미국의 스마트시티에 관한 연구개발 동향과 시사점

이우진 한국토지법학회 2018 土地法學 Vol.34 No.2

In this study, I would like to introduce an overview of smart city and its economic effects. Smart City may have a variety of ideas, such as smart energy, smart buildings, health care, traffic system administrative services, and the use of crime or disasters. Meanwhile, 70 percent of the world's population will be concentrated in cities by 2050, and smart city construction is urgently needed to address various issues such as energy efficiency, environmental issues and improved administrative services. The global smart city market is also expected to reach about $1.56 trillion by 2020. Next, smart city projects in the United States are introduced. The U.S. government announced in September 2015 the Smart Cities initiative, which will cost 160 million dollars, and has started to establish a smart city. Therefore, I think it would be very beneficial for us to look at the US government's actions and the R & D cases. As a result of the review, the U.S. is aiming to increase its exports and improve its international leadership based on its improved competitiveness through the creation of smart cities. In addition, the U.S. policy on smart cities is being pursued in a way that will lead each community to solve the problems. In addition, the U.S. has established a number of cross-departmental programs and partnerships with corporations, governments, and academia to support smart city technology development and smart city creation. This study of the U.S. situation is very meaningful because it can help us set up our Smart City policy and research direction. 이 연구에서는 미국의 스마트시티에 관한 연구개발 동향과 그 시사점에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위하여 우선 스마트 시티의 개요와 경제 효과에 대해서 소개하고자 한다. 스마트 시티는 다양한 구상이 있을 수 있는데, 스마트 에너지, 스마트 빌딩, 헬스 케어, 교통 시스템 행정 서비스, 방범이나 재해의 활용 등이 기대되고 있다. 한편 2050년에는 세계 인구의 70%가 도시로 집중된다고 하는데, 에너지 효율, 환경 문제, 행정 서비스의 향상 등 다양한 문제에 대응하기 위해서 스마트 시티의 구축이 시급하다. 경제적 효과도 커, 세계의 스마트 시티 시장 규모는 2020년까지 약 1조 5,650억 달러에 이를 것으로 전망된다. 다음으로 미국의 스마트 시티 프로젝트를 소개한다. 미 연방정부는 1억6000만 달러를 투입하는 Smart Cities 이니셔티브를 2015년 9월 발표하면서 본격적인 스마트시티 구축에 나섰다. 따라서 이와 관련한 미국 정부의 대처와 그에 따른 연구 개발 사례들을 살펴보는 것이 우리에게 매우 유익할 것으로 생각한다. 검토 결과, 미국이 노리는 것은 스마트시티 조성을 통하여 향상된 경쟁력을 바탕으로 수출을 늘리고 미국의 국제적 리더십을 높이고자 하는데 있다. 또한 미국의 스마트시티 정책은 각 지역사회가 문제해결을 주도하는 방식으로 진행되고 있다. 또한 미국은 스마트시티 기술 개발과 조성을 지원하기 위해 부처 횡단형 프로그램을 다수 창설하고 산ㆍ관ㆍ학이 제휴하여 대응해 나가고 있다. 이러한 미국의 상황에 대한 연구는 우리에게 시사하는 바가 매우 크며 특히 스마트시티 정책과 연구 방향 설정에 많은 도움을 줄 수 있다고 하겠다.

