작은도서관 협력 네트워크의 효과에 관한 연구

이정호(Jeong-Ho Lee) 충남대학교 사회과학연구소 2014 사회과학연구 Vol.25 No.2

This study aims to analyze a network effectiveness of small libraries. Data for the analysis were collected by conducting the survey with the small libraries in Bucheon region. In order to analyze the network effectiveness, this study used social network analysis methods and multiple regression. This study results are summarized as follow. There was no significant network effectiveness of degree centrality in full network. Closeness centrality had significant negatively effect on productivity while positively fulfillment in information collaboration network and program sharing network. Betweenness centrality negatively effect on adaptability in information collaboration network while positively effect on productivity in program sharing network. In ego-centric network, degree centrality significantly effect on productivity in co-business network. And closeness centrality effect on fulfillment in information collaboration network and program sharing network. Betweenness centrality significantly effect on fulfillment in co-business network.

자원봉사조직의 네트워크 특성이 조직효과성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

최유미(Choi You-Mi),심성지(Shim Seong-Jie) 한국비영리학회 2008 한국비영리연구 Vol.6 No.3

  본 연구는 우리나라 자원봉사조직의 네트워크의 특성을 파악하고, 자원봉사조직의 네트워크의 특성이 조직효과성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 실증적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 연구방법은 우편설문조사를 사용하였으며, 조사대상은 전국 광역ㆍ특별ㆍ도, 시, 구ㆍ군 248개 자원봉사조직을 대상으로 설문회수 된 131부(특별ㆍ광역ㆍ도 14부, 시 32부, 구ㆍ군 85부)를 분석에 사용하였다. 수집된 자료를 분석하기 위해 SPSS 12.0을 사용하여 빈도분석, 교차분석, t-검증, 일원배치분산분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 수행하였다.<BR>  본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자원봉사조직의 속성(지역, 조직, 기관장)이 네트워크의 특성(구조적, 상호작용적, 기능적)에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 지역특성은 네트워크 특성에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 자원봉사 조직, 기관장 특성과 네트워크 특성과의 관계를 분석한 결과 네트워크의 구조적 특성의 하위변인인 ‘네트워크 규모’에는 ‘운영기간’과 ‘상근인력 수’, ‘기관장의 학력’이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, ‘네트워크의 밀도’에는 ‘예산’, ‘네트워크의 과정’, ‘운영주체’, ‘기관장의 업무경력’, ‘학력’이 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한, 네트워크의 상호작용적 특성의 하위변인인 ‘네트워크 사업 내용의 수’에는 ‘예산’, ‘운영주체’, ‘기관장의 업무경력’, ‘학력’이, ‘상호호혜성’에는 ‘예산’과 ‘네트워크 과정’, ‘기관장의 업무경력’, ‘성별’이 그리고 ‘상호작용의 빈도’에는 ‘운영기간’, ‘네트워크 과정’, ‘운영주체’, ‘기관장의 업무경력’, ‘학력’이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 네트워크의 기능적 특성인 ‘자원의 충분성’에는 ‘네트워크에 대한 태도’, ‘운영주체’, ‘기관장의 업무경력’이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.<BR>  둘째, 네트워크의 특성(구조적, 상호작용적, 기능적)이 조직효과성(사업성과, 운영성과)에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 자원봉사 조직의 특성을 통제한 후, 조직효과성을 사업성과와 운영성과로 나누어 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 ‘네트워크의 기능적 특성(자원의 충분성 인식)’이 ‘총사업성과’와 하위변인인 ‘목표수행성’, ‘통합성’, ‘생산성’ 모두에 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그리고 운영성과에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 분석결과로 ‘등록봉사자 수’에는 ‘상호호혜성’이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, ‘수요처의 수’에는 ‘네트워크 필요 사업 수’와 ‘상호작용의 빈도’가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.<BR>  이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 자원봉사조직의 조직효과성을 높이기 위한 조직간 네트워크 구축방안으로 첫째 자원봉사조직이 스스로 자원의 충분성 인식을 높이기 위해서는 부족한 자원확보를 위한 전략적 접근 노력이 필요하며, 둘째, 네트워크 상호작용적 특성인 상호호혜성과 상호작용빈도를 극대화하기 위한 방안으로 지역의 특성을 고려한 협력적 네트워크 전략수립, 셋째, 네트워크에 대한 태도와 과정에 대한 관심과 적극적 대응노력을 통해 네트워크사업의 수를 확대시켜 나갈 필요가 있음을 제시하였다.   In recent times the volunteer organizations in Korea have been networking on an active basis in order to meet their own goals. This research not only focuses on the characteristics of networking but also on the organizational effectiveness of the networking between the volunteer organizations, as there is insufficient research regarding this area. As a result, the aim of this research is to grasp the determining factor which effects networking between volunteer organizations, characteristics of networking between organizations and to analyze the relationship of organizational effectiveness. In order to achieve the aim of the research, the first thing I will look at as primary research will be theories based upon the organizational effectiveness of networks using the resource dependency theory, domain theory, game theory as a background and as an explaining theory of networking and organizational effectiveness I will center the study around the resource-based theory, using this as a model for this research study.<BR>  The method of research involves using a postal questionnaire survey and the target groups included 248 volunteer organizations in nationwide cities, districts and counties, of which 131 returned questionnaires were analyzed. The survey was carried out from 1st August 2007 to 15th September 2007. In order to analyze the collected data, SPSS 12.0 was used for frequency analysis, cross analysis, t-verification, one-way ANOVA, regression and correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.<BR>  A summary of the results of this research would be as follows: The analysis results of network characteristics affecting organizational effectiveness are as follows. In order to grasp the relationship between organizational effectiveness and network characteristics the network characteristics were taken as independent variables and after regional characteristics, organizational characteristics and institute chief characteristic factors were regulated multiple regression analysis was carried out in order to examine the relationship between characteristic factors of networks between organizations and organizational effectiveness. The results show that the sub-variables of industrial results such as goal achievement, integrity and productivity are affected by the sufficiency of resource volume. Regarding the sub-variable factors of operational results, number of registered volunteers are mutual reciprocity. And place of demand was found to be affected by the number of needed network businesses and reciprocal interaction frequency.<BR>  Accordingly, this research study the network characteristics among volunteer organizations and the limitation as a center point and in order to build-up a more efficient network system the first factor would be insufficient resources. Such being a strategically accessible effort to ensure the estimated budget is needed. The regional characteristics need to be considered for the building of a cooperative network strategy.

