Systematics of <i>Hypnea asiatica</i> sp. nov. (Hypneaceae, Rhodophyta) based on morphology and nrDNA SSU, plastid <i>rbcL</i> , and mitochondrial <i>cox1</i>

Geraldino, Paul John L.,Yang, Eun Chan,Sook Kim, Myung,Min Boo, Sung Wiley (John WileySons) 2009 Taxon Vol.58 No.2

Psychosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results From an International Inception Cohort Study

Hanly, John G.,Li, Qiuju,Su, Li,Urowitz, Murray B.,Gordon, Caroline,Bae, Sang‐,Cheol,Romero‐,Diaz, Juanita,Sanchez‐,Guerrero, Jorge,Bernatsky, Sasha,Clarke, Ann E.,Wallace, Daniel J. Wiley (John WileySons) 2019 Arthritis & rheumatology Vol.71 No.2

Scalable synthesis of an architectural library of well‐defined poly(acrylic acid) derivatives: Role of structure on dispersant performance

Lunn, David J.,Seo, Sungbaek,Lee, Sang‐,Ho,Zerdan, Raghida Bou,Mattson, Kaila M.,Treat, Nicolas J.,McGrath, Alaina J.,Gutekunst, Will R.,Lawrence, Jimmy,Abdilla, Allison,Anastasaki, Athina,Knigh John WileySons, Inc. 2019 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.57 No.6

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>The synthesis and systematic comparison of a comprehensive library of well‐defined polymer architectures based on poly(acrylic acid) is reported. Through the development of new synthetic methodologies, linear, single branched, precision‐branched comb, and star polymers were prepared and their performance as dispersants was evaluated. The ability to accurately control chain lengths and branch points allows the subtle interplay between structure and dispersant performance to be defined and affords critical insights into the design of improved polymeric additives for coating formulations. The general industrial relevance of ionic polymers and branched macromolecular architectures supports these design rules for a wide range of other applications and materials, including as additives for personal care products and in water treatment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. <B>2019</B>, <I>57</I>, 716–725</P>

Experimental evidence for the protective effects of coffee against liver fibrosis in SD rats

Shin, Jang-Woo,Wang, Jing-Hua,Kang, Jong-Koo,Son, Chang-Gue John WileySons, Ltd. 2010 Journal of the science of food and agriculture Vol.90 No.3

<P>BACKGROUND: Coffee is one of the most commonly consumed beverages worldwide. Accumulating clinical evidence has shown an inverse relationship between coffee and liver cirrhosis. We investigated the protective effect of coffee against liver fibrosis and underlying molecular mechanisms using a dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrosis model.</P><P>RESULTS: Coffee administration significantly prevented the deterioration of body weight, organ weight, and serum biochemistry by DMN treatment. Histopathological examination revealed that necrosis/inflammation and fibrotic septa decreased significantly in coffee-treated rats compared to those treated with DMN and water. Coffee administration also significantly inhibited the accumulation of hydroxyproline (P < 0.001) and the production of malondialdehyde (P < 0.05), as well as stellate cell activation caused by DMN injection. Coffee protected the depletion of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in liver tissue. In addition, coffee treatment inhibited the gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-β in liver tissues, and lowered the concentration of TGF-β and PDGF-β in liver. Coffee inhibited NO production by macrophages.</P><P>CONCLUSION: Coffee exerts protective effects against liver fibrosis via antioxidant action and the suppression of fibrogenic cytokines, TGF-β and PDGF-β. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

Antitumor bioactivity of porphyran extracted from <i>Pyropia yezoensis</i> Chonsoo2 on human cancer cell lines

He, Dan,Wu, Siya,Yan, Liping,Zuo, Jihui,Cheng, Yang,Wang, Hanfei,Liu, Jian,Zhang, Xu,Wu, Mingjiang,Choi, Jong‐,il,Tong, Haibin John WileySons, Ltd 2019 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.99 No.15

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P><I>Pyropia yezoensis</I>, rich in porphyran, is a medicine‐edible red alga. In the present study, the physicochemical characteristics, conformational states and antitumor activities of a novel porphyran extracted from the high‐yield algal strain <I>Pyropia yezoensis</I> Chonsoo2 and its two degraded derivatives by gamma irradiation were investigated.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P><I>Pyropia yezoensis</I> porphyran is a water‐soluble, triple‐helical sulfated hetero‐galactopyranose, named PYP. PYP was degraded by gamma irradiation at 20 kGy and 50 kGy, giving two low molecular weight derivatives comprising PYP‐20 and PYP‐50, respectively. PYP with a higher molecular weight has a solution conformation different from PYP‐20 and PYP‐50. Three porphyrans had no toxicity in normal human liver cells (HL‐7702) and showed antitumor effects on Hep3B, HeLa and MDA‐MB‐231. They had better antitumor against HeLa cells, exhibiting a similar inhibition ratio compared to 5‐fluorouracil, with PYP especially exhibiting a higher inhibition ratio than 5‐fluorouracil. With respect to HeLa cells, the different antitumor activities might be related to porphyran molecular weight and solution conformation. Furthermore, the HeLa cell cycle was blocked in the G2/M phase after PYP treatment, leading to cell proliferation inhibition. The induction of cell cycle arrest was related to the changes in the expression of p21, p53, Cyclin B1 and cyclin‐dependent kinase 1.</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P><I>Pyropia yezoensis</I> porphyran, as applied to medicine and functional food, could potentially be used as a non‐toxic natural adjuvant in cancer therapy. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

