant recovery of nitrogen applied at sowing was only 2.5 to 3.2% with 91 to 96% loss during dry paddy period until 4-leaf stage, showing little year to year variation. Nitrogen loss due to ammonia volatilization covered only 1 to 11%, and the rest substantial part of loss appeared to be due to leaching and denitrification. Both leaching and denitification were important mechanisms of nitrogen loss during dry paddy period before permanent flooding. Urea topdressed shortly after flooding at four-leaf stage was utilized 8 to 40% by plant with 15 to 50% loss within 10 days after fertilization, being much less in N loss compared to urea applied at sowing. Nitrogen topdressed at this stage was lost primarily due to leaching at very early stage of fertilization because of very high rate of water percolation. Ammonia volatilization loss was very low, accounting only for below 2% of applied nitrogen. The data suggested that urea fertilization at sowing as basal fertilizer should be avoided or reduced to a minimum amount and the nitrogen alloted to basal fertilizer in conventional dry-seeding rice culture rather be supplemented to the topdressing shortly after permanent flooding at four to six-leaf stage of rice for improving nitrogen fertilization efficiency and rice yield. DCD increased slightly the plant recovery of fertilizer nitrogend and rice yield. However, such a degree of improvement might be achieved by other means of fertilization practice without chemical.