LOYALTY TRANSFER IN TWO-SIDE MARKETS: THE CASE OF ONLINE PAYMENT PLATFORMS

So-Young Lee 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

Introduction With the opening of the 4th revolution era, platform business started to come into the spotlight. It was in the early 2000s that academics started full-scale research on platform based on the two-sided market theory but in fact the two-sided market is a business model that has existed around us since before. Examples include credit card industry, real estate brokering, and auctions. These industries are creating value through the interaction of two markets of different needs through a company that provides a specific platform (Rochet and Tirole, 2003, 2006). Recently, with the widespread use of services and products based on high technology, platform business is pouring into our lives at an amazing speed. With a single ID, you can shop, pay for, and receive shipping from a variety of online stores, without having to go through a lot of memberships. You do not have to search every single hotel for the best price, best location. You can even find a room in the house and see the reviews of customers who have stayed there. Compared to traditional pipeline business, one of the key differentiating features of the platform business is a two-sided network effect where consumers and consumers, producers and producers, and consumers and producers interact with each other. This two-sided network effect, with a positive feedback loop, has become a major driver of platform company growth. In the two-sided market, the platform‟s value to any given user largely depends on the size of the users on the other side of the platform due to the indirect network effect (Evans, 2003; Parker & Van Alstyne, 2005). Therefore, increasing the size of one side market, including the issue of „chicken or egg‟, is an indispensable task for the platform managers to maximize platform performance. But more important than increasing the size of one side of the market is transforming the new customers to loyal customers and creating positive feedback loops. This study explores the process of online payment platform users signing up, forming user loyalty, and spreading the loyalty to the sellers and platform providers. More specifically, this study examines (1) what causes the consumers to join the online payment platform at the beginning (2) what are the drivers that lead new members to the active, loyal users (3) whether the loyalty to the payment platform has a positive effect on the attitude toward the sellers (the other side market) and the platform company (platform provider). Theoretical Background and Hypotheses Two- Sided Markets and the Platform The definition of the two-sided market is varied by scholars. Chakravoti and Roson (2006) defines the two-sided market as a market where two different groups of users interact through the platform and the value created at this time is influenced by the indirect externalities of the network. Here, the platform is a physical, virtual, or institutional environment that allows different groups of users to facilitate transactions or interactions. According to Evans (2003), three necessary conditions for two sided platform markets are: (1) there are two distinct groups of customers; (2) there are externalities associated with customer A and B becoming connected or coordinated in some fashion; (3) an intermediary can facilitate that coordination efficiently than bi-lateral relationships between the members of the group. For example, we can think of a credit card company. There is a group of card holders and merchants and the demands of these two groups are very different. There is also a network effect between the two groups. Customers will not use credit cards with fewer merchants. The greater the number of merchants, the greater the benefits the customers have. Likewise, the more cardholders there are, the more profitable the merchants can generate. The intermediary role of the two groups of users to interact is a credit card company. Perceived value and Loyalty to the Online Payment Platform The loyalty to the online payment system can be expressed as the level of participation and commitment the member has over other similar payment systems. O‟Brien and Jones (1995) argue the value perception as an important prerequisite factor in developing brand loyalty; that is, only after the customer has perceived the online payment system as valuable, then would the customer become loyal to the system. The expectations that the perceived value can affect the loyalty to the online payment platform may be explained in terms of “Social Exchange Theory” (Thibaut and Kelly 1959). Within this framework, the customer will remain in the platform only when he or she perceives the value, which is defined as a trade-off between costs and benefits (Woodruff and Gardial 1996) is sufficient. Overall, perceived value of the online payment platform would affect customer loyalty. More specifically, it is expected that non-economic values such as simplicity in account setting, convenience in use will have a more meaningful effect