2단 간헐 포기조의 포기/비포기 시간비에 따른 영양염류 제거특성

김홍태,신석우,오상화,권성현 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.7

This study was conducted to remove organics and nutrients using 2 stage intermittent aeration reactor. First reactor, using suspended microbial growth in intermittent aeration instead of anaerobic reactor in the typical BNR process, used minimum carbon source to release P. and it was possible to reduce ammonia loading going to second reactor. In the second reactor, using moving media intermittent aeration, it was effective to reduce nitrate in non-aeration time by attached microorganisms having long retention time. In aeration time, nitrification and P uptake were taken place simultaneously. From the experiment, two major results were as follows. First, the removal of organics was more than 90%, and optimum aeration/non-aeration time ratio for organic removal was corresponded with aeration/non-aeration time ratio for nitrogen removal. Second, in the first reactor, optimum aeration/non-aeration time ratio was 15/75 (min.) because it was necessary to maintain 75 min. of non-aeration time to suppress of impediment of return nitrate and to lead release of phosphate. In the second reactor, optimum aeration/non-aeration time ratio was 45/90 (min.).

침종 이후의 Aeration 기간과 온도에 따른 숙주나물의 생장

강진호,류영섭,윤수영,전승호,조숙현 韓國作物學會 2004 Korean journal of crop science Vol.49 No.6

콩나물 세근 발생 억제용으로 고가의 BA가 주로 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 BA처리효과를 극대화하기 위한 aeration에 관한 정보를 제공하고자 BA 용액에 침종된 종자(금성녹두, 어울녹두, 중록1호)를 aeration 기간(1, 2, 3, 4시간)과 온도(20, 30, 40℃ )를 달리하여 처리한 후 6일간 재배된 숙주나물을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 침종 직후부터 첫 관수까지의 aeration기간과 온도에 따른 숙주나물의 생장과 형태는 처리기간의 영향을 크게 받는 반면, 온도의 영향은 아주 미미하였다. 2. Aeration 기간 따른 하배축 길이별 비율에서 중록 1호는 타공시품종에 비하여 7cm 이상의 비율에서 가장 높았고 처리기간간 차이가 거의 없었던 반면, 금성녹두와 어울녹두는 상품화가 가능한 4cm이상의 비율에서 처리기간이 증가할수록 증가되었으며, 비정상개체의 비율은 이와 정반대의 결과를 보였다. 3. 세근발생 비율과 개체당 세근수는 aeration 기간이 길어질수록 감소되었으나 aeration기간이 3시간에서 4시간으로 늘어날 경우 감소 정도가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 4. Aeration기간이 길어질수록 자엽 바로 아래 부분의 하배축 직경이 굵어지고 뿌리 길이는 짧아지는 경향을 보였으나 하배축의 길이와 중간부분의 직경은 aeration기간간에 차이가 없었다. 5. Aeration기간이 길어질수록 하배축의 생체중은 증가하였으나 개체당 전체 생체중은 aeration기간간에 차이가 없었다. Lateral roots formed on mungbean sprouts should lower their quality. The study was carried out to clarify the effects of aeration periods (AP; 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours) and temperature (AT; 20, 30, and 40~circC ) after 5 hour seed imbibition into 50 ppm benzyladenopurine (BA) solution on growth and morphological characters of mungbean (cv. Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu and Zhong Lu 1) sprouts. On the 6th day, the mungbean sprouts were sorted by 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl lengths; > 7cm, 4 to 7cm, < 4cm, and non-germination to calculate their composition rates, number of lateral roots, lengths of hypocotyl and root, diameters at middle and upper parts of hypocotyl, fraction fresh and dry weights were measured. AP more affected growth of the cultivars than AT showing little effect on them. In the composition rate of the above 4 categories, cv. Zhong Lu 1 had the highest rate in longer than 7cm but nearly the same rate in AP treatments. Rates of longer than 4cm hypocotyls in cv. Keumseongnogdu, Owoolnogdu were increased with longer AP but their rates of shorter than 4cm showed reverse response to the former. Formation rate and number of lateral roots per sprout were decreased with longer AP, showing more severe decrement when delayed 3 to 4 hour AP. Upper part of hypocotyls and roots were more thickened and shortened in longer AP, respectively. Total fresh weights had no significant difference between AP treatments while hypocotyl fresh weights were increased with longer AP. It was concluded that in mungbean sprout culture aeration from BA treatment to the first watering permitted at least 4 hours.

