<i>In Situ</i> Monitoring Early-Age Properties of Concrete Retaining Wall by Fiber Bragg Grating Monitoring System

Zhang, Guang Jun,Wang, Li,Su, Ying Zhi Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2013 Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. No.

<P>In this paper, FBG temperature sensor and strain sensor have been used to monitor shrinkage and temperature of concrete retaining wall in construction site within its casting early age. As FBG senses both strain and temperature simultaneously, thermal shift of FBG strain senor is compensated by FBG temperature sensor. The test results indicate that this FBG monitoring system is feasible for monitoring concrete properties at its early age. The dual FBG monitoring technique applied in this research could be extended to monitor shrinkage and temperature for other concrete structures.</P>

Synthesis, Structure and Biological Properties of a Novel Copper (II) Supramolecular Compound Based on 1,2,4-Triazoles Derivatives

Guang-Mei Qiu,Cui-Juan Wang,Ya-Jun Zhang,Shuai Huang,Xiao-Lei Liu,Bing-Jun Zhang,Xian-Li Zhou 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.8

A novel mononuclear supramolecule of copper(II) has been synthesized with Ippyt ligand (Ippyt=3-(4'- imidazole phenyl)-5-(pyrid-2''-yl)-1,2,4-triazole) (1). Compound 1, namely [Cu(Ippyt)2(H2O)2], has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectrum, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Structure determination reveals that the elongated-octahedral geometry is formed in the vicinity of the copper (II) atom being coordinated by four nitrogen atoms from two Ippyt ligands occupying the equatorial position and two oxygen atoms from two coordinated water molecules in the axial position, which together form the N4O2 donor set. Hydrogen bonding interactions between nitrogen and oxygen atoms result in the set up of a supramolecular network architecture. Biological properties including antibacterial activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic activity of compound 1 have been investigated by agar diffusion method and the modified Marklund method, respectively. The results indicate that compound 1 exhibits a stronger antibacterial efficiency than the parent ligand and it also has a certain radical-scavenging activity.

Cloning and Expression of amyE Gene from Bacillus subtilis in Zymomonas mobilis and Direct Production of Ethanol from Soluble Starch

Guang-Jun Wang,Zhong-Shan Wang,Yong-Wei Zhang,Yizheng Zhang 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.4

Two proven secretion signal zmo130 and zmo331 native to Zymomonas mobilis were fused to the N terminal of α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis and transformed into 5 different strains of Z. mobilis separately. It was found that the signal zmo130 could direct the extracellular secretion of the expressed α-amylase with high activity, but zmo331 could not. Fermentation experiments demonstrated that the recombinant Z. mobilis CICC 10225(p130A) exhibited the highest level of ethanol production, which is nearly 50% of the theoretical yield of ethanol from soluble starch,but another recombinant Z. mobilis ATCC 31821(p130A)took the shortest fermentation time of approximately 3days, with the second high level of ethanol yield. The recombined strains in our study could be an important target for the following genetic engineering of next amylase in order to hydrolyze starch completely.

<i>Haloactinopolyspora alkaliphila</i> sp. nov., and emended description of the genus <i>Haloactinopolyspora</i>

Zhang, Yong-Guang,Liu, Qing,Wang, Hong-Fei,Zhang, Dao-Feng,Zhang, Yuan-Ming,Park, Dong-Jin,Kim, Chang-Jin,Li, Wen-Jun International Union of Microbiological Societies 2014 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.64 No.6