than the economic value including sign-up grant at the stage of attracting new customers. But in the process of new customers becoming active and loyal users, the economic value including mileage points, discount coupons and free trial coupons will play a more important role in addition to this convenience. For example, benefit of being able to use the accumulated mileage or discount coupon on any online store within the platform will make consumers to stay on this payment platform and become loyal customers. Based on such argument, we put forward the following hypothesis. H1: Non economic value has a positive effect on online payment platform loyalty H2: Economic value has a positive effect on online payment platform loyalty. Loyalty Transfer According to Eisenmann et al. (2006), the platforms exhibit two types of network effects: A same-side effect, in which increasing the number of users on one side of the network makes it either more or less valuable to users on the same side; and a cross-side effect, in which increasing number of users on one side makes it either more or less valuable to the users on the other side. In case of online payment platform, it is expected that there will be a positive cross-side network effect. As the number of consumers using a specific online payment platform increases, the number of partner shops participating in the platform will increase, allowing consumers to shop in more diverse online stores. Once customers experienced the value of a specific online payment system, they would insist on paying by this method when shopping online (Parker, Alstein and Choudary, 2016), that is, becoming a loyal customer. Oliver (1999) defines customer loyalty as a deeply held commitment to re-buy or re-patronize a preferred product or service consistently in the future, thereby causing repetitive same brand purchasing. The loyal customers will be among the many online stores selling the same products/services at a same price, shopping at stores that show their favorite online payment system logo, and encouraging friends and family to use the payment system. The frequent transactions will affect consumer‟s attitude towards a certain brand or store and diffuse their loyalty. The customers that are loyal to the payment platform will not only actively try to earn points but also be willing to go and shop at the stores participating in the platform. Some customers may prefer a store among many even though they have not used it before because it belongs to the platform. The loyalty to the platform also can be transferred to the loyalty on the platform provider. Customers will have a favorable attitude when the platform providers do other business (for example, online banking, debit card business, etc.). Given the above, we put forward the following 3 hypotheses. H3: Platform loyalty has a positive effect on the loyalty toward the sellers, the other side market. H4: Positive attitude toward the sellers within the platform has a positive effect on attitude toward the platform company H5: Platform loyalty has a positive effect on the attitude toward the platform company. Conceptual Framework Data Analysis and Results The data used in this study were obtained from a survey of 562 online payment platform users. Data analysis shows that non-economic values such as simplicity, convenience, and platform reliability have a more significant impact on platform loyalty than economic values such as sign-up bonus. However, it was found that economic factors such as mileage points, and discount coupons are more influential factors in the process of converting new members to active users. In addition, loyalty to the payment system has a positive effect on attitudes towards sellers where one can use the means of payment. Also, it can be seen that the customer loyalty to the platform and the favorable attitude toward the sellers make a favorable attitude toward the platform company providing and managing the two-sided market. Conclusion and Discussion This study may contribute to a better understanding of platform business in three particular ways. First, understanding the loyalty diffusion mechanisms within the platform can support platform companies to develop effective strategies to attract new consumers to the platform and to transform them into active users. Second, even though the study uses the data collected from individual consumer level, the findings may provide some inspiration for B2B relationships. For example, as the number of loyal buyers and sellers sharing the platform increases, the value of the platform increases and the platform company can use it as a powerful bargaining power when it comes to third business. Third, the study may help us to understand the role of Platform in two-sided market and how the customer loyalty becomes diffused. Although this study explored the loyalty formation and diffusion using the sample of the major payment systems in Korea, it may be premature to generalize the findings at this stage. It is important to note that there may be negative network effects. They need to be evaluated further through careful research.

