The Effect of Mobile Neurofeedback Training in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Seo Young Kwon,Gyujin Seo,Mirae Jang,Hanbyul Shin,Wooseok Choi,You Bin Lim,Min-Sup Shin,Bung-Nyun Kim 대한정신약물학회 2024 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.22 No.1

Objective: To examine the effect of mobile neurofeedback training on the clinical symptoms, attention abilities, and execution functions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The participants were 74 children with ADHD aged 8−15 years who visited the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Seoul National University Children’s Hospital. The participants were randomly assigned to the mobile neurofeedback (n = 35) or control (sham; n = 39) group. Neurofeedback training was administered using a mobile app (equipped with a headset with a 2-channel electroencephalogram [EEG] sensor) for 30 min/day, 3 days/week, for 3 months. Children with ADHD were individually administered various neuropsychological tests, including the continuous performance test, Children’s Color Trails Test-1 and 2, and Stroop Color and Word Tests. The effects of mobile neurofeedback were evaluated at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after treatment initiation. Results: Following treatment, both mobile neurofeedback-only and sham-only groups showed significant improvements in attention and response inhibition. In the visual continuous performance test, omission errors decreased to the normal range in the mobile neurofeedback-only group after training, suggesting that mobile neurofeedback effectively reduced inattention in children with ADHD. In the advanced test of attention, auditory response times decreased in the mobile neurofeedback + medication group after training, but increased in the sham+medication group. Overall, there were no significant between-group differences in other performance outcomes. Conclusion: Mobile neurofeedback may have potential as an additional therapeutic option alongside medication for children with ADHD.

뉴로피드백을 이용한 명상훈련이 정상 성인의 기억과 집중력에 미치는 영향

정선용 ( Sun Yong Chung ),서진우 ( Jin Woo Seo ),김종우 ( Jong Woo Kim ),황의완 ( Wei Wan Whang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2008 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Objective : The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of breath meditation with neurofeedback on memory, concentration of healthy adult volunteers. Method : 25 healthy adult volunteers were divided into two groups. One group was treated with breath meditation and real neurofeedback, but the other group was administered with breath meditation and sham neurofeedback three times a week for 10 sessions. Before and after 10 sessions neurofeedback, all subjects were measured by cognitive functions assessment, heart rate variability, BDI, STAI, K-WAIS, HRSD, VAS about amnesia. Results : 1. Breath Meditation decreased error rate and increased concentration, cognition strength, and success rate of Cognitive Functions Assessment. Also, Breath Medication elevated IQ score of K-WAIS short form. 2. Sham neurofeedback increased concentration, cognition strength compared to Real neurofeedback. Conclusion : The results suggest that breath meditation might effect cognitive function of healthy adult positively, but neurofeedback is not clear. In order to prove whether neurofeedback is effective or not, it should be studied more.

A Neurofeedback Protocol for Executive Function to Reduce Depression and Rumination: A Controlled Study

Sheng-Hsiang Yu,Chao-Yuan Tseng,Wei-Lun Lin 대한정신약물학회 2020 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.3

Objective: Rumination is a maladaptive emotional-regulation strategy that is strongly associated with depression. Impaired executive function can lead to difficulties in disengaging from rumination, thus exacerbating depression. In this study, we inspect an electroencephalograph neurofeedback protocol that enhance the target peak alpha frequency (PAF) activation in the prefrontal region. We examine the protocol’s effects on depression and rumination. Methods: We randomly assigned 30 dysphoric participants into either the neurofeedback training group or the control group. We then evaluated their depression, rumination, and executive function at pre- and posttraining so as to examine the effects of the neurofeedback. Results: The results show that this neurofeedback protocol can specifically enhance participants’ target PAF. The participants’ executive function performances significantly improved after undergoing 20 neurofeedback sessions. Compared with those in the control group, those in the neurofeedback group had significantly fewer depressive symptoms and significantly reduced rumination. Moreover, as target PAF and executive function improved, depression and rumination both declined. Conclusion: Our data are in line with those of previous studies that indicated a relationship between upper-band alpha activity and executive function. This PAF neurofeedback can effectively enhance participants’ executive function, which can reduce rumination and ameliorate depression. This neurofeedback training is based on basic cognitive neuroscience, so it sheds light on depression’s pathological factors and etiology