Reactive microglia and astrocytes in neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage model are blocked by mesenchymal stem cells

Kim, Seojeong,Kim, Young Eun,Hong, Sujeong,Kim, Kyung‐,Tai,Sung, Dong Kyung,Lee, Yunjeong,Park, Won Soon,Chang, Yun Sil,Song, Mi‐,Ryoung John WileySons, Inc. 2020 GLIA Vol.68 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in premature infants triggers reactive gliosis, causing acute neuronal death and glial scar formation. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has often showed improved CNS recovery in an IVH model, but whether this response is related to reactive glial cells is still unclear. Herein, we suggest that MSCs impede the response of reactive microglia rather than astrocytes, thereby blocking neuronal damage. Astrocytes alone showed mild reactiveness under hemorrhagic conditions mimicked by thrombin treatment, and this was not blocked by MSC‐conditioned medium (MSC‐CM) in vitro. In contrast, thrombin‐induced microglial activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines were inhibited by MSC‐CM. Interestingly, astrocytes showed greater reactive response when co‐cultured with microglia, and this was abolished in the presence of MSC‐CM. Gene expression profiles in microglia revealed that transcript levels of genes for immune response and proinflammatory cytokines were altered by thrombin treatment. This result coincided with the robust phosphorylation of STAT1 and p38 MAPK, which might be responsible for the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, application of MSC‐CM diminished thrombin‐mediated phosphorylation of STAT1 and p38 MAPK, supporting the acute anti‐inflammatory role of MSCs under hemorrhagic conditions. In line with this, activation of microglia and consequent cytokine release were impaired in <I>Stat1‐</I>null mice. However, reactive response in <I>Stat1‐</I>deficient astrocytes was maintained. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MSCs mainly block the activation of microglia involving STAT1‐mediated cytokine release and subsequent reduction of reactive astrocytes.</P><P><B>Main Points</B></P><P>Intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants causes microglial activation and cytokine release.<listItem xml:id='glia23712-li-0002'>MSCs block phosphorylation of STAT1 and MAPK in reactive microglia, which results in lesser release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines.</P>

Cerebral mapping of glutamate using chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging in a rat model of stress‐induced sleep disturbance at 7.0T

Lee, Dong‐,Hoon,Woo, Chul‐,Woong,Kwon, Jae‐,Im,Chae, Yeon Ji,Ham, Su Jung,Suh, Ji‐,Yeon,Kim, Sang‐,Tae,Kim, Jeong Kon,Kim, Kyung Won,Woo, Dong‐,Cheol,Lee, Do‐ John WileySons, Inc. 2019 Journal of magnetic resonance imaging Vol.50 No.6

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) imaging has been widely used in brain psychiatric disorders. Glutamate signal changes may help to evaluate the sleep‐related disorders, and could be useful in diagnosis.</P><P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>To evaluate signal changes in the hippocampus and cortex of a rat model of stress‐induced sleep disturbance using GluCEST.</P><P><B>Study Type</B></P><P>Prospective animal study.</P><P><B>Animal Model</B></P><P>Fourteen male Sprague–Dawley rats.</P><P><B>Field Strength/Sequence</B></P><P>7.0T small bore MRI / fat‐suppressed, turbo‐rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) for CEST, and spin‐echo, point‐resolved proton MR spectroscopy (<SUP>1</SUP>H MRS).</P><P><B>Assessment</B></P><P>Rats were divided into two groups: the stress‐induced sleep‐disturbance group (SSD, <I>n</I> = 7) and the control group (CTRL, <I>n</I> = 7), to evaluate and compare the cerebral glutamate signal changes. GluCEST data were quantified using a conventional magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry in the left‐ and right‐side hippocampus and cortex. The correlation between GluCEST signal and glutamate concentrations, derived from <SUP>1</SUP>H MRS, was evaluated.</P><P><B>Statistical Analysis</B></P><P>Wilcoxon rank‐sum test between CEST signals and multiparametric MR signals, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test between CEST signals on the left and right hemispheres, and a correlation test between CEST signals and glutamate concentrations derived from <SUP>1</SUP>H MRS.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Measured GluCEST signals showed significant differences between the two groups (left hippocampus; 4.23 ± 0.27% / 5.27 ± 0.42% [SSD / CTRL, <I>P</I> = 0.002], right hippocampus; 4.50 ± 0.44% / 5.04 ± 0.34% [<I>P</I> = 0.035], left cortex; 2.81 ± 0.38% / 3.56 ± 0.41% [<I>P</I> = 0.004], and right cortex; 2.95 ± 0.47% / 3.82 ± 0.26% [<I>P</I> = 0.003]). GluCEST signals showed positive correlation with glutamate concentrations (R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.312; <I>P</I> = 0.038).</P><P><B>Data Conclusion</B></P><P>GluCEST allowed the visualization of cerebral glutamate changes in rats subjected to sleep disturbance, and may yield valuable insights for interpreting alterations in cerebral biochemical information.</P><P><B>Level of Evidence:</B> 2</P><P><B>Technical Efficacy:</B> Stage 2</P><P>J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1866–1872.</P>