Effective hydraulic conductivity of discrete fracture network with aperture-length correlation

Jianting Zhu 한국지질과학협의회 2020 Geosciences Journal Vol.24 No.3

Determining effective hydraulic conductivity is critical to understand groundwater flow behavior in fractured rock masses and is required for large-scale numerical simulations. A new approach is developed to estimate the effective hydraulic conductivity of a discrete fracture network with aperture and trace length being stochastic and correlated. The aperture and length are assumed to follow a joint lognormal distribution. The average flowrate through the network is determined by integrating flowrate in the fracture ensemble with the laminar flow and non-linear flow being separately considered based on the Reynolds number. The effective hydraulic conductivity of the discrete fracture network is then determined from the idea that Darcy’s law still applies to the overall flow behavior through the network. For comparison, the simple average hydraulic conductivity is also developed based on the assumption that flow in all fractures is laminar and aperture and trace length are uncorrelated. Based on the developed approach, the effects of aperture and trace length uncertainty, their correlation degree, and non-linear flow characteristics on the ratio of effective hydraulic conductivity over simple average hydraulic conductivity are examined. The results demonstrate that the effective hydraulic conductivity can be either larger than or smaller than the simple average hydraulic conductivity depending on correlation level between aperture and trace length and the degree of non-linear effect in the network. Non-linear flow reduces the effective hydraulic conductivity of the fracture network. Correlation between aperture and trace length increases the effective hydraulic conductivity. Aperture uncertainty tends to reduce the effective hydraulic conductivity.

컨벤션산업조직간 네트워크형성이 조직성과에 미치는 영향연구

주현정(Hyun Jung Joo) 한국관광연구학회 2014 관광연구저널 Vol.28 No.5

This study aimed to analyze a relationship of network formation, network management, and organizational effectiveness in interorganizational network of convention industry. The study especially focused on the mediating effect of network management. The literature review covered interorganizational network of convention industry, network formation, network management and influential factors of organizational effectiveness. A research model was designed and hypotheses were established based on previous researches. Survey data were collected by convention industry organizations in Seoul and Busan region. The result of multiple regression analysis indicated that network formation positively influenced on economic and social effectiveness and that network management positively influenced on economic and social effectiveness of convention industry organizations. As practical implications, the study suggested that interorganizational network of convention industry such as Korea MICE Alliance be invigorated, and that network management strategies such as activation, framing, mobilizing should be strengthened to raise organizational effectiveness of convention industry.

디지털 경제에서 네트워크 효과와 경험학습의 장기적 분석에 관한 소고

김동주 정보통신정책학회 2020 정보통신정책연구 Vol.27 No.2

This article is concerned with the long-run implications of network effects in IT consumption, and of learning by doing in IT capital production. The results indicate that the network effects have an income effect. This affects only the long-run level of output and interest rate. By contrast, the elasticity of capital producers’ efficiency with respect to capital investment experience exhibits a knowledge spillover and a growth effect through the share of the capital in output and the rate of labor growth. This paper thus offers insights into the long-run interactions of the network effect and the knowledge spillover of IT capital. 본 논문은 디지털 재화와 서비스 소비에 있어서 두드러진 특징 중의 하나인 네트워크 효과(network effect)와 IT 자본 생산의 경험학습(learning by doing)의 장기적 역할을 분석하고 있다. 본 논문의 결과에 따르면 네트워크 효과는 장기적으로 소득 수준에만 영향을 미치는 소득효과(income effect)를 보이는 반면, 자본 생산의 경험학습은 지식의 파급효과를 통하여 자본 소득 비율, 인구 증가율과 함께 성장효과(growth effect)가 있음을 보이고 있다. 본 논문은 네트워크 효과와 지식의 파급효과 간의 장기적 상호작용을 분석하는데 있어 의미 있는 결과를 제공한다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

