운동형태가 유방암 환자의 유방암 발병위험인자 및 종양 표지자에 미치는 영향

허선(Hur, Sun),장재훈(Jang, Jae-Hoon) 한국체육과학회 2019 한국체육과학회지 Vol.28 No.3

The link between tumor marker CA15-3 and exercise needs to be continued, but domestic research is still small. Therefore, this research was intended to analyze the effects on breast cancer risk factors (E₂, IGF-1, IGFBP-3) and tumor marker (CA15-3) by conducting aerobic and resistance movements for 10 weeks, and to present a form of exercise that is useful for preventing breast cancer and preventing recurrence. Among women aged 30 to 60 years old, those who were not exercising regularly were those who did not have any acute or chronic oncological pain that could affect their studies, within six months or more of the time of the end of the post-surgical radiation therapy. These aerobic exercise group of 15 resistance exercise group, 15, 15 separate and entirely random control group. The exercises were divided into aerobic and resistance exercises, and the same exercise intensity (50~70%HRR) was set up three times a week and the exercise time was 70 minutes a week for 10 weeks. As a result of this study, E2, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 had interaction effects of group and timing. E₂ and IGFBP-3 were significantly lower than comparison groups in the aerobic and resistance movement groups after exercise compared to before. IGF-1 was significantly lower in resistance after exercise than before than in aerobic exercise groups and comparison groups. CA15-3 had interaction effects of group and timing. It was significantly lower than the comparison groups in the aerobic and resistance movement groups after the exercise compared to before. The results of this study showed positive improvement in estradiol, IGFBP-3 and CA15-3 by regularly conducting aerobic and resistance movements. IGF-1 showed that the resistance movement was more effective than aerobic exercise.

운동과 암: 예방에서 치료까지?

서한교,곽이섭 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠정책과학원 2020 체육과학연구 Vol.31 No.4

