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Distribution of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in the Livestock Farm Environments
( Youngji Kim ),( Kun-ho Seo ),( Binn Kim ),( Jung-whan Chon ),( Dongryeoul Bae ),( Jin-hyeok Yim ),( Tae-jin Kim ),( Dongkwan Jeong ),( Kwang-young Song ) 한국낙농식품응용생물학회(구 한국유가공학회) 2021 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.39 No.1
The surroundings of livestock farms, including dairy farms, are known to be a major source of development and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To control antibioticresistant bacteria in the livestock breeding environment, farms have installed livestock wastewater treatment facilities to treat wastewater before discharging the final effluent in nearby rivers or streams. These facilities have been known to serve as hotspots for inter-bacterial antibiotic-resistance gene transfer and extensively antibiotic-resistant bacteria, owing to the accumulation of various antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the livestock breeding environment. This review discusses antibiotic usage in livestock farming, including dairy farms, livestock wastewater treatment plants as hotspots for antibiotic resistant bacteria, and nonenteric gram-negative bacteria from wastewater treatment plants, and previous findings in literature.
Oh, Joo Youn,Kim, Mee Kum,Lee, Hyun Ju,Ko, Jung Hwa,Kim, Youngji,Park, Chan-Sik,Kang, Hee Jung,Park, Chung-Gyu,Kim, Sang Joon,Lee, Jin Hak,Wee, Won Ryang Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Xenotransplantation Vol.17 No.2
<P>Oh JY, Kim MK, Lee HJ, Ko JH, Kim Y, Park CS, Kang HJ, Park CG, Kim SJ, Lee JH, Wee WR. Complement depletion with cobra venom factor delays acute cell-mediated rejection in pig-to-mouse corneal xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2010; 17: 140–146. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.</P><P>Abstract: Background: </P><P>We have demonstrated earlier that porcine corneal xenografts underwent an acute cell-mediated rejection in mice despite the absence of T cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of complement depletion by cobra venom factor (CVF) on the corneal xenograft rejection in a pig-to-mouse model.</P><P>Methods: </P><P>Porcine corneas were orthotopically transplanted into C57BL/6 (B6) and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. For complement depletion, 25 <I>&mgr;</I>g of CVF (1 g/kg bodyweight) was injected intraperitoneally on the day before and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after transplantation. Graft survival was clinically assessed by slit lamp biomicroscopy and the median survival time (MST) was calculated. The grafts were histologically evaluated serially after transplantation using antibodies against CD4, CD8, NK1.1, and F4/80.</P><P>Results: </P><P>The CVF treatment significantly prolonged the porcine corneal xenograft survival in both B6 (MST 9.4 vs. 15.5 days; P = 0.0011) and SCID mice (MST 16.4 vs. 20.5 days; P = 0.0474). Histologically, whereas macrophages and CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells were progressively infiltrated into porcine corneal grafts in CVF-untreated B6 mice, the infiltration by both cells was markedly delayed and decreased in the xenografts in CVF-treated B6 mice. Likewise, macrophage infiltration, which was prominent in rejected porcine xenografts in SCID mice, was also reduced in CVF-treated SCID mice.</P><P>Conclusions: </P><P>Our results suggest that complement depletion by CVF delayed, although did not prevent, an acute cell-mediated rejection in a pig-to-mouse corneal xenotransplantation.</P>
Kim, Sun Mi,Park, Dahee,Yuk, Youngji,Kim, Sang Hoon,Park, Jeong Young The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Faraday discussions Vol.162 No.-
<P>We report the hot carrier-driven catalytic activity of two-dimensional arrays of Pt nanoparticles on GaN substrate under light irradiation. In order to elucidate the effect of a hot carrier in a catalytic chemical reaction, the CO oxidation reaction was carried out on Pt nanoparticles on p- and n-type GaN under light irradiation. Metal catalysts composed of Pt nanoparticles were prepared using two different preparation methods: the one-pot polyol reduction and arc plasma deposition methods. Under light irradiation, the catalytic activity of the Pt nanoparticles supported on GaN exhibited a distinct change depending on the doping type. The catalytic activity of the Pt nanoparticles on the n-doped GaN wafer decreased by 8–28% under light irradiation, compared to no irradiation (<I>i.e.</I>, in the dark), while the Pt nanoparticles on the p-doped GaN wafer increased by 11–33% under light irradiation, compared to no irradiation. The catalytic activity increased on the smaller Pt nanoparticles, compared to the larger nanoparticles, presumably due to the mean free path of hot carriers. Based on these results, we conclude that the flow of hot carriers generated at the Pt–GaN interface during light irradiation is responsible for the change in catalytic activity on the Pt nanoparticles.</P>