<P>A facultatively alkaliphilic actinomycete strain, designated EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated from a saline-alkali soil sample from Xinjiang province, north-west China, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. Strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> formed fragmented aerial hyphae and short spore chains, and rod-like spores aggregated at maturity. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the isolate contained <SMALL>ll</SMALL>-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and glucosamine, mannose, galactose, glucose and rhamnose as the marker sugars. The major fatty acids identified (>5 %) were anteiso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB>, iso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB>, summed feature 4 (iso-C<SUB>17 : 1</SUB>I/anteiso-C<SUB>17 : 1</SUB>B), iso-C<SUB>16 : 0</SUB> and anteiso-C<SUB>17 : 0</SUB>. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H<SUB>4</SUB>). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> was 70.6 mol%. EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to its closest phylogenetic neighbour <I>Haloactinopolyspora alba</I> YIM 93246<SUP>T</SUP> (98.5 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness value of the strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>H. alba</I> YIM 93246<SUP>T</SUP> was 59.3±5.2 %. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> represents a novel species of the genus <I>Haloactinopolyspora</I>, for which the name <I>Haloactinopolyspora alkaliphila</I> sp. nov. (type strain EGI 80088<SUP>T</SUP> = BCRC 16946<SUP>T</SUP> = JCM 19128<SUP>T</SUP>) is proposed. The description of the genus <I>Haloactinopolyspora</I> has also been emended.</P>

The New Generation of Information Technology Supports Legislative Modernization : The Goals, Strategies and Paths

Zhang Guang Jun,Zhang Xiang 원광대학교 한중관계연구원 2020 韓中關係硏究 Vol.6 No.2

현대사회에서 법치는 국가를 다스리는 기본이고, 입법은 법치의 핵심적 사항이다. 입법의 현대화는 국가통치체계와 통치능력을 극대화하는 중요한 기반이다. 그러나 전 통적 방식을 통한 입법과정은 입법정보의 수집 시간이 길고 비용이 많이 들어 입법정 보의 분석과 처리능력이 떨어져 효율성이 낮다. 또 입법의 전 과정에 민원의 의견을 반영하기 어려워 제정된 법률이 사회전반에 효과적으로 적용되지 못한다는 지적이 있 다. 특히, 이러한 방식은 입법의 과학화와 민주화가 부족하여 입법이 수동적이어서 과 학기술과 관련한 법률제정에 걸림돌로 작용한다. 오늘날은 인터넷, 빅데이터, 인공지능, 블록체인 등을 앞세운 차세대정보기술(ICT) 이 활발하게 발달함으로 인하여 분야의 경계를 허문 다양한 협력, 지식의 개방, 인간과 기계의 협력으로 발전하고 있는 추세이다. 이로 인해 입법과정에서 인민의 의견정보나 행위정보를 적시에 입법과정에서 활용할 수 있게 되어 사적자유와 공공민주를 실현할 수 있다. 하지만, 현재의 전통적 입법시스템은 그 응용범위가 매우 좁을 뿐만 아니라, 입법과정에 있어 입법정보의 수집, 분석, 처리의 전과정에 필요한 입법 인터넷 생태계 와 입법 빅데이터 플랫폼이 아직 효과적으로 구축되어 있지 않은 상태이다. 그리고 입법지식과 입법 블록체인기술 등의 충분한 인프라가 구성되지 않다. 본 연구에서는 과학적 이성과 법치적 이성의 융합에 기초하여, 입법현대화라는 개념 확립을 통해 차세대 정보기술을 통한 현대화 입법시스템 마련 방안을 제시하고자 한 다. 이에 전통적 입법방식이 가지고 있는 문제점을 분석하고, 차세대정보기술을 응용 한 현대입법원칙의 최적화 가능성을 검토하였다. 이를 통해 입법기관이 입법방법과 입법절차의 두 가지 측면에서 차세대정보기술을 적극적이고 적절하게 활용하여 입법 의 질과 효율성을 제고하고, 입법의 과학화 및 민주화 수준을 높이는데 도움이 될 것이 라 기대한다. The rule of law is the basic way of governing the country, legislation is the core of the rule of law, and the modernization of legislation is the important foundation of the modernization of the national governance system and governance ability. However, under the traditional legislative model, the time and cost to collect legislative information are long, the ability to analyze and deal with legislative information is poor, and the efficiency is low. The effect to reflect the social situation and public opinion and to lead the social development in the whole process of legislation is not good enough, and the level of scientific and democratic legislation is not high enough, which leads to passive, inverted and cursory legislation. The ability to collect, analyze and process legislative information has become a key factor to block the process of legislative modernization. In today’s world, the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other new generation of information technology have been booming, showing the trend of cross-border integration, group intelligence opening, and human-computer cooperation. They have great potential in the field of legislation. They can truly, timely, systematically and effectively gather and feed back the opinions and behavior information of the people, so that the people can realize the intelligent preservation of private freedom and public democracy in every legislation. However, at present, their application scope in the field of legislation is narrow, their application stage is few and their application level is low. The legislation Internet Ecosystem and legislation big data platform needed in the whole process of collecting, analyzing and processing legislation information have not been effectively constructed. The role of legislation knowledge map and legislation blockchain technology has not been fully appllied. Their strategies and paths to support the modernization of legislation need urgent consideration on giving response. Based on the concept of the integration of scientific rationality and legal rationality, this paper firstly defines the intelligent preservation of private domain freedom and public domain democracy as the goal of the new generation of information technology integration and support of modern legislation from the semantic analysis of “legislative modernization”; secondly, it analyzes the performance form, chronic causes, and application of the traditional legislative models which are passive, inverted and cursory. The new generation of information technology promotes the optimization of modern legislative principles and the transformation of traditional legislative model to preventive, step-by-step and precise legislative model. Finally, this paper expounds the optimization plan of the new generation of information technology to support legislative modernization from two aspects of legislative methods and legislative procedures, with a view to improve the quality and establish legislation by applying the new generation of information technology actively and steadily to the legislature. The efficiency of law, the scientific level of legislation and the degree of democratization are helpful.