다중이해관계자 관점에 근거한 지역사회 전체네트워크 효과성 분석

최재성(Choi Jae-Sung),이준영(Lee Jun-Young),김신열(Kim Shin-Yeol),박소정(Park So-Jung),이수연(Lee Su-Youn),안은영(Ahn Eun-Young) 한국사회복지학회 2011 한국사회복지학 Vol.63 No.1

본 연구는 네트워크 내 개별 조직의 연계활동이 아닌 네트워크 수준의 조직간 연계인 전체 네트워크를 분석단위로 하여 전체 네트워크의 효과성을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석자료는 2006년 11월부터 2009년 11월까지 3년에 걸쳐 사회복지공동모금회가 후원하고, 한국사회복지행정학회가 관리 운영한 ‘지역사회네트워크지원사업’의 대상인 10개 지역사회 네트워크 중 3개 사업단을 선정하여 사업수행 결과보고서를 포함한 관련자료와 설문조사(기관장, 중간관리자, 실무자 대상)를 통해 확보하였다. 분석을 위해 각 네트워크의 참여조직과 네트워크 사무국을 대상으로 한 설문을 통하여 조직간 네트워크의 전체적 특징을 파악하였다. 또한, 네트워크 전체의 효과성 분석을 위해 다중이해관계자관점(multiple stakeholders perspective)을 반영하여 전체 네트워크의 구조적 특징과의 관계를 규명하였다. 마지막으로, 네트워크 참여조직과 네트워크 사무국을 대상으로 한 설문조사와 문헌조사를 바탕으로 네트워크의 효과성에 영향을 줄 수 있는 환경적 요인들을 검토하였다. 분석결과 네트워크 참여 조직들은 핵심 기관을 중심으로 집중되어 있는 전체적 구조를 보여주고, 네트워크가 안정적일수록 전체 네트워크의 효과성은 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 이 연구는 지역사회 네트워크 효과성 분석을 전체 네트워크 관점에서 시도하고, 개별조직, 네트워크수준, 지역사회수준의 다차원적인 다중이해관계자관점을 반영한 효과성 분석을 시도하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 그러나, 연구의 성격상 분석결과를 일반화하기 위해서는 광범위한 후속 연구를 통해 검증을 시도해야 한다는 한계가 있다. This study aims to analyze a whole network effectiveness by expanding the unit of analysis beyond individual organizations in a network into network-level collaborative relations. Data for the analysis were drawn from the evaluation reports and surveys of leaders, mid-level managers, and staff members of the organizations participating in 'Community Network Building' project which was funded by Community Chest of Korea and carried out by the Academy of Korean Social Welfare Administration from November 2006 to November 2009. For the analysis, three out of the 10 networks established in diverse local communities were selected. Based on the survey conducted on the participating organizations and the center organization of each network, we analyzed the structural characteristics of interorganizational network at a network-level. Second, to analyze effectiveness of the whole network, we employed a multiple stakeholders perspective and examined the relations between the whole network's structure and its effectiveness. The findings showed that the whole network effectiveness is higher when the network is more centralized around the hub organization and more stable. The significance of this study is that it is provided and tested a new framework for network effectiveness evaluation by combining the two network effectiveness evaluation framework of Provan and Milward's with evolutionary organizational theory.

