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Application of Duhamel’s Theorem in the Analysis of the Thermal Field of a Rectangular Busbar
Marek Zaręba 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.1
The paper presents the method of thermal field analysis in a rectangular busbar taking into account the variable resistivity. The method is based on the analytical solution of the heat conduction equation. The boundary-initial problem was solved using the Duhamel’s theorem. The suitable step response of the system was determined by the separation of variables method. By means of presented method, a stationary and transient thermal field was determined in the rectangular busbar taking into account variable resistivity. The steady-state currents rating as well as the time constants of the busbar in case of variable and average resistivity were also determined. The results obtained was verified using the finite element method.
Chemical Resistance of Diaporthe citri against Systemic Fungicides on Citrus
Zar Zar Soe,Yong Ho Shin,Hyun Su Kang,전용철 한국식물병리학회 2023 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.39 No.4
Citrus melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, has been one of the serious diseases, and chemical fungicides were used for protection in many citrus orchards of Jeju Island. Establishing a disinfectant resistance management system and reducing pesticide usage would be important for contributing to safe agricultural production. In this study, monitoring of chemical resistance was performed with 40 representative D. citri isolates from many citrus orchards in Jeju Island. Four different fungicides, kresoxim-methyl, benomyl, fluazinam, and prochloraz manganese, with seven different concentrations were tested in vitro by growing the mycelium of the fungal isolates on the artificial medium potato dextrose agar. Among the 40 fungal isolates, 12 isolates were investigated as resistant to kresoxim-methyl which could not inhibit the mycelium growth to more than 50%. Especially isolate NEL21-2 was also resistant against benomyl, whose hyphae grew well even on the highest chemical concentration. However, any chemical resistance of fungal isolates was found against neither fluazinam nor prochloraz manganese. On the other hand, in vivo bio-testing of some resistant isolates was performed against both kresoxim-methyl and benomyl on young citrus leaves. Typical melanose symptoms developed on the citrus leaves pre-treated with both agrochemicals after inoculation with the resistant isolates. However, no or less symptoms were observed when the susceptible isolates were inoculated. Based on these results, it was suggested that some resistant isolates of D. citri occurred against both systemic fungicides, which may be valuable to build a strategy for protecting citrus disease.
Rapid Identification of Diaporthe citri by Gene Sequence Analysis
Zar Zar Soe,신용호,Hyun Su Kang,Mi Jin Kim,전용철 한국식물병리학회 2023 식물병연구 Vol.29 No.2
Citrus melanoses caused by Diaporthe citri, has been one of the serious diseases in many citrus orchards of Jeju Island. To protect melanose in citrus farms, a fast and exact diagnosis method is necessary. In this study, diseased leaves and dieback twigs were collected from a total of 49 farms within March to April in 2022. A total of 465 fungal isolates were obtained from a total of 358 isolated plant samples. Among these fungal isolates, 40 representatives of D. citri isolates which were isolated from 22 twigs and 18 leaves on 23 farms were found based on cultural characteristics on potato dextrose agar and conidial morphology. Additionally, the molecular assay was carried out and compared with those by morphological diagnosis. All isolates were identified as D. citri by analyzing the sequences at the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region using primers of ITS1/ITS4 or at β-tubulin using primer Btdcitri-F/R. Therefore, based on the present study, where the results of morphological identification of conidial type were consistent with DNA sequence analysis of certain gene, choosing a suitable method for a fast diagnosis of citrus melanose was suggested.