[Purpose] The valuable impacts of exercise-intervention in diverse type of cancer patients were rationally well-prescribed, though many experimental and review researches already performed in this fields. Generally, cancer-related fatigue and pain remains one of the most prevalent problems for cancer populations. Therefore, exercise has become increasingly significant in cancer prevention and progression. The purpose of this recent study was to analyze the combined exercise program on cancer-related fatigue, pain, quality of life and cancer prognosis in diverse type of cancer patients. This study analyses the safety and feasibility of exercise intervention in diverse stages of cancer patients such as early stage, advanced stage and even metastatic periods in cancer populations. we also wanted to know the impacts of dose-response trial of aerobic and resistance exercise on quality of life in cancer survivors. [Methods] we conducted a comprehensive PubMed/MEDILINE electronic database from Jan 2015 to August 2020. The reference lists of eligible experimental research articles and relevant systemic review articles were checked. Inclusion criteria were adult cancer survivors from randomized controlled trials performing well-tailored exercise intervention programs to diverse type of cancer patients, Using predefined search items ‘exercise-intervention, cancer & immunology’. Based on reference search, more than 100 articles were identified whereas 30 research papers met the inclusion criteria and were well connected with exercise-intervention and cancer progression. we analyzed the connections between physical exercise and cancer intervention in the main text. [Results] Moderate to vigorous exercise (aerobic and resistance exercise) revealed to decreased level of cancer-related fatigue, pain, and cancer-related symptoms, however increased level of sleep quality, activities of daily living, exercise performance and health- related quality of life. Exercise intervention reduced pro-inflammatory markers and oxidative stress as well as insomnia, fatigue, pain symptoms whereas it enhanced the antioxidant systems and immune functions. In addition, home-based aerobic physical exercise might enhance muscular strength and quality of life in many types of cancer survivors. Psychological intervention also effective for reducing cancer-related fatigue and pain during and after cancer treatment. they might be the much better intervention than available pharmaceutical options. we believe that it is the related mechanisms of immune cell mobilization and activation such as NK cells which is induced by the activation of sympathetic system during and after physical exercise. [Conclusion] According to the aforementioned results, it was concluded that implementation of exercise intervention appear to be the best non-pharmaceutical interventions for cancer populations, and also revealed to be safe and feasible in early and advanced stages, although not in the metastatic periods. Sometimes, psychological intervention such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) might be useful in reducing anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain and enhancing quality of life, quality of sleep for cancer populations. we can conclude, exercise-intervention might not just be prevention effect but might be therapeutics, however more studies are urgently needed to confirm the exercise intervention on the NK-receptors activation and immune connection of cancer populations. [목적] 본 연구는 일반적으로 많이 발생하는 여러 암에 대해서 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 안전하고도 비 약물적이며, 비 침습적인 방법 중 하나인 운동활동과 복합적인 운동중재가 암의 예방, 진행 및 예후에 미치는 효과를 다양한 실험적 연구 및 메타분석 리뷰 연구들을 종합적으로 분석하고, 여러 암에 대한 운동중재 분석결과를 기전적인 측면에서 제시하고자 한다. [방법] 본 연구를 수행하기 위하여 전자저널인 Pub Med/Medline, 전자저널 database를 이용하여 2015년도 1월부터 2020년 8월까지 ‘EXERCISE & CANCER & IMMUNITY’ 등의 키워드로 검색한 후 본 연구주제와 적합한 논문들을 검색 및 분석한 후 본 연구를 수행하였다. [결과] 이 연구에서 얻은 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구결과 운동중재는 다양한 암환자들의 암의 초기나 중기 혹은 말기, 및 치료시기 등의 다양한 시기에 효과적인 것으로 분석되었다. 하지만 암의 전이 시기에는 다른 부작용이 발생할 수 있어 운동 중재 시 주의를 기울여야 하며, 개인별 차이를 고려하여 다른 복합 처치에 대하여 반영해야 한다. 본 연구결과 암환자에게 운동중재 효과에 관한 기전적인 근거는 운동활동에 따른 교감신경계의 활성화가 심혈관 기능의 개선, 인체 대사율의 증가, 면역세포들의 활성화를 도모하여 면역력을 증가시키기 때문으로 나타났으며, 운동중재가 암으로 인해 발생하는 활성산소들을 효율적으로 제거하는 효과와 이로 인한 피로믈질의 제거가 효율적이기 때문으로 항산화 시스템의 개선으로 인한 만성적인 염증감소 때문으로 분석된다. 특히 운동활동으로 인한 혈관기능 개선과 심혈관 기능의 향상은 감소된 운동능력을 회복시키며, 피로와 통증을 개선하는 효과가 있는 것이다. 그리고 여성에게 흔한 유방암의 경우에는 다른 종류의 암에 비해 운동중재의 효과가 상당하며, 다만 암의 전이시기에는 운동 시 부작용이 발생하지 않도록 개인별 주의를 기울여야 한다. 남성에게 호발하는 전립선암의 경우 역시 상당한 운동효과가 있는 것으로 보고되었고, 이 경우 호르몬 치료에 대한 부작용이 있으므로 육류나 포화지방 섭취를 줄이고 야채와 과일이 풍부한 식단을 함께 병행해야 하며 무엇보다 근력증가 운동이 필수적이다. [결론] 본 종설을 진행한 결과, 운동중재는 거의 모든 암에서 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 암의 초기, 중기, 말기 및 여러 치료시기 등에서 효과적이며 다양한 종류의 복합적인 운동이 권장되고 운동의 강도는 수행할 수 있을 정도로 적당하게 높은 강도의 운동을 자주 하는 것이 요구된다. 다만 암의 전이시기에는 또 다른 운동 부작용이 발생할 수 있으므로 주의를 기울여야 한다. 추후 면역학적인 측면에서 운동과 암에 관한 다양한 운동 활동 및 중재를 통한 NK세포 수용기들의 활성화나 비활성화에 대한 연구를 통하여 운동중재에 관한 암의 예방 및 치료효과와 운동중재의 면역감시 활성화에 관한 심도 있는 연구가 필요한 실정에 있다. 그리고 암에 대한 운동중재에 관한 다 차원적인 메타 연구가 절실히 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

A 1:1 exercise-to-rest period ratio needed by animals to restore energy sources and replenish anti-oxidative status after exercise

Ma-Young Yeom,Youn-Ok Cho 한국영양학회 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.1