여성복지조직의 네트워크에 관한 연구: 네트워크 중심성(centrality)과 조직효과성을 중심으로

장연진 ( Yeon Jin Jang ) 한국사회복지연구회 2010 사회복지연구 Vol.41 No.4

본 연구는 여성복지조직의 네트워크 중심성에 영향을 미치는 요인과, 네트워크 중심성 수준이 개별 조직의 효과성에도 영향을 미치는지를 규명하고자 하는 연구이다. 이를 위해 서울 지역 여성복지 조직들을 대상으로 조직간 네트워크에 관한 설문조사를 실시한 후, 네트워크 분석 방법을 활용하여 네트워크 중심성 지수를 도출하였고, 구조방정식 모형 분석을 통해 네트워크 중심성(연결정도, 근접, 매개)에 영향을 미치는 요인과 네트워크 중심성이 조직효과성에 미치는 영향에 대한 통계적 유의성을 검증하였다. 분석 결과, 네트워크 중심성 유형별로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 요인들은 조직유형, 자원의존도, 최고관리자의 태도, 설립기간에 따라 서로 달랐고, 세 가지 유형의 네트워크 중심성에 공통적으로 영향을 미치는 요인은 인맥수, 여성주의운동 활동지향점 1순위 여부, 전문인력수로 나타났다. 또한, 세 가지 유형의 네트워크 중심성 중에서는 근접 중심성만이 조직효과성에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 네트워크에서 중심적 위치를 어떻게 해석하느냐에 따라 영향요인이 달라질 수 있으며, 무조건 많은 수의 조직들과 관계를 맺는 것보다는, 핵심조직과의 연계를 통해 얼마나 빨리 네트워크 내의 다른 조직과 연계되는지가 조직효과성 증진에 더중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 연구결과를 바탕으로, 여성복지조직의 네트워크 중심성과 조직효과성을 향상시키는 데 필요한 실천적 전략들을 제시하였다. The aim of this study is to examine the factors influencing network centrality on women`s welfare organizations, and to investigate how the level of network centrality influence the effectiveness of the organization. To achieve this goal, this study conducted a survey on women`s welfare organizations in Seoul from March to June, 2009. Network analysis method was used to get each organization`s network centrality value. Also, through the Structural Equation Modelling, organizational characteristics predicting network centrality and effect of network centrality on organizational effectiveness. The main results are as follows. First, the significant affecting factors were different between three types of centralities with regards to the type of organization, recognition of resource dependency, attitude of top manager, and established year. Second, the common factors affecting three network centralities were the number of informal ties, accepting feminism as the main organizational philosophy, and the number of qualified staffs. Third, only closeness centrality positively predicted the level of organizational effectiveness among three types of centralities. The faster the organization reaches to other organizations in a network, the organizational effectiveness becomes higher, which means high closeness centrality is more important factor than high degree centrality or high betweenness centrality to increase organizational effectiveness. This result shows social welfare organization should consider changing inter-organizational network strategy from quantity-focused to quality-focused.

국내 문구산업 공급사슬네트워크에서의 채찍효과 분석

최호영(Choi, Ho Young),성백서(Seong, Baek Seo),이정호(Lee, Joung Ho) 한국물류학회 2018 물류학회지 Vol.28 No.5