Synthesis, Structure and Biological Properties of a Novel Copper (II) Supramolecular Compound Based on 1,2,4-Triazoles Derivatives

Qiu, Guang-Mei,Wang, Cui-Juan,Zhang, Ya-Jun,Huang, Shuai,Liu, Xiao-Lei,Zhang, Bing-Jun,Zhou, Xian-Li Korean Chemical Society 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.8

A novel mononuclear supramolecule of copper(II) has been synthesized with Ippyt ligand (Ippyt=3-(4'-imidazole phenyl)-5-(pyrid-2''-yl)-1,2,4-triazole) (1). Compound 1, namely [$Cu(Ippyt)_2(H_2O)_2$], has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectrum, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. Structure determination reveals that the elongated-octahedral geometry is formed in the vicinity of the copper (II) atom being coordinated by four nitrogen atoms from two Ippyt ligands occupying the equatorial position and two oxygen atoms from two coordinated water molecules in the axial position, which together form the $N_4O_2$ donor set. Hydrogen bonding interactions between nitrogen and oxygen atoms result in the set up of a supramolecular network architecture. Biological properties including antibacterial activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic activity of compound 1 have been investigated by agar diffusion method and the modified Marklund method, respectively. The results indicate that compound 1 exhibits a stronger antibacterial efficiency than the parent ligand and it also has a certain radical-scavenging activity.

An Empirical Study on the Transformation towards Domestic Law of the Framework Convention of Tobacco Control under the Perspective of the Right to Health

장광군(Zhang, Guang-Jun)(张,光君),장호연(Jiang, Hao-Ran)(蒋,皓然) 원광대학교 법학연구소(의생명과학법센터) 2020 의생명과학과 법 Vol.23 No.-