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Successful recovery of an animal from exercise is essential, especially prior to the next exercise session. This study was conducted to find an effective exercise-to-rest period ratio for the restoration of energy sources and replenishment of anti-oxidative status in tissue after exercise. MATERIALS/METHODS: Thirty-two rats were assigned to either non-training or training exercise groups for 5 weeks. After that period, the two groups were subdivided into four smaller groups: non-exercise (NE), exercise 0.5 hour and rest 1 hour (ER0.5:1), exercise 1 hour and rest 1 hour (ER1:1), exercise 2 hours and rest 1 hour (ER2:1). RESULTS: In the training group animals and compared to the NE group, the levels of plasma glucose after the rest period were significantly high in all ER groups but highest in the ER2:1 group. Similarly, the liver glycogen level was highest in the ER2:1 group. The plasma FFA level reached the highest level in the ER2:1 group but was similarly high in the ER0.5:1 group. Liver TG level was unchanged in the ER2:1 and ER1:1 groups but was significantly high in the ER0.5:1 group. Muscle TG levels were decreased in all three ER groups. Plasma protein levels were significantly high in the ER2:1 and ER0.5:1 groups. In both training animal and non-training animals, the liver protein levels did not change significantly between the NE and ER groups, irrespective of the exercise-to-rest ratio. In the training animal group, muscle protein level was significantly low in the ER2:1 and ER0.5:1 groups. The activity levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as the malondialdehyde concentration, were not significantly different between NE and ER groups, irrespective of the exercise-to-rest period ratio. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that animals provided with a 0.5:1 to 1:1 exercise-to-rest period ratio can restore their muscle energy sources and recover their anti-oxidative defense system.

운동생리학 : 운동 강도의 차이에 따른 최대하 운동이 혈중 스트레스 호르몬 농도에 미치는 영향

박성태(SungTaePark) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.3

Exercise is of benefit to many aspects of health, but exhaustive exercise above specific intensity sans to be related to the some side effect of exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of various exercise intensities on the change of stress hormones Particularly, use intend to apply the same volumes of exercise to examine only the pure effects of exercise intensity. 7 healthy young males(age : 25.6±1.5, VO2max: 56.0±2.7 ml/kg/min) participated in four trials. At each trial, subjects ran on the treadmill at the respective intensities corresponding to 50%, 65%, 75%, 85% of VO2max. They exercised for different duration so that energy expenditure was equal to all subjects(400kca1). The order of the trials was randomized and separated by one week. Blood was obtained at rest, immediately after exercise, and at 90 min after exercise to measure epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol.The concentration of catecholamine was increased immediately after exercise more than baseline level(epinephrine: p〈.05, norepinephrine; p〈.01) and norepinephrine was decreased at recovery 90 min more than immediately after exercise at 75% and 85% of VO2max. In the effort of exercise intensity, the concentration of norepinphrine at 85% intensity was higher than the at 50%, 65% intensities immediately after exercise. Cortisol level at 85% intensity was higher than those at other intensities.In conclusion, the concentrations of norepinephrine and cortisol were affected by exercise intensities and at the 85% of VO2max, the concentrations was higher than any other intensities.

Effects of different intensities of exercise on folliculogenesis in mice: Which is better?

Fitri Kurnia Rahayu1,Sri Ratna Dwiningsih,Ashon Sa’adi,Lilik Herawati 대한생식의학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.48 No.1

Objective: Exercise is a risk factor for infertility in women. However, research on the effects of different intensities of exercise on folliculogenesis has not yielded clear results. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of differences in the intensity of exercise on folliculogenesis in mice. Methods: Nineteen female BALB/c mice (age, 3–4 months; weight, 13–25 g) were randomly divided into four groups: control, mild exercise, moderate exercise, and high-intensity exercise. The mice in the exercise groups engaged in swimming, with additional loads of 3%, 6%, or 9% of body weight, respectively. There were five swimming sessions per week for 4 weeks, with a gradually increasing duration every week. At the end of the treatment, ovarian extraction was carried out and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to identify folliculogenesis. Results: There were significant differences in the number of total follicles between the control and moderate-exercise groups (p=0.036) and between the mild- and moderate-exercise groups (p=0.005). The mean number of primary follicles was higher in the moderate-exercise group than in the mild-exercise group (p=0.006). The mean number of secondary, tertiary, and Graafian follicles did not differ significantly among groups (p≥0.05). However, the number of total follicles and follicles in each phase tended to increase after exercise, especially moderate-intensity exercise. Conclusion: Exercise of different intensities affected the total number of follicles and primary follicles. The number of follicles of each phase tended to increase after exercise. Moderate-intensity exercise had better effects than other intensities of exercise.