Kim, Youngji,Jung, Kyungmin,Cho, Jiung,Hyun, Jerome K. American Chemical Society 2019 ACS NANO Vol.13 No.9
<P>Despite their distinctive chemical properties, lossy metals are generally avoided in the design of structural colors because the optical losses can degrade the color vibrancy. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy that allows lossy metals supporting near-wavelength dielectric gratings to achieve high color vibrancy by benefiting from the optical loss rather than suffering from it. By exciting the grating rotated 45° relative to the incident field, s-polarized (s-pol) and p-polarized (p-pol) light each excites a spectrally distinct resonance, described by a treatment of coupled waveguide-array modes, that retards the phase over the wavelength. Owing to the birefringence, a cross-polarized reflection spectrum displays two sharp peaks from each component that decreases the monochromaticity. We show that lossy metals can minimize the p-pol contribution, leaving the sharp s-pol response to determine the spectrum and generate high color vibrancy. Through this scheme, we demonstrate that lossy metal substrates including Pt, a catalytically active metal, and W, a CMOS-compatible metal, can achieve larger sRGB gamut coverage ratios of 90% and 69%, respectively, than that of 55% from Ag, while maintaining similar pixel contrast ratios to that of Ag.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
김영지(Youngji Kim),염용철(Yong-Cheul Yeum),김현철(Hyeoncheol Kim),이원규(WonGyu Lee) 한국정보과학회 2005 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.32 No.1
웹을 기반으로 한 프로그래밍 교육 시스템에 관하여 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔으나 대부분의 연구는 강의 노트의 제공 방법, 또는 하이퍼링크 상에서의 효과적인 네비게이션 방법과 같은 원격 교육 시스템에 국한된 내용이었다. 그러나 프로그래밍 교육은 그 특성상 강의노트의 제공 방법이나 하이퍼링크 상에서의 효과적인 네비게이션 방법보다도 많은 양의 과제를 통한 연습 기회의 제공과 각 과제에서의 교수자와 학습자간의 친밀하고 개인적인 상호작용이 학습자의 학업성취도에 더욱 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 원격 교육 시스템의 관점에서 더 나아가 교수자가 학습자에게 많은 양의 과제를 통한 연습의 기회를 부여 할 수 있고 각 과제당 교수자와 학습자간의 상호작용을 극대화할 수 있는 웹 기반 프로그래밍 교육 시스템을 구현하였다. 웹 기반 프로그래밍 교육 시스템은 학습자에게 시간과 장소에 구애됨이 없이 웹 브라우저를 이용하여 프로그램을 코딩하거나 컴파일할 수 있고 SPLINT를 통한 분석결과를 통해 즉시 피드백을 받을 수 있는 환경을 제공한다. 또한 교수자에게 많은 수의 학생들의 과제를 관리하고 교수자의 평가 기준에 의해 한꺼번에 자동으로 평가할 수 있는 환경을 제공하여 준다. 이러한 웹 기반 프로그래밍 교육 시스템은 웹을 이용한 프로그래밍 교육을 면대면 학습에 더욱 가깝게 만들어준다. 현재 웹 기반 프로그래밍 교육시스템은 K대학교 컴퓨터교육과 1학년 재학생들을 대상으로 한 C 프로그래밍 강좌에 사용되고 있다.
캡스톤 간호연구 수업이 문제해결능력, 학업성취도 및 학습만족도에 미치는 효과
김은휘(Kim, EunHwi),고영지(Ko, YoungJi),김상남(Kim, SangNam) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2016 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.16 No.10
본 연구는 학습자의 능동적 참여를 포함하는 캡스톤 간호연구 수업을 개발하여 적용한 후 간호학생의 문제해결능력, 학업성취도 및 학습만족도에 미치는 효과를 검증하고자 시행되었다. 본 연구는 이질집단 사전·사후 설계의 유사실험연구로 연구의 대상자는 G시에 소재하는 K대학 간호학과 3학년 학생으로 캡스톤 간호연구 수업(실험군 44명)과 전통적인 간호연구 수업(대조군 41명)에 참여한 학생이다. 자료는 2015년 8월에서 10월 사이 자가보고식 설문조사를 통해 수집되었고, PASW Statistics (SPSS) WIN 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 실수와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, χ2-test,independent t-test로 분석하였다. 캡스톤 간호연구 수업은 문제해결능력에 유의한효과를 보였고(t=2.97, p=.004), 집단 간 학습만족도에도 유의한 차이를 보였으나 (t=2.45, p=.016), 학업성취도(t=0.88, p=.384)에는 유의한 효과를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 간호학생의 역량증진을 위해 학습자 중심의 자기주도적 학습경험을 포함하는 캡스톤 간호연구 수업의 적용이 확대되어야 함을 시사한다 The purpose of this study was to verify effects of a capstone nursing research course for nursing students. This quasi-experimental study was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Subjects were 85 third year nursing students(Experimental group=44, control group=41). The experimental group had taken part in a capstone nursing research course and the control group did a traditional nursing research course. Data, regarding ability of problem-solving, and achievement and satisfaction of study, were collected from August 27 to Octobor 31 in 2015 and analyzed with two sample t-test using PASW Statistics (SPSS) 18.0 program. Ability of problem-solving was significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group(t=2.97, p=.004) and satisfaction of study was significantly different between two groups(t=2.45, p=.016). But achievement of study (t=0.88, p=.384) was not significantly increased. Application of capstone nursing research course has to be extended to increase nursing competencies.