Evaluation of an open-source collaborative web-GIS prototype in risk management with students
Zar Chi Aye,Marie Charriere,Roya Olyazadeh,Marc-Henri Derron 대한공간정보학회 2016 Spatial Information Research Vol.24 No.3
Over the past decades, advancements in web services and web-based geospatial technologies have led to increasing delivery, access and analysis of rich spatial information over the web. With the use of open access data and open-source technology, it has become possible for policy and decision makers to make more transparent and informed decisions. Under the framework of the CHAN- GES project, a prototype web-based collaborative decision support platform was developed for the evaluation and selection of risk management measures, mainly targeting flood and landslide hazards. The design of the conceptual framework was based on the initial observations obtained from field visits and stakeholders’ meetings at the case study areas of the project. A three-tier client–server architecture backed up by Boundless (OpenGeo) was applied with its client side development environment for rapid prototyping. This developed prototype was tested with university students to obtain feedback on the con- ceptual and technical aspects of the platform as well as to analyse how the application of interactive tools during an exercise could assist students in studying and understand- ing risk management. During the exercise, different roles (authorities, technicians, community) were assigned to each group of students for identification and selection of risk mitigation measures in a study area: Cucco village located in Malborghetto-Valbruna municipality of North- Eastern Italy. Data were collected by means of written feedback forms on specific aspects of the platform and the exercise. The subsequent analysis of the feedback reveals that students with previous experience in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) responded positively and showed interests in performing exercises with such kinds of interactive tools for learning, compared to the ones with fewer or no GIS experience. These results also show that the prototype is useful and supportive as a decision support tool in risk management while user-friendliness, interac- tivity and practical aspects of the platform could be further improved.
( Zar Chi Hlaing ),( Victor K Teplyakov ) 한국임학회 2012 한국임학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2012 No.-
Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f) is one of the most important valuable hardwood species that is being planted extensively in many countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Due to shrinking of the natural forest including the natural teak forests, teak plantations are being established with a view to enhance the natural stock of teak and to build up a wood capital for the future. This study was carried out in two places in Bago Yoma Range - Bago (East Bago Yoma) and Paukkaung (West Bago Yoma) to investigate the growth of teak plantations in order to provide information on establishment and management of commercial teak plantations. There were three aged classes (10, 15 and 20 years old) of plantations in both sites. We established 12 sample plots in each site (totally 24 sample plots in both sites). The diameter breast height (DBH) and height for all stands in each plot were measured, and totally 223 trees from the sample plots in Bago site and 216 trees in Paukkaung site were selected randomly for taking the core samples to measure the tree-ring width. Soil samples were also taken at the 0-50 cm depth by using 3 sample points method in each sample plot. We found that the average DBH growth rate of plantations was 1.23 (± 0.62) cmyr-1 in Bago site and 1.40 (± 0.95) cmy-1 in Paukkaung site, and mean annual increment (MAI) was 3.7 m3ha-1yr-1 and 4.8m3ha-1yr-1, respectively. This study concludes that both study sites are suitable for thee stablishment of teak plantations consider in gecological conditions : weather, soil properties and topography. The results of this study provide factual status of teak plantations to assist foresters, forest managers and decision makers in reviewing plantation forestry and also the tree-ring analysis contributes to network of teak dendrochronologies in Myanmar.
Zar Chi Hlaing,Victor K Teplyakov,Naw May Lay Thant 한국산림과학회 2014 Forest Science And Technology Vol.10 No.1
The anatomical features of tree rings reflect information about past climatic conditions, and the variation of rainfall patternsfrom year to year is reflected in tree-ring width pattern. We studied the relationship between tree-ring width of teak (Tectonagrandis L. f.) and weather conditions at different age classes of two distinct weather condition areas located in Bago YomaRange, Myanmar. The sample plot was 1.0 ha of each investigated plantation and we used a computer-compatible tree-ringmeasuring program (Measure J2X) to measure the tree ring, and the Thornthwaite method for calculating annual moistureindex. The average radial increment of 25-, 20- and 15-year-old plantations was 6.2 mm yr1 while that of the 9-, 10- and12-year-old plantations was 7.6 mm yr1. We found that the tree ring was positively correlated with the annual total rainfallin all plantations but was not significant. However, it showed coherent patterns with the chronologies of standardizedtree-ring width and annual moisture index in both studied sites. Overall, young age plantations were found to be more highlyaffected by the changes in the annual total rainfall than older plantations by height. On the other hand, temperature wasfound to be related negatively to tree ring for mature stage plantations while positively for young plantations.
Forensic SNP Genotyping with SNaPshot: Development of a Novel In-house SBE Multiplex SNP Assay,
Zar, Mian Sahib,Shahid, Ahmad Ali,Shahzad, Muhammad Saqib,Shin, Kyoung-Jin,Lee, Hwan Young,Lee, Sang-Seob,Israr, Muhammad,Wiegand, Peter,Kulstein, Galina Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2018 Journal of forensic sciences Vol.63 No.6