Numerical modeling of two‐phase bubbly flow mixing with mass transport in an effective microorganism odor removing system

Ali, Haider,Cheema, Taqi Ahmad,Park, Cheol Woo John WileySons, Ltd 2016 Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology Vol.91 No.4

<P>BACKGROUNDIndustrial odor removers are two-phase flow systems that use effective microorganisms to capture malodor-producing gases from the surroundings. The potency of such systems depends on the interaction of gas with the microorganisms. Therefore, the flow and mass transport properties are key to defining the phenomenon more clearly. RESULTSAn efficient mechanism for mixing the two-phase flow is required to enhance the interaction between the gas and microorganisms. Gas flow must also be controlled to obtain a large residence time in the water basin and facilitate the microorganisms to maximize the usage of malodor-producing gases. One method of improving the gas residence time is by installing baffles in the water basin. However, the installation of baffles also limits the gas concentration distribution in the water basin. Placing a rotating drum in addition to the baffles may overcome the limitations on gas distribution in the water basin. Gas volume fractions, interfacial area per volume, and gas concentration are evaluated to observe the mixing and gas dissolution phenomenon. CONCLUSIONBefore practical implementation, a numerical study on the subject is required for various designs to investigate their effectiveness. Therefore, the present study uses the Euler-Euler numerical scheme to model the gas-liquid flow with mass transport for various designs of water basin. Results show that gas concentration is the most critical parameter in the case of two-phase bubbly flow. (c) 2015 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

Synergetic effect of adsorption on degradation of malachite green dye under blue LED irradiation using spiral‐shaped photocatalytic reactor

Jo, Wan‐,Kuen,Park, Gi Tae,Tayade, Rajesh J. John WileySons, Ltd 2015 Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology Vol.90 No.12

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P>The present study focus on the development and feasibility of a blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) source based slurry type spiral‐shaped photocatalytic reactor for degradation of malachite green (MG) dye using P25 Degussa TiO<SUB>2</SUB><SUB>.</SUB> The influence of operational parameters such as amount of catalyst loading, initial concentration of dye, and pH of the medium has been studied for optimization of MG dye degradation.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>The photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye under separate irradiation by blue and by ultraviolet LED was nearly the same (∼76%). The photocatalytic activity using blue LED irradiation was observed due to the synergistic effect of MG dye adsorption on P25 Degussa, which extends the spectral response of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> to the visible region (449 nm). The optimized degradation of 20 mg L<SUP>‐1</SUP> dye was observed at pH 8 using 0.5 g L<SUP>‐1</SUP> of catalyst under irradiation by ultraviolet and blue LEDs for 1 h and 3 h, respectively.</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P>It was found that the synergistic effect of adsorption of malachite green dye on TiO<SUB>2</SUB> surface helped to enhance photocatalytic degradation under blue LED irradiation. The application of a blue LED for photocatalytic degradation of malachite green dye is economical and feasible compared with use of an ultraviolet LED. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry</P>

Salt‐free production of γ‐aminobutyric acid from glutamate using glutamate decarboxylase separated from <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Dinh, Thu Huong,Ho, Ngoc Anh Thu,Kang, Taek Jin,McDonald, Karen A.,Won, Keehoon John WileySons, Ltd 2014 Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology Vol.89 No.9

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P><B>Gamma(γ)‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been used extensively in pharmaceuticals and functional foods and is also a building block for bioplastics. GABA is produced from glutamate through decarboxylation catalyzed by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). The reaction medium should be kept acidic because a pH rise resulting from the reaction inactivates the enzyme catalyst, which is active only at acidic pH. The use of conventional buffers and acids inevitably accompanies salts, which cause serious problems in separation and purification of GABA. In this work, we have applied heterogeneous solid acids for the first time</B>.</P> <P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P><B>The GAD‐catalyzed reaction was conducted in 0.2 mol L<SUP>−1</SUP> sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.6) with 1 mol L<SUP>−1</SUP> monosodium glutamate at 37 °C. When commercial cation‐exchange resins as solid acids were simply added to the reaction medium, the conversion improved from 13% to 67% without salt formation. Even when water was used as the reaction medium, acidic ion‐exchange resins enhanced the reaction conversion significantly</B>.</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P><B>In a salt‐free manner, acidic resins suppress the pH rise during the reaction so that they can enhance the reaction conversion. In addition, they can be recovered and reused easily after the reaction. Heterogeneous solid acids make the GABA production process more economical and eco‐friendly. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry</B></P>