게임 프로그램을 이용한 상지 재활 치료에서 뉴로 피드백의 유무에 따른 뇌파의 변화

손지은,임현미,구정훈 한국재활복지공학회 2019 재활복지공학회논문지 Vol.13 No.3

In this study a game based upper extremity rehabilitation training with neurofeedback giving the level of the concentration was performed and the changes of the brain with and without neurofeedback were examined. In the condition with neurofeedback, the score was not obtained if the concentration was lower than the certain value, but the score was obtained irrespective of the concentration in the condition without neurofeedback. As a result, the mean of EEG power in Low Beta, High Beta, Gamma and SMR increased significantly after neurofeedback. Therefore, rehabilitation therapy combined with neurofeedback can be more effective for the rehabilitation training by making the patient more immersed in the experiment and maintaining the brain activation after the experiment. 본 연구에서는 집중도를 반영하는 뉴로 피드백이 접목된 게임 프로그램을 이용한 상지 재활 치료 훈련을 실시하였으며 뉴로 피드백 유무에 따른 뇌의 변화를 알아보았다. 뉴로 피드백이 있는 조건에서는 집중도가 일정 수치보다 낮으면 점수를 얻지 못하지만 뉴로 피드백이 없는 조건에서는 집중도와 상관없이 점수를 얻을 수 있도록 구성하였다. 그 결과 뉴로 피드백 있을 때 실험 전보다 후에 Low Beta, High Beta, Gamma, SMR에서 뇌파값 평균이 크게 상승하였다. 따라서 뉴로 피드백을 접목한 재활 치료 훈련은 환자가 실험에 더 몰입할 수 있고 실험이 끝난 후에도 뇌 활성화가 계속 유지되도록 만들어서 재활 훈련에 더 큰 효과를 줄 수 있을 것이다.

Modest Effects of Neurofeedback-Assisted Meditation Using a Wearable Device on Stress Reduction: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Controlled Study

Lee Eunyoung,Hong Jung Kyung,Choi Hayun,Yoon In-Young 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.9

Background: To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of a neurofeedback wearable device for stress reduction. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, controlled study was designed. Participants had psychological stress with depression or sleep disturbances. They practiced either neurofeedback-assisted meditation (n = 20; female, 15 [75.0%]; age, 49.40 ± 11.76 years) or neurofeedback non-assisted meditation (n = 18; female, 11 [61.1%]; age, 48.67 ± 12.90 years) for 12 minutes twice a day for two weeks. Outcome variables were self-reported questionnaires, including the Korean version of the Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and State Trait Anxiety Index, quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG), and blood tests. Satisfaction with device use was measured at the final visit. Results: The experimental group had a significant change in PSS score after two weeks of intervention compared with the control group (6.45 ± 0.95 vs. 3.00 ± 5.54, P = 0.037). State anxiety tended to have a greater effect in the experimental group than in the control group (P = 0.078). Depressive mood and sleep also improved in each group, with no significant difference between the two groups. There were no significant differences in stress-related physiological parameters, such as stress hormones or qEEG, between the two groups. Subjective device satisfaction was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P = 0.008). Conclusion: Neurofeedback-assisted meditation using a wearable device can help improve subjective stress reduction compared with non-assisted meditation. These results support neurofeedback as an effective adjunct to meditation for relieving stress.

뉴로피드백의 발달과정 및 미래전망

최승원 ( Sung Won Choi ) 국제뇌교육종합대학원대학교 뇌교육연구소 2010 뇌교육연구 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 두뇌 훈련 기법 중 하나인 뉴로피드백의 발전과정을 살펴보면서 앞으로의 발전방향을 예측하고자 하는데 있다. 뉴로피드백은 뇌과학자들의 연구를 통해 점진적으로 발전해 오다가 몇 명의 선구적인 임상가들을 만나 그 응용의 폭이 폭발적으로 증대되었다. 이러한 발전으로 인해 다양한 방식의 뉴로피드백 방법들이 등장하게 되었으며, 훈련의 효과를 증진시키기 위한 다양한 시도들이 계속되고 있다. 앞으로 뉴로피드백이 뇌과학의 한 분야로 정립되기 위해서는 효과검증과 함께 치료기전에 대한 분석이 동반되어야 할 것이다. The aim of this study is to review the history of Neurofeedback which one of the brain train method and to predict the future of Neurofeedback. It is the result of brain scientists` effort that neurofeedback have developed gradually. After the period, the rapid progress in applied settings was made by some pioneers. Thanks to them, various kinds of neurofeedback modalities were born and the innovation is still ongoing. The validation of treatment effect and the investigation on the mechanism should be continued for neurofeedback to be one of the mainstream of brain science.