스마트도시에 대한 토지공법적 고찰

임현(Im, Hyun) 한국토지공법학회 2020 土地公法硏究 Vol.92 No.-

Smart City is a comprehensive platform that applies the convergence technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and is attracting attention from countries around the world as a solution to urban problems and a sustainable city model. In our case, Act on the Promotion of Smart City Development and Industry regulates the content of smart cities, but there are still many tasks to secure the successful introduction and sustainability of smart cities. This thesis presented the problems and improvement measures of the smart city Act from the perspective of the public land law. First, it is necessary to improve the rules for the procedure for establishing smart city plans. Specifically, the authority to establish a smart city plan needs to be granted to autonomous districts of regional local governments, and a public hearing procedure is required when plan is established. Regarding the regulatory sandbox, it was mentioned that the relationship between the smart innovation project and the smart demonstration project needs to be clearly structured, and unnecessary redundant regulations need to be legislated. Finally, it was pointed out that for the realization of a smart city, it is necessary to consider buildings or facilities in the legal system, and intelligent buildings in the Building Act are representative examples, and legal maintenance and supplementation are necessary. It is hoped that the smart city will realize its original purpose of solving urban problems, improving the quality of life for citizens, and pursuing a sustainable city through continuous legislative improvement on smart cities. 스마트도시는 4차산업혁명의 융복합 기술을 적용하는 종합 플랫폼으로 도시문제의 해결과 지속가능한 도시 모델로 세계 각국이 관심을 가지고 있다. 우리의 경우 ｢스마트도시 조성 및 산업진흥에 관한 법률｣에서 스마트도시에 관한 내용을 규율하고 있는데, 스마트도시의 성공적 실현과 지속가능성을 확보하기 위해서는 아직 많은 과제가 남아있다. 이 논문은 토지공법적 관점에서 현행 ｢스마트도시 조성 및 산업진흥에 관한 법률｣의 문제점과 개선방안을 제시하였다. 먼저 스마트도시의 추진을 위한 계획의 수립절차에 대한 규정이 충실히 마련되는 것이 필요하다. 구체적으로는 스마트도시계획의 수립권한이 광역지방자치단체의 자치구에도 부여되고 계획수립시 공청회 절차가 의무화될 필요가 있다. 다음으로 규제샌드박스와 관련하여서는 스마트혁신사업과 스마트실증사업의 관계가 명확하게 체계화될 필요가 있으며, 불필요한 중복 규제가 입법적으로 정비될 필요성이 있음을 언급하였다. 마지막으로 스마트도시의 구현을 위해 건축물이나 시설 등에 대한 고려가 법제에서 이루어지는 것이 필요하며, ｢건축법｣상 지능형 건축물은 그 대표적인 예에 해당하고 이에 대한 법적 정비와 보완이 필요함을 지적하였다. 스마트도시에 관한 지속적인 입법적 개선을 통해 스마트도시가 도시문제 해결, 시민의 삶의 질 제고 및 지속가능한 도시의 추구라는 원래의 목적을 실현하길 기대한다.

스마트시티 인덱스 프레임워크 연구 - 국내 공공기관 개발 인덱스의 통합 및 연계 가능성을 바탕으로 -

김주만(Kim, Juman),이강은(Yi, Kang Eun),서명원(Seo, Myeongwon),신중호(Shin, Jung Ho),김도년(Kim, Donyun) 대한건축학회 2021 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.37 No.11

Many cities around the world are adopting smart city as a new urban model. In this context, smart city indexes are becoming more important for assessing and evaluating smart cities. A number of smart city indexes were developed in Korea in the past few years, by different entities for different purposes and with no relation to each other. From a user’s perspective, this led to difficulty in understanding smart city indexes and also reduced the usefulness and effectiveness of various indexes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the smart city indexes currently being developed in Korea, and present a comprehensive framework that can integrate and link these smart city indexes. First, we define ‘result-centric’ and ‘process-centric’ evaluation structures for smart city indexes based on literature research. Second, the features and structures of smart city indexes under development were analyzed to develop a comprehensive framework for all smart city indexes, with focus on the indexes from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Third, the concept of smart city index framework is presented, in which various smart city indexes can be organized and utilized. This framework is expected to provide better understanding of different smart city indexes in Korea, and enable better usage and communication among different users of these indexes to address various economic, environmental, social, and other urban issues.