관동맥질환의 진단에 있어서 Exercise Treadmill Score 의 의의

서정평(Jeong Pyeong Seo),조인종(In Jong Cho),류문희(Mun Hee Rheu),박종수(Jong Soo Park),이명곤(Myung Kon Lee),정명호(Myung Ho Jeong),조정관(Jeong Gwan Cho),박종춘(Jong Chun Park),강정채(Jung Chaee Kang) 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.52 No.3

N/A Objectives: The treadmill exercise eletrocardiography(ECG) is the most commonly used non- invasive method in the evaluation of patients with chest pain. But the accuracy of treadmill exercise ECG in detecting the coronary artery disease(CAD) is still controversial. To improve the accuracy of the treadmill exercise test, exercise treadmill score(ETS) based on exercise duration, degree of ST deviation, and treadmill anginal index during treadmill exercise ECG has been used. Methods: The authors calculated ETS by simple equation(total exercise duration-5×maximal ST- segment deviation during or after exercise-4×treadmill angina index) and analyzed coronary angiograms of 173 patients(mean age '55.5±8.7, male: female=2.7: 1) who underwent treadmill exercise ECG and coronary angiography in Chonnam University Hospital from January, 1990 through March, 1993. Results. 1) The studied subjects were subdivided into 3groups according to ETS. Group A(high risk, ETS≤11) were composed of 15cases(mean age 60.2±7.4, male: female = 1.2: 1), group B(moderate risk, 5>ETS≥11) 71cases(mean age 60.2±7.4, male: female=3.3:1), group C(low risk, ETS>5) 87cases(mean age 54.8±9.2, male-female =2.5:1). Clinical diagnoses of the studiedsubjects were 63stable angina, 61unstable angina, 3acute myocardial infarction, and 46 old myocardial infarction. On coronary angiographic findings, 61patients had single vessel disesase, 23patients had two vessel disease and 13patients had three vessel disease. 2) The sensitivity of the treadmill exercise ECG in diagnosing coronary artery disease was 88% and the specificity was 46%. 3) One hundred percent of group A patients had CAD and 54% of them had multivessel disease, 75% of group B had CAD and 27% of them had multivessel disease, and 33% of group C had CAD and 10% of them had multivessel disease. 4) There were no significant differences in the siite of stenotic lesion and degree of stenosis according to ETS in the patients with single vessel disease. 5) There were no significant differences in left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure among three groups. Conclusion: Exercise treadmill score is useful in predicting the presence and severity of CAD and that low ETS less than -11 may be an indicator of multivessel coronary disease.

일주기 리듬에 따른 운동이 여대생의 순환기능 및 에너지소비량에 미치는 영향

이소은(Lee, So-Eun),이재영(Lee, Jae-Young) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study was the effects of 20 minutes of exercise on the circadian rhythm of energy expenditure, glucose and lactate in female university students. As circadian rhythm exists in human body, effect of exercise may vary in accordance with time zone that exercise is executed even if the exercise is done with same strength, it is necessary to examine the result based on morning exercise(09:00),afternoon exercise(14:00), and evening exercise(20:00). In evaluating circulatory faculty, energy expenditure after 60%VO2max treadmill exercise which is based on circadian rhythm, glucose and lactate were measured in different time of a day after choosing female university students. Conclusion which may be drawn from this study is as follows: It is considered that female university students before and after exercise for 20 minutes have influence on energy expenditure, glucose and lactate in connection with circadian rhythm. Before and after exercise, glucose was significantly increased in the morning. Glucose was significantly decreased m the Afternoon. Before and after exercise, the change of lactate showed a significant increase at all times(morning, afternoon and evening). The increase in the lactate was most prominent in the morning. Morning, afternoon energy expenditure changes showed that the deterioration in the 20 minute exercise. These findings suggest exercise beneficial effects on the circadian rhythm especially in the evening.