BA 처리 직후의 Aeration 온도와 기간이 콩나물의 생장과 세근발생에 미치는 영향

강진호,전병삼,조용준,박철종,윤수영,전승호 韓國作物學會 2004 한국작물학회지 Vol.49 No.3

콩나물 재배에서 생장조절제 BA 흡수량은 처리방법에 따라 커다란 영향을 받는다. 본 연구는 BA 처리효과를 극대화하여 처리량을 줄일 수 있는 방법을 모색하고자 BA 처리 직후 첫 관수까지 경과시간이 콩나물의 생장과 세근발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 2 ppm BA용액에 5시간 침종한 풍산 나물콩, 소원콩 및 준저리의 종자를 재배시 첫 관수까지 20, 30 및 40º 로 aeration 온도를 달리하거나, 25º 에서 1, 2, 3, 4시간으로 aeration기간을 달리하여 처리한 후에 6일간 재배한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1, 침종과 첫 관수간 aeration온도 및 기간에 따라 각공시품종의 발아 및 생장 정도는 다른 것으로 조사되었다. 2. 콩나물의 발아 및 생장, 세근발생 개체비율, 개체당 세근수 및 생체중은 BA 용액에 침종한 후 첫 관수까지의 aeration온도의 영향은 미미한 반면, 공시품종의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 조사되었다. 3. 세근발생 개체비율은 aeration기간을 4시간으로 길게 할수록 감소하였던 반면, 개체당 세근수는 3시간 이상의 aeration 기간간에는 차이가 없었다. 4. 하배축 및 뿌리의 길이는 1시간의 aeration을 가할 경우 가장 길었으나, 3시간 이상 aeration을 가할 경우 차이가 없었다. 5. 자엽, 하배측, 뿌리 및 전체 생체중도 1시간 aeration을 가할 경우 가장 많았으며, 3시간 이상 aeration을 가할 경우 차이가 없었다 Treatment effect of benzyladenopurine (BA) used to block the lateral roots formed on soybean sprouts should be influenced by its applying methods. This study was done to check the effects of temperature and period from seed imbibition into 2 ppm BA solution to the first watering for sprout culture on growth and morphology of soybean sprouts. Imbibed three cultivar (cv. Pungsannamulkong, Sowonkong and Junjery) seeds for 5 houys into 2 ppm BA solution were placed under different temperatures (AT; 20, 30, 40~circ ) and periods (AP; 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours). On the 6th day, the soybean sprouts were classified by 4 categories on the base of hypocotyl length; >7cm, 4 to 7cm), < 4cm and non-germination to calculate their composition rates, number of lateral roots, lengths of hypocotyl and root diameters at middle and hook of hypocotyl, and fraction dry weights were measured. Germination and growth responses of the cultivars were changed by AT and AP treatments. The responses, lateral root formation and fresh weights were, however, mainly affected by the cultivars used rather than Af treatment. Rate of the sprouts which formed lateral roots was decreased with increased periods to 4 hours, but their number per sprout was not different between the treatments of longer than 3 hours. Lengths of hypocotyl and root organ and total fresh weights were the highest in an hour AP treatment although longer than 3 hour AP treatments did not showed the significant difference in the lengths. Conclusionally AP treatment was more important than Af one in seed aeration for soybean sprout culture immediately after imbibition into BA solution, and was done at least for 3 hours.

돈분뇨의 호기적 액비화 과정에서 암모니아 휘산량 평가

김태영 ( Tae Young Kim ),김송엽 ( Song Yeob Kim ),장홍희 ( Hong Hee Chang ),윤홍배 ( Hong Bae Yun ),이용복 ( Yong Bok Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.4