2020년 초 전 세계를 강타한 코로나19로 인하여 건강권의 중요성이 일반화 되었다. 이는 민족과 인종 또는 빈부를 불문하고 건강권은 세계 각국의 사람들이 모두 마땅히 누리는 기본적인 권리로 인식되었다는 의미이다. 한편, 건강권과 관련하여 지속적으로 논의가 되고 있는 것이 흡연의 위험성이다. 관련 연구결과에 따르면, 담배는 연소로 인해 방출되는 가스 중 약 0.6%가 유해가스로 구성되어 있으며, 0.2%는 발암 또는 발암가능성이 있는 물질인 것으로 나타났다. 이 수치는 에이즈, 심뇌혈관질환, 암 등 세계적인 건강문제와 비교하면 현격한 차이가 있지만, WHO가 주최가 되어 성사시킨 첫 국제협약인 담배규제기본협약(FCTC)을 보면 흡연의 위험성을 엿볼 수 있다. 담배규제기본협약은 건강권을 고도로 중시하고, 예방의 관점에서 건강권 보호의 비용을 낮추는데 중점을 두어 흡연규제에 대하여 전 세계적으로 전례 없는 공감을 얻었다. 이로 인해 국제적으로 당사국이 가장 많은 국제협약 중 하나로 현재 각국은 국내법으로의 전환을 모색하고 있다. 현재 전 세계의 90%가 넘는 국가가 동 협약에 가입한 상태이며, 협약의 이행에 있어서도 낙관적인 전망을 보인다. 새로운 시대적 맥락에서 금연 환경의 조성과 미성년자의 금연에 중점을 두고 있다. 담배규제기본협약의 법적 효력은 사실상 각 당사국이 국내법으로 전환하여 일반적 의무를 적용할 때 발생한다. 건강권의 공동보호라는 기본적인 권리를 세계 각국이 이행할 의지를 국내법으로 제정되어야 그 실질적 효력이 발생한다. 담배규제기본협약 제5조 제1항과 제2항(b)는 당사국의 담배규제에 관한 입법의무를 규정하고 있지만, 담배규제기본협약의 원칙성과 개괄성으로 전면적 금연규제 이행과정에서 여전히 시간, 공간 및 효과 면에서 협약의 국내법 전환의 어려움이 존재한다. 본 논문은 WHO의 담배규제기본협약 상의 ‘건강’을 분석하여 동 협약에서의 건강권이 기본적 권리임을 기초로 하여, 각 당사국의 국내법 전환을 위한 일반적 의무를 어떻게 이행하고 있는지 검토한다. 유엔과 세계보건기구(WHO) 등 국제기구가 발표한 자료를 토대로 시기적, 공간적, 효과적 면에서 협약의 일반적 의무 이행 현황을 분석하였다. 이러한 분석에 있어 약정시간, 국내발효시기, 국내입법시기 등에 대하여 비교 분석하였다. 공간적으로는 세계 6개 대륙의 발효 현황, 미약정 상황, 이행을 하지 못한 이유 등을, 효과면에서는 담배규제에 대한 국내법의 효력 수준, 규제 형태, 구체적 내용을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 담배규제기본협약 체결 이후 각국의 이행에 대한 회고와 각국이 이행의 차이 등을 정리하여 향후 동 조약에 가입하는 국가를 위한 시사점을 제공하고, 국제 및 지역 간 흡역규제 협력을 강화하는데 도움이 될 것이라 본다. In 2020, the COVID-19, which spreads all over the world, leads public attention back to the right of health. Regardless of race and wealth, the health right belongs to all the mankind. Studies have shown that about 0.6% of the gases released from the burning of tobacco products are harmful, and 0.2% are carcinogenic or possibly carcinogenic. This figure is quite different from that of other global health problems such as AIDS, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer, but the first international convention promoted by the WHO was the framework convention on tobacco control (FCTC). Since the tobacco control convention attaches great importance to the right to health, pays attention to reducing the cost of protecting the right to health from the perspective of prevention, and controls the smoking activity itself with low cost and high benefit, the convention has gained unprecedented recognition in the world, and has become one of the international conventions with the most contracting parties in the world. At present, more than 90 percent of countries have joined the convention, so it can be said that the prospect of its implementation is optimistic. In the context of the new era, the implementation process should focus on the construction of a comprehensive smoke-free environment and the infringement of minors by tobacco, including new-type tobacco. Just as the theme of World No Tobacco Day 2020: the tobacco industry is attacking the next generation. The legal effect of the tobacco control convention is actually the legal effect of the tobacco control convention in the country of the contracting states, which requires the contracting states to actively fulfill the general obligation of the transformation of domestic laws, so as to build a world defense line that jointly gives priority to the protection of the right to health, a basic human right. Although the convention on tobacco control article 5 paragraphs 1 and 2 (b) the common rules for tobacco control legislation obligation of the parties, but because of the convention on tobacco control principle and general, is still in the process of the implementation of the strategy of comprehensive smoke-free in time, space, and exposed the convention on the law effect dimensions into many weak links, to further give full play to the convention on tobacco control to maintain public health and promote the positive role of the right to health, measures should be taken by optimization. The research significance of this paper is as follows: first, it is helpful to sort out the practice of general obligations of the convention macroscopically. Secondly, it is helpful to make up for the excessive principle and generality of the convention by analyzing the relevant situations of contracting countries. Thirdly, the implementation of the comprehensive smoke-free strategy is conducive to understanding the weak links in time and space in the implementation of the convention. Fourth, it is conducive to proposing targeted and effective measures in the process of deepening the implementation of the convention. Fifth, it is conducive to making up for the hysteresis of the convention, so that the convention will continue to play a positive role in human health. Through the analysis of “health” in the text of the tobacco control convention, this paper demonstrates that the tobacco control convention takes the basic human right of health as the theoretical cornerstone, and strengthens the general obligation of the contracting states to carry out the transformation of the convention towards domestic law. Based on the data released by the United Nations, the World Health Organization and other international organizations, the implementation of the general obligations of the convention will be analyzed in terms of time, space and effect.

