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Sensitivity Enhancement in Nickel Hydroxide/3D‐Graphene as Enzymeless Glucose Detection
Shackery, Iman,Patil, Umarkant,Song, Min‐,Jung,Sohn, Ji Soo,Kulkarni, Sachin,Some, Surajit,Lee, Su Chan,Nam, Min Sik,Lee, Wooyoung,Jun, Seong Chan WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2015 Electroanalysis Vol.27 No.10
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)<SUB>2</SUB>)/3D‐graphene composite is used as monolithic free‐standing electrode for enzymeless electrochemical detection of glucose. Ni(OH)<SUB>2</SUB> nanoflakes are synthesized by using a simple solution growth procedure on 3D‐graphene foam which was grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The pore structure of 3D‐graphene allows easy access to glucose with high surface area, which leads to glucose detection with an ultrahigh sensitivity of 3.49 mA mM<SUP>−1</SUP> cm<SUP>−2</SUP> and a significant lower detection limit up to 24 nM. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and potentionstatic mode is used for non‐enzymatic glucose sensing. The impedance and effective surface area have been studied well. The high sensitivity, low detection limit and simple configuration of Ni(OH)<SUB>2</SUB>/three dimensional (3D)‐graphene composite electrodes can evoke its industrial application in glucose sensing devices.</P>
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Synchrotron X‐ray microscopic computed tomography of the pump system of a female mosquito
Kim, Bo Heum,Seo, Eun Seok,Lim, Jae Hong,Lee, Sang Joon Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 Microscopy research and technique Vol.75 No.8
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The pumping organ of blood‐sucking female mosquitoes has a three‐dimensional (3D) structure. However, conventional two‐dimensional imaging methods are insufficient for visualizing the 3D structure in detail. Furthermore, their 3D imaging tasks are highly time consuming and sample preparation process requires elaborate skill. Among 3D imaging techniques, synchrotron X‐ray microscopic computed tomography (SR‐μCT) is especially suitable for small insects with opaque cuticles, such as mosquitoes. In this study, the 3D morphological structure of the pump system of a female mosquito was visualized using SR‐μCT. Expandable volume capacities of two pump chambers were measured for several mosquito samples of similar size. To verify the cross‐sectional images acquired by SR‐μCT, complementary paraffin‐sectioning data were compared. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1051–1058, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>
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Kim, Dongchan,Chae, Jong‐,Hee,Han, Yeji John WileySons, Inc. 2019 International Journal of Imaging Systems and Techn Vol.29 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Accurate extraction of brain tissues from magnetic resonance (MR) images is important in neuroradiology. However, brain extraction is more difficult for pediatric brains than for adult brains due to several factors including smaller brain sizes and lower tissue contrasts. In this work, we propose a brain extraction technique that utilizes dual frame (DF) 3D U‐net deep learning architecture and the human connectome project (HCP) database for multislice 2D pediatric T2‐weighted MR images with diseases. To improve segmentation accuracy in small pediatric brains with detailed boundary regions, DF 3D U‐net architecture was used. We pretrained networks with the HCP database to compensate for the limited amount of MR images and manual segmentation masks of pediatric patients. For quantitative analysis, we compared the brain extraction results of brain extraction tool, DF, and conventional 3D U‐net using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC), intersection of union (IoU), and boundary F1 (BF) scores; each deep learning architecture was evaluated with and without pretraining using the HCP. This study included 10 patients with diseases and all images were acquired using a PROPELLER MR sequence. Pretraining using the HCP database enhanced segmentation performance of the network, and the skip connections in the DF 3D U‐net could enhance the contour similarity of segmentation results. Experimental results showed that the proposed method increased the DSC, IoU, and BF scores by 0.8%, 1.6%, and 1.5%, respectively, compared with those of the conventional 3D U‐net without pretraining.</P>
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DFT‐based <i>de novo</i> QSAR of Phenoloxidase Inhibitors
Pasha, Farhan Ahmad,Muddassar, Muhhammad,Beg, Yakub,Cho, Seung Joo Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2008 Chemical biology & drug design Vol.71 No.5
<P>The phenoloxidase or tyrosinase is a key enzyme in insects, which is responsible for hydroxylation of tyrosine into <I>o</I>‐quinones via <I>o</I>‐diphenols. A series of benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid families were taken with their pragmatic pIC<SUB>50</SUB> values against phenoloxidase from pieris rapae (Lepidoptera) larvae. Density functional theory‐based quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analyses were performed to speculate the key interaction. The most fitted four different QSAR models were identified and discussed. The softness, electrophilicity index, molar refractivity and log <I>P</I> were identified as best descriptors; however, the atomic values of softness and philicity obtained from Fukui function are more significant than global values. The study reveals that electrostatic and steric fields jointly contribute to activity. To gain further insight, the three‐dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D‐QSAR) analyses were performed using two molecular field techniques: comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA). The successful 3D‐QSAR models were obtained from CoMFA (<I>q</I><SUP>2<I> </I></SUP>= 0.94, <I>r</I><SUP>2<I> </I></SUP>= 0.99, <SUP><I> </I></SUP>= 0.92) and CoMSIA (<I>q</I><SUP>2<I> </I></SUP>= 0.94, <I>r</I><SUP>2<I> </I></SUP>= 0.98, = 0/95). The CoMFA and CoMSIA results indicate that, a bulky and negative group around sulfur atom but a small and positive group around nitrogen atom might have good effects on activity. The <I>ortho</I> and <I>meta</I> positions of ring are favorable for small group. These QSAR models might be helpful to design the novel and potent inhibitors.</P>
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Son, Jaejung,Bae, Chae Yun,Park, Je‐,Kyun WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2016 Biotechnology Journal Vol.11 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Hydrogel‐based bottom‐up tissue engineering depends on assembly of cell‐laden modules for complex three‐dimensional tissue reconstruction. Though sheet‐like hydrogel modules enable rapid and controllable assembly, they have limitations in generating spatial microenvironments and mass transport. Here, we describe a simple method for forming large‐scale cell‐hydrogel assemblies via stacking cell‐embedded mesh‐like hydrogel sheets to create complex macroscale cellular scaffolds. Freestanding stacked hydrogel sheets were fabricated for long‐term cell culturing applications using a facile stacking process where the micropatterned hydrogel sheets (8.0 mm × 8.7 mm) were aligned using a polydimethylsiloxane drainage well. The stacked hydrogel sheets were precisely aligned so that the openings could facilitate mass transport through the stacked sheets. Despite the relatively large height of the stacked structure (400–700 μm), which is larger than the diffusion limit thickness of 150–200 μm, the freestanding cell‐ydrogel assemblies maintained cell viability and exhibited enhanced cellular function compared with single hydrogel sheets. Furthermore, a three‐dimensional co‐culture system was constructed simply by stacking different cell‐containing hydrogel sheets. These results show that stacked hydrogel sheets have significant potential as a macroscale cell‐culture and assay platform with complex microenvironments for biologically relevant in vitro tissue‐level drug assays and physiological studies.</P>
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