The Planning Elements of the Sea Port City Regeneration Applying Smart

Keunhyung KIM,Yung-Cheol BYUN,Sung-Back KIM 제주대학교 관광과경영경제연구소 2020 産經論集 Vol.40 No.3

Purpose: The Smart City Project aims to secure the sustainability of cities with many social problems and to improve the lives of urban residents. However, the implementation tasks and methods for realizing a smart city may vary depending on the situation of each city. If you can determine the priority and appropriate methods of each project in the smart city project, you can increase the chances of smart city implementation success. In this paper, we proposed a decision model based on AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) that can identify the priority of each tasks that can be included in the smart city project and the appropriate methods for driving forward each task. The proposed decision model was applied in consideration of the situation of Jeju Smart City and suggested implications through expert surveys and analysis. Research design, data and methodology: The proposed decision model is designed to apply the AHP and has a structure including three-tier factors. In the proposed decision model, the first tier corresponds to the driving area of the smart city, the second tier corresponds to the driving task, and the third tier corresponds to the deriving method. The proposed decision model was applied to the Jeju Smart City project. In the Jeju Smart City decision model, evaluation factors in each tier were derived through literature review and expert brainstorming. As an example of applying the decision model for Jeju Smart City, tourism, resident life, and industry were derived as the promotion areas included in the first tier. The promotion tasks included in the 2nd tier include electric vehicle diffusion, energy development, MaaS, safety, and garbage. Big data platform and block chain special zone were derived. As the promotion methods for each project, the government-led, private enterprise-led, join-up, and living labs were drawn. The proposed decision model can be customized for each city s situation. Conclusions: The most important driving area in Jeju Smart City was the area of resident life. The tasks of high importance were in the field of safety and garbage. As for the method of deriving tasks in the project, the proportion of the government (public) lead was high. The decision model proposed in this paper can be customized for other smart city projects and used.

스마트 빌딩 관련 법제도적 전략 - 영국에서의 관련 정책을 참고하여

김용훈(Kim, Yonghoon) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2020 法學硏究 Vol.64 No.-

제4차 산업혁명의 도래로 말미암아 많은 국가들은 이에 대한 적극적인 대응을 모색하고 있는 것이 사실이다. 특히 이와 관련하여 최근 주목을 받고 있는 것이 바로 스마트시티이다. 도시를 보다 효율적으로 활용하기 위한 방안에 대한 고민이 본격화됨에 따라 등장한 이슈가 바로 당해 스마트시티인 것이다. 그런데 최근에는 스마트시티에서 나아가 이에 대하여 필수적으로 연계되어 설계되어야 하는 스마트빌딩에 대한 관심 역시 상당히 높아지고 있다. 지금까지의 도시 관리는 인구의 유입과 이로 말미암은 형식적 문제의 해결 그리고 건설, 시설 등 주로 하드웨어적인 사항에 집중하였던 것이 사실이다. 하지만 도시로의 인구 유입의 폭발적인 증가와 이로 말미암은 도시 관련 문제의 복잡한 양상 나아가 도시 운영에 있어 빅데이터와 사물인터넷 등 전혀 새로운 기술이 필수적으로 요구됨에 따라 도시의 실효적인 관리와 운영을 위한 개념으로 스마트시티라는 것이 등장하기에 이른 것이다. 이를 통하여 실제적으로 도시에 대한 보다 체계적이고 실효적인 운영체제를 확보할 수 있는 기반이 마련되고 있으며 나아가 범죄의 효과적인 예방과 같은 안전 관련 쟁점도 중요해지고 있다. 우리 역시 스마트시티 정책의 추진을 위하여 법률을 제정하였는데 “스마트도시 조성 및 산업진흥 등에 관한 법률”이 그것이다. 스마트시티의 개념을 전제로 관련 정책을 추진하는 당해 법률 제정 자체의 의의를 인정할 수 있지만, 당해 법률 상 정부가 관련 정책의 주요한 행위자로 등장하고 있다는 점에서 기존 다른 정책에 있어서의 입장을 그대로 답습하고 있다는 평가가 가능하다. 즉 당해 법률에서는 국가와 지방자치단체가 관련 사업을 주도하고 스마트시티와 관련한 이슈들을 나열식으로 규정하고 있다는 점에서 효과적인 민간 기술 활용 방안을 확보하고 있다고 볼 수는 없다. 당해 지점에서 스마트시티 나아가 스마트빌딩의 도입과 관리를 위하여 보다 다각적인 입장을 고수하고 있는 영국의 경험을 참고할 수 있다. 영국은 스마트시티 혹은 스마트빌딩의 도입기에 있어 거시적인 방향성을 제시하는 가운데 민간 기술의 적극적인 활용을 위한 고민을 거듭 하고 있기 때문이다. 새로운 기술의 개발과 활용이 중요한 영역의 경우 정부가 주도권을 가지는 가운에 민간 업체의 제한적인 참여를 규정하는 법률에서의 기존 입장은 극복될 필요성이 상당한 것이다. It is true that with the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution, many countries are taking many active actions for the revolution. In particular, it is ‘Smart City’ that has recently attracted much attention in this regard. The issue of smart city has emerged as primary concerns about how to make the use of the city more efficiently. Recently, however, interest in ‘Smart Building,’ which must be considered in connection with smart cities policy, has also increased considerably. And it is reasonable to argue that urban management has so far focused mainly on hardware issues such as the adoption of construction/facilities technology and settlement of formal problems due to the influx of population into the cities. However, the explosive increase in population inflow into cities has led to the necessity of the smart cities as a tool for effective management of cities, as the important means to deal with urban-related problems and completely new technologies such as big data and the Internet of Things which are essential for city operation. Thus the discussion concerning with the smart city provides a foundation for securing a more systematic and effective operating system for cities in practice, and it is possible to discuss safety-related issues such as the effective prevention of crimes which are becoming more important throughout the discussion on smart city. Furthermore, as one of the most important things in the adoption of smart city is the smart building, it is inevitable to discuss the issues on smart city concerning with the smart city policy. We also enacted laws to promote smart city policies, such as the Act on the Creation of Smart Cities and the Promotion of Industry. Although it is possible to recognize the significance of the Act itself, which secures the relevant policies on the premise of the concept of smart city, it is possible to assess that the government is following its position like other existing policies in that they are emerging as major actors in the relevant policies. In other words, it cannot be said that the central government and local governments have secured effective ways to utilize private technologies, given that the law stipulates that the central government and local governments are primary actors to monopolize the related projects and issues related to smart city. In this regard, it is reasonable to refer to the British experience of sticking to a more diverse position for the introduction and management of smart city and building. This is because the UK is repeatedly considering the active use of private technology whilst the government presents only comprehensive direction in the introduction of smart city or smart building. In areas where the development and utilization of new technologies are important, the existing position in the concerned law that limits the participation of private entities needs to be overcome even though it is necessary to admit that the government should have the leadership.