중국 위쳇상행위의 위법위험과 그 방지대책에 관한 고찰

장광군 ( Zhang Guang Jun ),윤박 ( Yin Bo ) 현대중국학회 2021 現代中國硏究 Vol.22 No.4

중국의 위쳇상(wechat商)은 사교플랫폼에 뿌리를 둔 새로운 전자상거래 형태로, 이미 엄청난 거래량으로 중국 전자상거래에서 중요한 부분으로 자리잡고 있다. 2019년 1월 1일 시행된 ‘전자거래법(电子商务法)’이 위쳇상의 법적 지위를 명화히 하고 있다고는 하지만, 위쳇상행위에 대한 구체적 규정이 불명확한데, 이는 사교플랫폼과 관련한 입법이 부족하여 위쳇상행위가 여전히 위법한 행위로 될 위험이 많아 사회적 문제로 되고 있다. 현재 위쳇상은 중국정부가 대중 창업시대를 맞아 개인플랫폼 방식의 비지니스를 보호하고 장려하는 중요한 상거래방식이다. 하지만, 사교 및 개인플롯폼이라는 한계로 인해 사기범죄 등 위법행위의 위험이 발생하고 있다. 이에 위쳇상의 위법한 행위의 위험성을 정확히 파악하고, 위쳇상의 건전한 상행위를 위해 어떠한 현실적 문제가 내재하고 있는지 파악하여 해결할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 중국 위쳇상의 법률적 지위와 운영형태의 개선을 위해 현행 법률에서의 규제부족, 업계의 영향력 부재, 정부부처의 관리가 어려운 점과 사교플랫폼 감독 부족 등의 문제에 대하여 업계, 사교플랫폼, 관련 부문, 위쳇상 등 여러 주체가 참여하는 위법위험 방지체계를 구축하여 중국 위쳇상거래의 지속적이고 발전가능한 방안을 제시하였다. Chinese wechat business is a new e-commerce model rooted in social platform, which has become an important part of Chinese e-commerce market with its huge trading volume. Although the “e-commerce law of the people’s Republic of China” implemented on January 1, 2019 clearly defines the legal status of wechat business, the specific rules of wechat business are not clear, and the related legislation on social platform is insufficient. The wechat business still faces many compliance risks and its social reputation needs to be improved. Wechat business is a business model worthy of protection and promotion of its compliance development in the era of Chinese government encouraging mass entrepreneurship. It is a rational choice to accurately identify the compliance risks of wechat business, actively seek the way of compliance of wechat business, change the negative image of wechat business in the public mind, and promote the orderly development of wechat business industry, which is also an urgent practical problem faced by Chinese wechat business. On the basis of clarifying the legal status and business model of Chinese wechat business, this paper proposes to build a compliance risk involving the participation of industry organizations, law enforcement departments and wechat business operators, aiming at the problems such as insufficient regulation of wechat business, lack of influence of industry organizations, regulatory dilemma of government departments and insufficient regulatory power of social platforms The prevention and control system helps the sustained and healthy development of Chinese wechat business.