BACKGROUND: Composting is the most frequently used waste management process for animal manure in Korea`s livestock industry. In the composting process, a large amount of nitrogen (N) is volatilized to the atmosphere as amonia (NH3). However, quantitative information of NH3 emission from composting of liquid manure is required to obtain emission factors for management of livestock manure in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: To evaluate the NH3 emission from composting of liquid manure affected by aeration, we conducted composting of liquid pig manure with three forced aeration systems. The aeration conditions were continuous (A60), cycle of 30 min aeration and 30 min pause (A30S30) and without aeration(A0). All treatments were aerated 12 hour per day with these aeration systems. The total ratio of NH3 volatilization loss to total N content in liquid manure throughout composting period was estimated to 19.9% for A0 treatment, 25.9% for A30S30 treatment and 36.3% for A60 treatment. The A30S30 and A60 aeration systems increased NH3 volatilization by 30.2 and 82.3% compared with systems without forced aeration. CONCLUSION(S): Ammonia emission during liquid pig manure composting was highly affected by forced aeration. The development of liquid pig manure composting systems with forced aeration would be considered both reducing ammonia emission and efficiency of composting.

혐기성 소화시 aeration이 수소생성에 미치는 영향

이명주(Lee Myoung Joo),장현섭(Jang Hyun Sup),황선진(Hwang Sun Jin),정연구(Jeong Yeon Koo) 대한토목학회 2006 대한토목학회논문집 B Vol.26 No.6B

본 연구에서는 혐기성 소화에서 aeration이 수소생성에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 혐기성 소화슬러지를 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 시간 동안 aeration 실시 후 glucose(20 g/ℓ)를 기질로 이용하여 batch test를 실시하였다. Aeration 시간이 길어질수록 메탄가스가 감소하고, 수소가스가 증가하였으며,6시간 동안 aeration을 실시한 반응조에서 가장 높은 수소 생성율(570 ㎖/ℓ)을 나타내었다. 연속운전의 경우 aerated reactor는 메탄가스의 생성 없이 수소가 지속적으로 발생하였으며, non-aerated reactor의 경우 낮은 pH와 짧은 HRT만으로는 메탄 생성균의 활성을 완전히 저해할 수 없었다. 그러나 미생물관점에서의 보 다 명확한 규명을 위해 향후 연구가 추가적으로 진행되어야 하며, 현장 적용성을 고려한 aeration 처리의 최적조건 도출도 이루어져야 할 것이다. This research investigated the effect of aeration pretreatment for anaerobic seed sludge on hydrogen production. Aeration time for anaerobic sludge was maintained at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours in batch tests. Two continuous anaerobic reactors (aerated and non-aerated) were also operated. All experiments were conducted at 35℃ using mineral salts-glucose (20 g/ℓ) medium. Methane production decreased with the increase in aeration time. Aeration for 6 hours was determined as an optimum from the amount of hydrogen produced. Hydrogen was steadily produced in the continuous reactor seeded with aerated sludge while no methane production was observed. However, small amount of hydrogen was produced in the non-aerated reactor for short period of time from the start even though short HRT (2 days) and low pH (5.5) were maintained.

DO 동특성을 이용한 연속회분식반응조의 폭기공정 제어

김동한,정태학 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.6

As a sequencing batch reactor process is operated in the time orientation, it has flexibility of operation, which could easily accomodate aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions for biological nutrient removal in a reactor through the simple control of aeration. The aeration process of the sequencing batch reactor has been controlled on the basis of dissolved oxygen dynamics. Dissolved oxygen dynamics well represents the characteristics of reactions in a reactor. The first plateau of dissolved oxygen after aeration is related to the balance of oxygen, which is supplied by aeration and utilized by nitrification. The second rapid increase of dissolved oxygen is closely related to the end of nitrification. By applying the control strategy based on dissolved oxygen dynamics, aeration time for the optimal aerobic period is adjusted in a sequencing batch reactor. Aeration time is mainly correlated with the concentration of nitrogen in the influent and could also provide the characteristics of nitrification. The anoxic period could be prolonged through aeration control, so endogenous denitrification is maximized. The removal of phosphorus is enhanced simultaneously.