Exploiting IoT and big data analytics: Defining Smart Digital City using real-time urban data

Rathore, M. Mazhar,Paul, Anand,Hong, Won-Hwa,Seo, HyunCheol,Awan, Imtiaz,Saeed, Sharjil Elsevier 2018 Sustainable cities and society Vol.40 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Integration of all smart systems (such as smart home, smart parking, etc.) and the IoT devices (such as sensors, actuators, and smartphones) in the city can play a vital role to develop the urban services by building their city digital and smarter. However, interconnection of lots of IoT objects to collect urban data over the Internet to launch a smart digital city, effects vast volume of data generation, termed as Big Data. Thus, it is a challenging task to integrate IoT devices and smart systems in order to harvest and process such big amount of real-time city data in an effective manner aimed at creating a Smart Digital City. Therefore, in this paper, we have established an IoT-based Smart City by using Big Data analytics while harvesting real-time data from the city. We used sensors’ deployment including sensors at smart home, smart parking, vehicular networking, surveillance, weather and water monitoring system, etc., for real time data collection. The complete system is described by its proposed architecture and implementation prototype using Hadoop ecosystem in a real environment. In addition, the Smart Digital City services are extended by developing the intelligent Smart Transportation System by means of big graph processing to facilitate citizens while providing real-time traffic information and alerts. The proposed system consists of number of stages including data generation and collection, aggregation, filtration, classification, preprocessing, computing, and decision making. The efficiency of the system is extended by applying Big Data processing using Apache Spark over Hadoop. Whereas, the big city graph processing is achieved by using Giraph over Hadoop. The system is practically implemented by taken existing smart systems and IoT devices as city data sources to develop the Smart Digital City. The proposed system is evaluated with respect to efficiency in terms of scalability and real-time data processing.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Data Generation, Collection, Aggregation, Filtration, Classification, Preprocessing Computing and Decision Making. </LI> <LI> Impementation of Smart IoT based Digital City using Real-Time Urban Data. </LI> <LI> Big Data Analytics for City Planning using Hadoop Ecosystem. </LI> <LI> Big Graph Processing for Traffic Information and Alert. </LI> <LI> System is Evaluated for its Scalability and Real-time Data Processing. </LI> </UL> </P>