Decriminalization Path of Gene Editing (Cloning) Embryo Implantation Experiments Related to Human

장광군(张,光君)(Zhang Guang-jun) 원광대학교 법학연구소 2021 의생명과학과 법 Vol.25 No.-

중화인민공화국 「형법」 초안은 “인체 관련 유전자 편집(복제) 배아이식 행위”에 대하여 “국가의 관련 규정을 위반”한 경우가 아니면 범죄에 해당하지 않는다는 조문해석의 여지를 남겼다. 하지만, 「형법」 개정안(11) 제39조는 “국가 관련 규정 위반”의 초안 규정을 삭제함으로써 동 행위는 불법이며, 어떠한 경우에도 허용될 여지가 없음을 명확히 하였다. 이로 인해 인체와 관련한 유전자 편집(복제) 배아이식실험도 당연히 범죄로 되어 처벌대상이 된다. 즉, 이러한 행위는 국가가 별도로 규정한 사항인 ‘유전자 조작 복제배아 불법이식죄’로 사법해석을 할 수는 없지만, 범죄의 불법적 요소를 근거로 실험의 합법을 유도할수도 없다는 것이다. 인체 관련 유전자 편집(복제) 배아이식실험으로 발생하는 죄는 입법기술에 있어 ‘응수형 입법’이자 ‘예방형 입법’으로, 결국 법적 규제의 공백을 막기 위해 어쩔 수 없는 일종의 ‘응급입법’이라 볼 수 있다. 이러한 행위에 대한 법적 규제가 인간의 유전적 안전확보라든지 유전자 편집기술의 연구 등의 질서를 유지하는데 도움이 되겠지만, 헌법상 학술연구의 자유를 침해하고, 유전자 편집 등 첨단기술 발전을 저해하며, 유전적 질병치료와 우생학 발전 등의 기회를 상실할 수도 있다. 따라서 적법성과 합리성인 해석방법을 통해 형사사법실천에서 선별적으로 비범죄화 할지의 여부는 중대한 이론적 문제이자 시급한 현실적 문제이다. 한편, “인체 관련 유전자 편집(복제) 배아이식 행위” 중 그 행위가 심각한 경우에 범죄를 구성한다는 것은 범죄구성의 총체적 규범평가요소로서 이 같은 실험을 비범죄화 할 수 있는 길을 열어준다. 사법해석에는 주관기관의 승인을 받지 않은 경우를 ‘사안의 심각’으로 규정하고 있어 일부 승인된 실험은 범죄가 되지 않을 수도 있다. 그러므로 ‘행위의 심각성’에 대하여 유전자 편집기술과 생명윤리 등을 고려하여 명확한 입법화를 통해 비범죄화 해석이 가능하도록 하여야 할 것이다. Article 39 of the amendment to the criminal law of the people s Republic of China (11) finally deleted the “violation of the relevant provisions of the state” in the draft, which means that the act of gene editing (cloning) embryo implantation related to human body itself is illegal, and there is no premise to be allowed. Gene editing (cloning) embryo implantation experiments related to human also belongs to the punishment scope of this crime. There is no such expression as “violating the relevant provisions of the state” in the accusations of the crime, although it can not be inferred that it is illegal for the judicial interpretation to summarize the crime as “the crime of illegal gene editing and embryo cloning”; However, we can not deduce the legality of such experiments according to the “illegal” elements added in the charges. The legislation of this crime is not only a kind of responsive legislation, but also a kind of preventive legislation. In the final analysis, it is an emergency legislation that must be adopted to prevent the “vacuum period” of legal regulation. Although it is conducive to ensuring the safety of human genetics and maintaining the management order of the research and application of gene editing technology, it violates the freedom of academic research in the constitution, and may also lose the opportunity to develop cutting-edge technologies such as gene editing, treat genetic diseases, develop liberal eugenics and expand basic rights. Therefore, it is an important theoretical issue as well as an urgent practical issue whether we can find a way of interpretation with both legitimacy and rationality to decriminalize such experiments selectively in criminal justice practice. The “serious circumstances” in the description of the crime, as the “integral standard evaluation element” of the crime constitution, can open up a path of decriminalization for such experiments. On the one hand, the situation of “not approved by the competent authority” can be included in the scope of “serious circumstances” by means of timely judicial interpretation, so as to decriminalize some approved experiments. On the other hand, “serious circumstances” is actually forcing the administrative legislation of gene editing (cloning) technology to legislate as soon as possible. In the future, according to the development of gene editing technology and ethics, we can gradually expand the scope of administrative license for such experiments, and find the path of decriminalization from the perspective of the unity of legal order and the relativity of illegal judgment.《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(十一)》第39条最终删除了草案中的“违反国家有关规定”,意味着与人体有关的基因编辑(克隆)胚胎植入行为本身即是非法的,不存在被允许的前提。与人体有关的基因编辑(克隆)胚胎植入实验当然也属于该罪的处罚范围。该罪罪状之中没有“违反国家有关规定”等等类似表述,虽然不能由此推断司法解释将其罪名概括为“非法植入基因编辑、克隆胚胎罪”不合法;但是,也不能根据罪名之中增加的“非法”要素,就推导出此类实验合法。 该罪的立法,既是一种回应型立法,也是一种预防型立法,归根结底是为了防止出现法律规制的“真空期”,而不得已采取的一种应急性立法。它虽然有利于确保人类遗传安全、维护基因编辑技术研究和应用的管理秩序,但是侵犯了宪法上的学术研究自由,也可能丧失发展基因编辑等前沿技术、治疗遗传性疾病、发展自由主义优生学扩大基本权利的机遇。因此,能否寻找到一条兼具合法性ߎ

