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The association of ambient air pollution with airway inflammation in schoolchildren.
Chen, Bing-Yu,Chan, Chang-Chuan,Lee, Chung-Te,Cheng, Tsun-Jen,Huang, Wen-Chuan,Jhou, Ji-Ci,Han, Yueh-Ying,Chen, Chu-Chih,Guo, Yue Leon School of Hygiene and Public Health of the Johns H 2012 American Journal of Epidemiology Vol.175 No.8
<P>The biologic mechanisms involved in airway inflammatory response to air pollution are not clearly understood. The authors conducted a longitudinal study to investigate whether exposure to ambient air pollutants affected inflammatory cells and mediators from nasal lavage in schoolchildren. Study participants were 100 elementary and middle-school students in New Taipei City, Taiwan. A structured respiratory health questionnaire was administered in September 2007, followed by monthly measurement of nasal inflammation from October 2007 to November 2009. During the study period, daily concentrations of air pollutants were obtained from the Environmental Protection Administration monitoring station and the Aerosol Supersite. Mixed-effects models were applied to examine the association between air pollution and nasal inflammatory cells and mediators, including percentages of neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes in lavaged cells and interleukin-8. A total of 824 measurements were obtained from 100 participants over a period of 10 months. The level of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM(2.5)) was found to be associated with percentage of neutrophils (β = 3.45%, 95% confidence interval: 0.89, 6.01) and interleukin-8 level (β = 29.98 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval: 3.26, 56.69) in the nasal lavage on the day of exposure. In this longitudinal cohort study of schoolchildren, results indicated that exposure to PM(2.5) might induce nasal inflammation.</P>
Yueh-Ming Tai,Chih-Yuan Ko,Chen-Cheng Lin,Yu-Yue Wan,Jing-Yi Chung,Yia-Ping Liu 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.2
Objective Central 5-HT1A receptor is involved in the modulation of sensorimotor gating function. However, its precise role is not clearly defined in developmentally social deprived (isolation rearing, IR) rats featured with impaired sensorimotor gating ability. We therefore aimed to examine the effects of 5HT1A activation on acoustic startle response (ASR) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) in IR rats in a condition of compromised presynaptic 5-HT functions. Methods Social control (SOC) and IR rats received an intracerebraoventricular (ICV) injection of 5-HT depletor, 5,7-DHT. Seven days later rats entered a protocol of 8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT1A agonist, in which locomotor activity, ASR and PPI and their tissue levels of 5-HT were measured. Results Our results found that both IR and 5,7-DHT decreased the tissue concentration of 5-HT. IR-induced hyperactivity and gating impairment were unaffected by 5-HT depletion. 8-OH-DPAT strengthened the ASR in IR but not SOC rats and the drug-reduced PPI could be adjusted by 5,7-DHT pretreatment. 8-OH-DPAT at 100 μg/kg enhanced PPI in 5-HT-depleted SOC rats. However for IR rats, 8-OH-DPAT strengthened PPI in sham rats but downgraded it in depletion condition. Conclusion The integrity of central 5-HT system is important to 5-HT1A-modulated sensorimotor gating in isolation-reared rats.
A Pediatric Oncology Diverse Learning Course on Caring for nursing students’ reflection
Miao Hsing Chen,Shu-Chuan Chang,Yu-Ping Huang,Yueh Chih Chen 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Aim(s): This study aimed to determine if a pediatric oncology diverse learning course could enhance nursing students’ theoretical knowledge and understanding of clinical care for children with leukemia and their families. Method(s): This was a qualitative retrospective study. Data were collected in July 2016. Participants were college nursing students (N = 33) enrolled in a diverse learning course in pediatric oncology, which was taught between November 2014 and January 2015 at a science and technology university in Taiwan. The three-part course included reading picture books, participating in role-playing, and watching a cancer-related family movie. Focus group discussions occurred during each part. Students maintained written reflections during the course, which were submitted to an e-learning website. Reflections were analyzed using content analysis. Result(s): Students’ reflections resulted in five main themes: (1) Pediatric oncology nursing knowledge and skills learned; (2) Understanding children with leukemia and their families suffering; (3) Empathy parents’ and children’s reactions to the effects of leukemia; (4) Nursing skills necessary for caring for children with leukemia; and (5) Expect future role as a pediatric oncology nurse. Conclusion(s): The pediatric oncology simulation course employed multiple teaching strategies. The improvements in student cognition, empathy, and understanding of care requirements of children with leukemia and emotional needs of families as pediatric oncology nurses suggest the teaching objectives of enhancing student learning were achieved. The knowledge and skills acquired could assist students in developing professional competencies and values in nursing.