스마트 주차장 확산을 위한 주차장 조례 연구

손형섭(Son, Hyeung-Soeb) 한국비교공법학회 2017 공법학연구 Vol.18 No.3

종래 U-City는 유비쿼터스 네트워크를 구성하여 이를 도시 환경과 접목시킨 도시 모델로 그동안은 국토교통부 중심으로 정보통신기술을 통한 도시 현안 해결에 집중했지만, 스마트 시티는 ICT 분야에 근간을 두고 사물인터넷, 빅데이터, 인공지능 등 첨단기술이 융복합을 통해 도시 행정, 교육, 복지 등 다양한 분야의 효율성을 높이고, 시민에게 편리한 스마트 서비스를 제공하기 위해 중앙과 지방이 적극 협력하는 도시 모델을 의미한다. 이 논문은 이러한 스마트 시티 활성화를 위한 제도의 하나로서 스마트 주차장을 구현하기 위한 조례 등에 관한 연구이다. 스마트 주차장은 ICT 정보통신망을 이용해 주차 관련 정보를 통합 관리하여 실시간으로 제공하고 유휴주차장을 합리적으로 공동 이용할 수 있는 주차장을 의미한다. 도심의 주차장 문제는 주로 특정 지역, 특정 시간대의 구조적인 주차난이 문제이며, 이를 해결하기 위해 ① 주차시설의 확충 및 근본적인 대책은 물론 주차 유발 건축물의 도심 외각 분산과 ② 이미 확충된 유휴 주차시설 정보를 제공하여 주차시설의 합리적인 이용을 도모할 필요가 있다. 이러한 스마트 주차장은 도심의 주차난을 해결하고 시민들이 도심지에서 주차시설을 효과적으로 이용하는데 기여할 것이다. 따라서 스마트 주차장을 효율적으로 이용할 수 있는 모델과 이를 추진할 동력으로 지방자치단체의 조례를 검토할 수 있다. 헌법과 주차장법에 근거하여 단일 조례의 제정이나 주차장 조례의 개정을 통하여 실현할 수 있다. 검토할 사항으로는 각 시에서 주차장정보안내시스템을 운용할 때 시설투자에 비해 얼마나 시민들에게 편리한 스마트 주차장 서비스를 제공할 수 있느냐이다. 스마트폰 등의 내비게이션과 앱이 연결되어 정보를 제공하고 분석 관리할 수 있는 거버넌스가 필요하다. 공영주차장은 물론 민간주차장들도 자발적으로 스마트 주차장에 참여하여 주차장 정보를 제공․수령하여 합리적으로 활용하고, 이를 위한 사업 및 인센티브 수수도 가능하도록 검토할 수 있다. 이러한 스마트 주차장 모델이 스마트 시티를 구현하는 좋은 모델이 되어 시민들의 편의와 도시의 합리적인 관리와 운영에 기여하기를 바란다. Conventionally, U-City is a city model that combines ubiquitous network with urban environment, focusing on the settlement of urban issues through information and communication technology centered on Ministry of Land Transport. However, Smart City is based on ICT, Big Data, AI, and other advanced technologies to enhance efficiency in various areas such as urban administration, education, and welfare through fusion and to provide smart services convenient for citizens. This paper is a study on the regulations for the implementation of smart parking lot as one of the system for activation of Smart City. Smart parking means a parking system that provides integrated management of parking related information using ICT network and provides real-time information and can reasonably use idle parking spaces. The problem of parking in the city center is mainly the problem of structured parking in a specific area or a certain time zone. To solve this problem, ① it is necessary to use fundamental measures such as the expansion of parking facilities as well as the dispersion of parking-induced buildings on the inner city center, And ② it is necessary to plan smart and reasonable use of parking facilities. This Smart Parking System will help solve urban parking problems and contribute to the effective use of parking facilities in urban areas by citizens. Therefore, we can review or enact the ordinances of local governments as a model that can utilize smart parking efficiently and as a driving force for this. It can be realized through the enactment of a single ordinance or the amendment of the parking ordinance based on the Constitution and the PARKING LOT ACT. What should be considered is how to provide a smart parking service that is convenient for citizens, compared to facility investment at each city. It is necessary to have governance to provide information and analyze and manage the navigation of apps such as smart phones. Public parks as well as private parks are voluntarily participating in smart parking systems, so that they can receive parking information to make reasonable use of them, and be considered projects and incentives for them. We hope that this Smart parking model will become a good model to implement Smart City, contributing to the convenience of citizens and rational management and operation of the city.