본 논문은 문구산업의 공급사슬네트워크에서 채찍효과의 원인을 실증적으로 규명하고 이를 감소시킬 수 있는 대안을 제안한 다. 기존 물류관련 문헌이 자본재 산업 중 특히 성장기 제품의 채찍효과를 수요기반 측면으로 분석하고 있는 반면, 본 논문은 보다 일반적인 소비재 산업 내 성숙기 제품의 공급사슬에서 발생하는 채찍효과의 구조적 원인을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 먼저 국내 문구산업의 공급사슬 내 기업들로부터 수집한 실제 매출 자료를 이용하여 공급사슬네트워크에서의 채찍효과를 확인하고 기존 문헌으로부터 도출한 분석틀을 적용하여 채찍효과의 4가지 원인과 대응 방안을 분석한다. 특히 본 논문은 실증적 연구방법으로써 공급사슬네트워크 내 기업의 실무 담당자들과의 심층면접을 통해 수집한 자료를 활용하여 계층적 분석 과정(AHP) 모형을 구축하고 분석함으로써, 실무자들이 고려하는 공급사슬네트워크에서 채찍효과의 중요 원인을 실증적으로 밝힌 다. 이에 따른 본 연구의 결과 소비재 산업 중 특히 성숙기 제품의 특성을 지닌 문구산업의 공급사슬네트워크에서 채찍효과의 존재를 확인할 수 있었으며, 이의 주요 원인이 기업의 정책적인 부분에 해당하는 가격변동으로 확인되었다. 이는 기존 문헌의 수요 예측의 수정이라는 연구 결과와는 대비되는 것으로 공급기반 측면에서 채찍효과를 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 고려할 필요가 있음을 보여준다. 본 연구의 결과는 소비재 산업 특히 성숙기 제품의 공급사슬네트워크에서 공급업체의 가격 전략에 대한 새로운 가능 성을 제시하는 한편, 물류 네트워크에서 유통업체와 같이 최종 소비자와 접점을 이루는 조직이 구매 또는 판매 경로를 선택하기 위한 효과적인 방법으로 확장될 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to empirically identify the bullwhip effect on the stationery supply chain network and to propose an alternative solution to reduce it. Existing literature related to logistics analyzes the bullwhip effect of the capital goods industry, especially the products during the growth period, at the aspect of the demand base. This article, however, is focusing on structural cause of the bullwhip effect in the supply chain of more general consumer goods during the mature period. To this end, the bull whip effect in the supply chain network was confirmed using the actual sales data collected from the companies in the supply chain of the domestic stationery industry. Then the four causes and countermeasures of bullwhip effect were analyzed by applying the analysis framework derived from existing literature. In particular, this article used an empirical research method. By constructing and analyzing AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) model using the materials collected through in-depth interviews with working level respondents of the companies in the supply chain network, significant causes of bullwhip effect in the supply chain network were identified. As a result, it was confirmed that there was bullwhip effect in the stationery supply chain network which could be characterized as mature period goods among consumer goods. It was also confirmed that the major cause was price fluctuation falling under the division of corporate policy. The result of this study is not consistent with previous studies which addressed the demand signal processing. It showed the needs to consider the method to reduce bullwhip effect from the supply base. The results of this study suggest new possibilities for the suppliers pricing strategy for the consumer goods in the mature period in the supply chain network. It can be extended to an effective way to select a sales or marketing channel for organizations that are in contact with end consumers in the logistics network.

반연결망 기제의 형식적 표현

김우식(U Sic Kim) 이화여자대학교 이화사회과학원 2007 사회과학연구논총 Vol.18 No.-

이 연구는 특정 연결망의 내부나 주변에서 해당 연결망의 효과를 약화시키거나 상쇄시키는 반연결망(anti-network) 기능을 형식적으로 나타내는 다양한 방식을 다룬다. 반연결망의 효과는 연결망 효과를 초래하는 요인으로부터 나타난다는 점에서 내생적이기도 하다. 이 연구에서는 반연결망이 나타나는 기제를 연결의 상실과 조정 능력의 상실이라는 두 가지로 나누어서 살핀다. 연결망 효과가 사라지는 이유로는 우선 연결망을 구성하는 개별 연결이 사라지기 때문일 수도 있고, 연결은 존재하지만 그 연결을 통해 행위자들이 서로의 행위를 조정하는 능력이 사라지기 때문일 수도 있다. 관찰자가 현실에서 보는 연결망은 연결망을 유지하고자 하는 기제와 이를 소멸시키고자 하는 기제가 상호작용하여 일종의 균형을 이루고 있는 상태일 수 있다. 반연결망 기제의 표현방식들은 반연결망 형성과 작동의 기제의 내용을 함축적으로 보여준다. 특히 한국과 같이 빠른 속도로 변하는 사회에서는 안정된 사회에 비해 반연결망 개념이 더 잘 맞을 수 있다. 반연결망에 대한 논의와 연구는 사회과학 문헌에서 중요하게 등장하고 있는 사회자본 개념에 대해서 중요한 함의를 가질 수 있다. This article discusses several ways to present formally the rise of anti-network function around or in a network. Anti-network effect is an endogenous process in that the effect originates from the very factors that provide members of the network with positive network effects. This article suggests two mechanisms of anti-network effect: loss of tie, and loss of coordination. A network breeds anti-network through either distortion and disappearance of network tie, or attenuation and evaporation of control and coordination capability through network. Coordination or control capability is the core factor that makes possible network as social capital. Observed networks should be conceptualized to be in an equilibrium state composed of two opposing forces that would strengthen and oppress the network. Anti-network process can have implications on social capital, especially in a rapidly changing society such as Korea.