MBR 공정에서 포기방법에 따른 막오염 특성

이준명 ( Jun Myeong Lee ),최창규 ( Chang Kyoo Choi ),이광호 ( Kwang Ho Lee ) 한국수처리학회 2011 한국수처리학회지 Vol.19 No.6

This study investigated the characteristics of the membrane fouling according to aeration conditions between continuous aeration and intermittent aeration estimating the permeability resistance on the passive adsorption. It also examined the concentration of eEPS and sEPS to find out the recovery rate of membrane after cleaning methods(physical and chemical cleaning). EPS (Extra Polymeric Substances) was mainly reported as membrane foulants, especially like protein and carbohydrate etc. EPS is classified eEPS (extracted EPS) and sEPS (soluble EPS). As the result, the permeability resistance of the continuous aeration is steeply increased compared to the intermittent aeration, because long aeration time led to the production of the much membrane foulants. Even though the COD loads were the same in two conditions, the EPS concentration of continuous aeration was higher than intermittent aeration. Also, sEPS concentration is getting increased as the operation continued, because membrane foulants was in the soluble state separated from the microbe. Therefore, we found that prolonged time of aeration could led to high EPS concentration by promoting the growth of biological metabolism, and the rise of EPS deteriorated membrane permeability.

간헐포기공정에서 포기/비포기 구간에 따른 질소제거 및 미생물 군집분석

최문수(Moon Su Choi),이태진(Tae Jin Lee) 大韓環境工學會 2014 대한환경공학회지 Vol.36 No.1

본 연구에서는 단일반응조에서 포기/비포기 시간에 따른 하수 내 유기물질 및 질소화합물을 변화양상을 살펴보고자 하였다. 실험 결과 C/N비 3 : 1, 포기/비포기 20/40 min 구간에서부터 90% 이상의 안정적인 유기물 및 질소 제거가 이루어짐을 알 수 있었다. 포기/비포기 구간의 비율을 길게 유지하는 것이 탈질에 더욱 효과적이었으며 이는 비포기 구간을 유지하는 동안 반응조 내 미생물의 군집변화에 기인하는 것으로 판단하였다. PCR-DGGE를 한 결과, 유기물 및 질소화합물의 산화에 관여하는 미생물로 Dysgonomonas mossii strain MelO₄0, Eubacterium sp. oral clone JN088, Uncultured bacterium clone SPESB2_718과 Bacterium enrichment culture clone LE이 관찰되었고 탈질에 관여하는 미생물은 Uncultured Acidobacteria bacterium clone AKYG487, Lactobacillus harbinensis strain FQ003, Erythrobacter litoralis strain Gi-3, Phytobacter diazotrophicus strain Ls8, Mycobacterium sp. enrichment culture clone GE10037biofNNA로 나타났다. In this study, variations of the organic and nitrogenous compounds in wastewater were investigated in a single reactor with intermittent aeration. Over 90% of organic and nitrogen removals are accomplished with C/N ratio of 3 : 1 and 20/20 min of aeration/non-aeration period. Longer non-aeration period on the aeration/non-aeration cycle showed more stable nitrogen removal, showing various microbial community in the reactor. From PCR-DGGE analysis, it is conclusive that Dysgonomonas mossii strain MelO₄0, Eubacterium sp. oral clone JN088, Uncultured bacterium clone SPESB2_718, and Bacterium enrichment culture clone LE are related with the organics and nitrogen oxidation. Uncultured Acidobacteria bacterium clone AKYG487, Lactobacillus harbinensis strain FQ003, Erythrobacter litoralis strain Gi-3, Phytobacter diazotrophicus strain Ls8, and Mycobacterium sp. enrichment culture clone GE10037biofNNA are distinctly appeared under denitrification condition.

凝集劑를 이용한 간헐폭기 시스템의 窒素와 燐 除去에 관한 硏究

김동하,윤상린,지덕기,서홍규 한국물환경학회 2003 한국물환경학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Coagulant dosed intermittent aeration system (=CIAS), which has been developed for the domestic wastewater treatment plant of a small scale, was investigated so as to examine its ability of nitrogen and phosphorous removal. The CIAS process is composed of a coagulation tank, an intermittent aeration tank, and clarifier. In order to keep the C/N ratio low at nitrification step and high at denitrification step in a aeration tank, raw wastewater was separated into high and low concentration of organic at the coagulation process, and which were dosed at denitrification and nitrification, respectively. We returned the sludge at coagulant tank in order to obtain the organic not only by biosorption but also by coagulant. So, we could remove the phosphorus in spite of using the amount of P.A.C. which are 0.12 Al:P ratio. Operating conditions of the CIAS process were HRT 12hr, SRT 25∼30 days, MLSS 3500∼4500 mg/L, and aeration/non-aeration time 1/1hr, 1/2hr and continuous aeration, respectively. It was observed that the concentrations of BOD, T-N, and T-P in domestic wastewater were 177.2 mg/L, 42.2 mg/L, and 8.7 mg/L, respectively. While those of BOD, T-N, and T-P in effluents were estimated to be below 8mg/L, 6.7 mg/L, and 0.6 mg/L at BA-2 step, respectively. It is also shown that NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations in the effluent are below 1.4mg/L and 1.1mg/L at BA-2 step, respectively, which demonstrates that nitrification and denitrification proceed almost completely. It was confirmed that the removal efficiencies of BOD, T-N, and T-P were 95.8%, 83.6%, 93.3%, respectively. In conclude, using the small amount of P.A.C., which are 0.12(Al:P ratio) and the 1/2 ~ 1/3 aeration power of continuous aeration, we could remove the nitrogen and phosphorus, efficiently.