스마트시티 개념을 이용한 중소도시재생계획에 대한 연구

유승호,김용승,김소연 대한건축학회 2019 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.35 No.9

The concept of smart city is understood as an indispensable component of urban regeneration projects in small cities in terms of providing a better urban environment and efficient living systems with a limited budget. Recently, the Korean government revised the law that related to the construction of the smart city and started to implement the smart city concept not only to new-large urban development but also to small-existed regeneration projects. However, it is difficult for small and medium-sized cities that are suffering from the insufficient professional workforce; knowledge supports for high-tech and lack of professional networks to proceed smart city planning and project that containing regional characteristics. This paper aims to examine the effective way of urban regeneration for small and medium-sized cities through smart city planning and strategy. As an important case, this paper looks at the 'Smart City Challenge' competition that was hosted by the US Department of Transportation in 2015. It examines the background and operation process of the smart city challenge competition, and then analyses each city’s strategy and characteristics of seven finalists. This paper highlights the several key lessons to Korean cities: 1) the importance of national government’s support in financial and professional resources; 2) the cooperation with local governments and IT corporations which provides realistic and detailed technical solutions; 3) the holistic and integrated approach to urban regeneration starting from transportation issues; 4) the necessity of the government’s clear visions and guidelines toward the smart city. 스마트시티 개념은 제한된 예산으로 효과적인 도시환경 변화와 편리한 생활시스템을 제공할 수 있다는 측면에서 중소도시 도시재생사업의 필수 불가결한 요소로 이해되고 있다.  한정된 예산, 부족한 전문 인력, 첨단 기술지원 조직과 전문 네트워크 부재에 시달리는 중소도시들이 지역의 특성에 맞는 스마트시티 계획과 프로젝트 발굴, 기술적용을 진행하는 것은 현실적으로 어려운 부분이 많다. 본 연구에서는 중소도시들이 각 도시의 지역적 문제들과 현대 도시들이 공통으로 겪고 있는 일자리 창출, 교통, 에너지, 기후변화 대응 등의 문제들을 스마트시티 프로젝트를 통해 어떻게 해결해 나갈 수 있는지를 2015년 미국 연방 교통부(US Department of Transportation)에서 추진한 스마트시티챌린지 (Smart City Challenge) 공모전을 통해서 파악하고자 한다.