An Integrated Training Aid System using Personalized Exercise Prescription

Jang S. J.,Park S. R.,Jang Y. G.,Oh Y. K.,Kwak H. M.,Diwakar Praveen Kumar,Park S. H.,Yoon Y. R. The Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engin 2005 의공학회지 Vol.26 No.5

Continuously motivating people to exercise regularly is more important than finding a way out of barriers such as lack of time, cost of equipment, lack of nearby facilities, and poor weather. Our proposed system presents practicable methods of motivation through a diverse exercise aid system. The Health Improvement and Management System (all-in-one system which saves space and maintenance costs) measures and evaluates a diverse body shape analysis and physical fitness test and directs users to automated personalized exercise prescription which is prescribed by the expert system of three types of exercise templates: aerobics, anaerobics, and leisure sports. Automated personalized exercise prescriptions are built into XML based documents because the data needs to be in the form of flexible, expansible, and convertible structures in order to process various exercise templates, BIOFIT, a digital exercise trainer, monitors and provides feedback on the physiological parameters while users are working out in the gymnasium. If these parameters do not range within the prescribed target zone, the device will alarm users to control the exercise and make the exercise trainer adjust systemically the proper exercise level. Numeric health information such as the report of the physical fitness test and the exercise prescription makes people stay interested in exercising. In addition, this service can be delivered through the Internet.

트레드밀 운동이 도파민 투여 MPTP-파킨슨 모델 쥐의 p-JNK pathway, 해마 치상회의 GDNF 발현 및 운동기능에 미치는 영향

박재성(Park Jae-Sung),윤성진(Yoon Sung-Jin) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

Exercise is considered to improve motor function and emotional benefits in patients with Parkinson’s disease. However, it is not clear if clinical improvements are due to neuronal alterations within the affected nigrostriatal region or a result from a more general effect of exercise on affect and motivation. In previous study, we found that treadmill exercise down regulate the alpha-synuclein in the brain of mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. But still we don’t know about the interaction effect between dopaminergic medicine(L-Dopa) and exercise. The purpose of this study was to determined the effects of treadmill exercise and dopaminergic medicine(L-Dopa) on nigrostriatal neurodegeneration in MPTP induced mouse model of Parkinson Disease. The results of this study were summarized as follows: (1) Treadmill exercise decreased synphilin expression levels in substantia nigra and striatum of MPTP-induced parkinson’s disease model. (2) Treadmill exercise inhibits decrease of cell numbers in substantia nigra and striatum. (3) Treadmill exercise group’s p-JNK expression level is more lower than sedentary group in subtantia nigra. This means exercise inhibits apoptosis in the brain and induce the cell survival in the brain. (4) Treadmill exercise increase GDNF expression levels in dentate gyrus rather than sedentary group. (5) Treadmill exercise increase GDNF expression levels in hippocampus rather than sedentary group. This result(increase of GDNF expression in hippocampus and dentate gyrus) means treadmill exercise profitable for the memory and learning problem also disorientation. The results of this study suggest that treadmill exercise partially prevented dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal region of the Parkinson’s Disease model, and this effects were may offer a potential therapeutic adjunct to current Parkinson’s Disease therapies in the future.

The Impacts of Exercise-Intervention on the Prevention and Treatment of Some Types of Cancer

( Han Kyo Seo ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2021 운동과학 Vol.30 No.1

Cancer is a disease affecting millions of people and one of the primary causes of death worldwide like cardiovascular diseases. Nonpharmacological and nonoperative methods such as proper exercise-intervention, nutrition, maintaining the activity of daily living (ADL), psychological methods can also improve the physical function, cancer progression, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However it is extremely important, little light shed on the impacts of exercise-intervention on cancer prevention and treatments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the impacts of nonpharmaceutical approaches such as diverse exercise-intervention on cancer prevention and treatments with psychological and physiological health for cancer patients. Moreover, this paper wants to combine knowledge regarding the many experimental papers and systemic reviews of cancer researches and exercise intervention liter-ature. A meta-analysis and systemic reviews of the impacts of an exercise intervention on cancer prevention and treatments were conducted to the PRISMA guidelines. 20 research articles were selected for final inclusion and extraction. And electronic analysis such as PubMed, Google scholar was carried for this study up to May 2020. The search keyword was ‘exercise-intervention and cancer’. We can suggest that physical exercise-intervention might be a suitable combination partner to exercise-related immune therapy in the prevention, delay, and treatment of cancer patients. Moreover, physical exercise-intervention directly enhances the QOL, ADL, healthy life, and even resilience of cancer patients. Therefore, these exercise interventions can be effective at reducing cancer symptoms, and enhancing cancer treatments for diverse and many cancer patients. Reversing low muscle mass can enhance cancer therapy outcomes and mortality. Nutrition strategies also might be helpful. A Follow-up study about specific high-quality tailoring exercise-intervention program on counteracting cancer symptoms, cancer prevention and treatment, physiological and psychological health and HRQOL is urgently needed in this area.