KSBNR_ⓜ을 이용한 중대규모 하·폐수처리의 실용화

김재영 ( Jae-young Kim ) 한국환경기술학회 2010 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.11 No.4

KSBNR_ⓜ 공정의 포기/비포기 운전모드를 다양하게 변화시키면서 파일럿 규모 반응기를 이용하여 실험을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 운전모드 I에서 2단 교호 간헐포기조의 포기/비포기 주기를 각각 40/20과 40/20으로 운전한 경우, 호기성과 무산소 시간의 비율이 2:1로 유지되어 전체 호기성 체류시간이 길어짐으로써 본 공정의 산화능력이 증대되고 동시에 부하변동시의 완충능력이 향상되어 비교적 안정적인 유출수질을 얻을 수 있었다. 운전모드 II에서 2단 교호 간헐포기조의 포기/비포기 주기를 각각 30/30과 30/30분으로 운전한 경우, 포기/비포기 시간을 단축하고 전체 호기성과 무산소 체류시간을 동일하게 하여 운전한 결과 저농도에도 불구하고 효율적인 질산화와 탈질화를 유도할 수 있었다. 운전모드 III에서 2단 교호 간헐포기조의 포기/비포기 주기를 각각 60/60과 60/60으로 운전한 결과, 평균 BOD, SS, T-N, T-P제거율은 각각 95%, 90%, 56%, 80%로 나타났다. 운전모드 V에서 2단 교호 간헐포기조의 포기/비포기 주기를 각각 90/90과 90/90으로 운전한 경우, 평균 BOD, T-N, T-P의 제거율은 각각 93%, 75%, 88%로 나타났고, 2단 교호 간헐포기조의 포기/비포기 주기를 각각 90/90과 60/120으로 한 경우, 평균 BOD, T-N, T-P제거율은 각각 90%, 66%, 88%로 나타났다. 운전모드 VI기간에서 교호 간헐포기조의 포기/비포기 주기를 90/60과 60/90으로 운전한 경우 평균 BOD, T-N, T-P제거율은 각각 92%, 63%, 88%로 평가되었다. KSBNR_ⓜ process was carried out on various aeration/un-aeration operation mode by using pilot scale reactor. The performance of KSBNR_ⓜ process equipped with two intermittent aeration tanks operated alternately was investigated. The operation mode Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ were performed on 40/20, 30/30, 60/60, 90/90min for aeration/un-aeration time on each tank, respectively. Operation mode Ⅴ was operated as 90/90, 60/120 on first and second tank, and Ⅵ was 90/60, 60/90 on each tank. From the mode Ⅰ, each tank could be sustain the aerobic condition on such 2 ratio 1 mode, and aerobic hydraulic retention time could be longer. Since the increased oxidation capacity by expanded aerobic condition, buffer capacity for organic load alteration and stable water quality of outlet were could be accomplished. On the mode Ⅱ, nitrification and de-nitrification could be activated efficiently by making the same time of aeration and un-aeration, even though organic load was lower. On the mode Ⅲ, average removal efficiency of BOD, SS, T-N, T-P was shown as 95%, 90%, 56%, 80% respectively. On the mode Ⅳ, average removal efficiency for BOD, T-N, T-P on 90/90 min was recorded to 93%, 75%, 88% and 90%, 66%, 88% on the case of 60/120 min. During the mode VI, each removal efficiency were measured to 92%, 63%, 88%.