Impact of Global and Gene-Specific DNA Methylation in de Novo or Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Decitabine

Zhang, Li-Ying,Yuan, You-Qing,Zhou, Dong-Ming,Wang, Zi-Yan,Ju, Song-Guang,Sun, Yu,Li, Jun,Fu, Jin-Xiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.1

In this investigation, global DNA methylation patterns and the specific methylation status of 5 genes were studied in DNA from peripheral blood (PB) and impact on progression free survival (PFS) and overall-survival (OS) in patients with de novo or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with decitabine-based regimens waas assessed. DNA was isolated from PB samples at the time of -1, 1, and 7 days of chemotherapy. Global methylation was determined by ELISA, and the CpG island DNA methylation profile of 5 genes using a DNA methylation PCR system. Our data demonstrated that patients with a high level of 5-mC had a poor prognosis after demethylation therapy and those who have low levels of 5-mC in PB achieved higher CR and better SO, but there was no significant correlation found between the 5-mC levels and other clinical features before treatment except the disease status. Higher methylation status of Sox2 and Oct4 genes was associated with differential response to demethylation therapy. A relatively low methylation percentage in one or both of these two genes was also associated with longer OS after decitabine based chemotherapy. We also suggest that global DNA and Oct-4/Sox2 methylation might impact on the pathogenesis of leukemia and play an important role in the initiation and progression. Moreover, dynamic analysis of 5-mC and Oct-4/Sox2 in peripheral blood nucleated cells of leukemia patients may provide clues to important molecular diagnostic and prognostic targets.