Post-Acute Care as a Key Component in a Healthcare System for Older Adults
Yu-Chun Wang,Ming-Yueh Chou,Chih-Kuang Liang,Li-Ning Peng,Liang-Kung Chen,Ching-Hui Loh 대한노인병학회 2019 Annals of geriatric medicine and research Vol.23 No.2
Older adults often experience functional decline following acute medical care. This func-tional decline may lead to permanent disability, which will increase the burden on the medical and long-term care systems, families, and society as a whole. Post-acute care aims to promote the functional recovery of older adults, prevent unnecessary hospital readmission, and avoid premature admission to a long-term care facility. Research has shown that post-acute care is a cost-effective service model, with both the hospital-at-home and community hospital post-acute care models being highly effective. This paper describes the post-acute care models of the United States and the United Kingdom and uses the example of Taiwan’s highly effective post-acute care system to explain the bene-fits and importance of post-acute care. In the face of rapid demographic aging and smaller household size, a post-acute care system can lower medical costs and improve the health of older adults after hospitalization.
Bamboo Charcoal/Quick-Dry/Metallic Elastic Knits: Manufacturing Techniques and Property Evaluations
Jia-Horng Lin,Chih Hung He,Mong-Chuan Lee,Yueh-Sheng Chen,Ching-Wen Lou 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.7
Protective clothing with electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) is a functional textile, which shieldselectromagnetic waves to protect the human body from the far infrared rays. Traditional EMSE garments primarily usemetallic plates for reflecting electromagnetic interference (EMI). However, they also have disadvantages of a heavy weight,easy corrosion, and high production cost. In this study, three different functional yarns are combined, during which the twistnumber of metallic wires is changed for a better shielding effect. A crochet machine is used to fabricate functional elasticknits with the metallic composite yarns as the warp- and weft-inlaid yarns. The test results show that double (D) functionalelastic knits exhibit EMSE of above 20 dB when the EMI are between 1.0 and 3.0 GHz. In addition, the knit structure canimprove breaking tensile strength by 170 % and increases bursting strength by 58 %, but undermines the tear strength by10 %. Although changing twist number of metallic composite yarns does not affect water absorption rate along the weftdirection, it helps increasing elastic recovery rate by 3.1 %, water absorption rate along the warp direction by 106 %, farinfraredemissivity by 2.3 %, water vapor transmission rate by 20 %, and air permeability by 6 %.
Chuan-Te Tsai,Yung-Ming Chang,Shu-Luan Lin,Yueh-Sheng Chen,Yu-Lan Yeh,Viswanadha Vijaya Padma,Chin-Chuan Tsai,Ray-Jade Chen,Tsung-Jung Ho,Chih-Yang Huang 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.3
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a very important cardiovascular disease inducer and may cause cardiac pathological hypertrophy and remodeling. We evaluated a Chinese traditional medicine, alpinate oxyphyllae fructus (AOF), for therapeutic efficacy for treating Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. AOF has been used to treat patients with various symptoms accompanying hypertension and cerebrovascular disorders in Korea. We investigated its protective effect against Ang II-induced cytoskeletal change and hypertrophy in H9c2 cells. The results showed that treating cells with Ang II resulted in pathological hypertrophy, such as increased expression of transcription factors NFAT-3/p-NFAT-3, hypertrophic response genes (atrial natriuretic peptide [ANP] and b-type natriuretic peptide [BNP]), and Gαq down-stream effectors (PLCβ3 and calcineurin). Pretreatment with AOF (60–100 μg/mL) led to significantly reduced hypertrophy. We also found that AOF pretreatment significantly suppressed the cardiac remodeling proteins, metalloproteinase (MMP9 and MMP2), and plasminogen activator, induced by Ang II challenge. In conclusion, we provide evidence that AOF protects against Ang II-induced pathological hypertrophy by specifically inhibiting the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II/IIR-related signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. AOF might be a candidate for cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular remodeling prevention in chronic cardiovascular diseases.
Progressive failure of metal–composite hybrid wheels under impact
Shun-Fa Hwang,Hui-Lun Yu,Yu-Jen Liu,Yuder Chen,Shih-Chieh Chen,Yueh-Chih Hsieh 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.1
An 18-in hybrid wheel consisting of an aluminum alloy disk and a composite rim under 13° impact test is considered in this study. The rim is made of carbon fabric/polyurethane composites fabricated by resin transfer molding. Explicit finite element analysis with progressive failure function is used to investigate the failure situation of the hybrid wheel and the suitable braid angle of the braided composite. The effective elastic constants and strengths of the braided composites predicted by basic finite element analyses are adopted, whereas the true stress–strain curve of aluminum is used for the disk. Simulation results indicate that the aluminum alloy disk is safe after the impact test, whereas the rim is damaged. The volume of failed elements after impact simulation is selected as an indicator to obtain a quantity that can be used to represent the damage situation of the rim. Compared with the test results of a real hybrid wheel with [±30°] fiber angle in the rim, the hybrid wheel with fiber angle in the rim that is greater than [±30°] could pass the impact test.