체감형 스마트시티 서비스에 대한 시민 인식도 연구

정석찬 부산연구원 2017 연구보고서 학연연구 Vol.2017 No.0

Smart cities using ICT are being built due to the prospect that the number of mega-cities with a population of 10 million or more will increase to 37 in 2025 with the rapid increase in the urban residence rate. Smart City is evaluated as an alternative to urban problems such as traffic congestion, crime and disaster, and energy depletion caused by the rapid increase of urban population and to improve urban competitiveness. This study analyzed the citizen’s perception for the Busan Smart City Test-bed project and sensible smart city services through two questionnaires. The usability, convenience, economy, urgency, diffusiveness, and publicness which are represented citizens’ perception of smart city service, were measured and analyzed. The results of this study are summarized as follows. The citizen awareness of Busan Smart City Test-bed project is low at rate of 40.5%. Therefore, it is necessary to improve citizens' awareness through systematic promotion of the Smart City project and Busan city’s policy. The usefulness of the Busan Smart City Test-bed project is highly perceived by the citizens and is in need to spread to the public works. However, as the intention to use the service as a fee is low, it is necessary to develop the smart city service necessary for real life by reflecting the citizen's requirements. The most preferred service for usability and diffusiveness is Smart Mobility Prevention Service (4.21) in the survey of six citizen’s perception categories of usability, convenience, economy, urgency, diffusiveness, and publicness among the 13 sensible smart city services. The smart parking (4.23) is the most preferred service for convenience and economy. The safety control service for the socially vulnerable and disadvantaged (4.13) and the smart street lamp (4.30) were the most preferred smart city services in terms of urgency and publicness, respectively. The average of six citizen’s perception variables for 13 sensible smart city services were 3.89 for publicness, 3.82for diffusiveness, 3.80 for usability, 3.80 for convenience, 3.66 for urgency and 3.05 for economy, respectively. It indicates that the citizens recognized that the sensible smart city services should also be built and spread to public works, though they are useful for living. However, it was found that services that are closely related to traffic and life safety could be charged.

스마트 빌딩, 스마트 시티의 법적 쟁점과 대비

송재일 사단법인 한국건설법무학회 2024 건설법무 Vol.10 No.1

오늘날 디지털 전환(Digital Transformation), 제4차 산업혁명(the Fourth Industrial Revolution) 시대에서 건물에도 디지털기술이 탑재되어 스마트화된 건물이 주를 이룰 것이고, 도시도 스마트시티가 될 것이다. 이 글은 스마트 빌딩, 스마트 시티로 인한 관련 법적 쟁점과 대비해야 할 점을 모색하여 보았다. 스마트 빌딩에서는 건물의 종류에 따른 인공지능 기술의 활용, 책임 문제, 공시방법, 스마트빌딩 인증제도 등의 쟁점을 생각해보았고, 스마트 시티에서는 스마트 시티의 개념과 스마트 시티가 제공하는 정보의 확대, 스마트 시티의 사업범위, 개인정보 침해문제, 규제 샌드박스 등을 주요 쟁점으로 보았다. 물론 관점에 따라서는 다른 쟁점도 충분히 더 생각할 수 있다. 한 가지 흥미로운 점은 스마트 빌딩이나 스마트 시티가 추구하는 목적과 본질에서 인간을 위한 삶의 질 향상을 추구한다는 점에서 공통점이 있다는 것이다. 비록 에너지, 환경, 건강, 안전, 복지, 네트워크 등 다양한 항목을 포함하고 있지만, 스마트 빌딩과 스마트 시티는 그 대상과 규모가 다를 뿐, 인간을 위한 디지털 기술과 데이터 활용이라는 점에서 추구하는 목표와 방법이 거의 같다. 따라서 스마트시티와 스마트빌딩은 서로 연계되어 발전함으로써 미래가치를 더욱 키워나갈 수 있다고 본다. Today, in the era of Digital Transformation and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, buildings will be equipped with digital technology and smart buildings will dominate, and cities will also become smart cities. This article explores legal issues related to smart buildings and smart cities and what needs to be addressed. For smart buildings, I picked up issues such as the use of artificial intelligence technology depending on the type of building, liability issues, disclosure methods, decision-making, and smart building certification systems. And for smart cities, I considered the concept of smart cities, expansion of information provided by smart cities, and smart city concepts. The scope of business, personal information infringement issues, and regulatory sandbox were seen as major issues. Of course, depending on your perspective, you can think about other issues as well. On top of that, I focused that the purpose and essence of smart buildings and smart cities have something in common in that they seek to improve the quality of life for humans. Although they include various items such as energy, environment, health, safety, welfare, and networks, smart buildings and smart cities are different in their object and scale, and the goals and methods pursued in terms of utilizing digital technology and data for humans. Both are almost identical in purpose and essence. Therefore, I suggested that smart cities and smart buildings can further increase their future value by developing in conjunction with each other.