뉴로 피드백을 활용한 명상 콘텐츠 기술 및 연구 동향

최민호,배장한,김재욱 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2023 한국디지털콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.24 No.11

산업화 및 도시화가 진행됨에 따라 현대인의 정신 건강 케어가 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있으며, 이에 대한 방안 중 하나로 명상이 활용되고 있다. 또한 명상에 대한 일반인의 접근성을 높이기 위하여 IT 기술과 결합된 다양한 형태의 디지털 명상 콘텐츠들이 제안되고 있고, 그중 일부에서는 뉴로 피드백을 접목하여 명상의 효과를 높이기 위한 시도가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 명상을 위한 뉴로 피드백 기술 개발에 활용될 수 있도록, 뉴로 피드백과 결합된 디지털 명상 콘텐츠의 현황, 기술 개발을 위해 활용 가능한 장비, 그리고 관련 연구 동향에 대하여 소개하고 기술 개발을 위해 고려해야 할 요소들을 정리하여 제시하였다. 기술 구현에 필요한 요소들에 대한 전반적인 이해를 돕고 활용 가능한 리소스를 빠르게 파악할 수 있도록 연구 내용을 기술하였으며, 이를 토대로 사용자의 순응도와 정신 케어 효과가 높은 뉴로 피드백 기반의 디지털 명상 콘텐츠들이 개발되기를 기대한다. As modern society advances toward industrialization and urbanization, the mental health care for individuals has become a significant concern. One solution to address this matter is incorporating meditation in daily life. Various forms of digital meditation contents combined with information technology (IT) have been proposed to enhance the accessibility of meditation for the general public. Some of these efforts focus on incorporating neurofeedback methodology to enhance the effects of meditation. This study provides the current status of digital meditation content integrated with neurofeedback techniques and compatible commercial devices, along with relevant research trends to advance the neurofeedback-based approach to meditation. Finally, we provide an overview of the essential elements required for technical implementation and outline the available resources for quick utilization to help improve meditation efficiency. Based on this groundwork, we look forward to developing neurofeedback-based digital meditation content that promotes user engagement and mental well-being.

뉴로피드백을 이용한 불면장애 치료: EEG Beta 감소 프로토콜

전정은,최승원 한국임상심리학회 2017 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.36 No.3

According to the "hyper-arousal" model of primary insomnia (PI), insomnia patients experience heightened physiological and cognitive arousal compared to normal people during both sleep and wakefulness. Previous studies have reported that insomnia patients show more high frequency electroencephalogram (EEG) signals than normal people. This suggests that hyper- arousal in insomnia, reflected in the high frequency EEG pattern, results in non-restorative sleep. Specifically, hyperarousal in PI results in increased beta activity that is associated with cortical arousal, resulting in non-restorative sleep. This study aimed to verify the efficacy of a beta-decrease neurofeedback (NF) protocol for insomnia. Participants were randomly assigned to an NF treatment or a wait-list control group. The NF treatment group received 10 sessions of NF (n=5), and the wait-list control group (n=9) group received no treatment. We compared the following parameters pre-and post-treatment, as well as 2-weeks following the final treatment: resting state EEG (eye-open, EO; eye-closed, EC), heart rate variability (HRV), sleep scales, sleep diaries, and Smart Wearable Device data. Results showed significantly decreased beta power, HRV, SL (sleep latency), sleep scale scores, increased alpha power, TST (total sleep time), SE (sleep effectiveness), and sleep satisfaction in the wait-list control group compared with the NF group. This study is the first neurofeedback protocol using “Beta power” as a marker of neurophysiological arousal in insomnia. Our findings provide new evidence for the efficacy of Beta in decreasing insomnia symptoms and add to the range of non-pharmacological insomnia intervention choices for pregnant, psychopharmacotherapy-resistant, and older people. Neurofeedback not only provides control of insomnia symptoms but also results in a decreased risk of psychological comorbidities. This study found improved insomnia symptoms after only 10 sessions of NF. Fast remission of insomnia symptoms may reinforce patients’ motivations for treatment, is more cost-effective, and can result in reduced treatment times.

뉴로피드백과 한방치료를 병행한 주의력결핍 과다행동장애 치료 1례

김진형 ( Jin Hyung Kim ),오용렬 ( Yong Leol Oh ),이종화 ( Jong Hwa Lee ),김태헌 ( Tae Heon Kim ),류영수 ( Yeong Soo Lyu ),강형원 ( Hyung Won Kang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2006 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder, characterized by the primary symptoms of inattention and/or impulsivity and hyperactivity. This study is a clinical report of 1 ADHD child treated with typical Oriental Medical Therapy(Herb-med, acupunture, etc.) in Combination with Neurofeedback. Conner`s parent rating scale, ADHD Diagnostic System were compared between before and after treatment. The results show the typical Oriental Medical Therapy in Combination with Neurofeedback is efficient in the treatment of ADHD.

학교폭력에 노출된 후 발생한 흉통환자 1례(例)에 대한 Neurofeedback과 한방치료 병행 치험례(治驗例)

박소정 ( So Jeong Park ),변순임 ( Soon Im Byun ),김상호 ( Sang Ho Kim ),박종훈 ( Jong Hoon Park ),김종우 ( Jong Woo Kim ),황의완 ( Wei Wan Hwang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2005 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.16 No.2