중년기 남성의 피로대처에 관한 주관성

윤은자,류은정,전미영,황윤영 성인간호학회 2002 성인간호학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Poupose: The purpose of this study is to identify factors that affect coping with fatigue in middle-aged men according to Q-methodology and to provide basic strategies for health promotion. Method; 25 subjects in Seoul, Incheon, Chung-buk classified 24 selected Q-statements in to 9 points standard. The collected data were analyzed by using a QUNAL pc program. Result; Principal component analysis identified 3 types of coping with fatigue among middle-aged Korean men. 1st Type : Coping with fatigue through various kinds of game, using alcohol, smoking cigarette other than rest and sleep. 2nd Type : Coping with fatigue through rest and sleep, taking medicine or food which helps relieving fatigue. 3rd Type : coping with fatigue through acitivities such as sports or trip other than sleep. Conclusion: We have found how Korean middle-aged men cope against fatigue through this research. To setup and apply different nursing intervention on each type based on this result is needed.

고속 다중 파장망을 위한 효율적인 채널 예약 프로토콜

李湖淑,李東垠,金永川 全北大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.41 No.-

In the high speed multi-wavelength networks, signal propagation delay time is much larger than the transmission time of data packet. So retransmission overhead due to destination conflict or control packet collision is one factor of performance degradation. An efficient WDMA protocol with a collision avoidance mechanism is proposed for high speed optical networks. It can be applied to the WDM single-hop network with a passive star topology. In proposed protocol, each node has source queues and routing table to store routing information. This architecture makes it possible to avoid any kind of collision when a node reserves the channel to transmit a data packet. High system thoughput and channel utilization can be achieved by proposed protocol since there are no discarded packets caused by any collision at transmission time. The performance of proposed is evaluated in terms of throughput and delay with variations in offered load. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has superior performance to conventional protocols under nonuniform as well as uniform traffic.

일 간호대학의 지역사회 방문간호사업 사례

강윤숙,최양자,고영애,전시자,조갑출,이옥철,주혜경,신기수,안은숙 적십자간호전문대학 2000 적십자간호전문대학논문집 Vol.22 No.-

광양만 유역 퇴적토 중의 다환방향족탄화수소류

정흥호,정호승,김은영,조환익,황주찬,최상원 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.6

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in sediments of Kwangyang bay on Korea, have been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometery (GC/MS). The average content of total PAHs in all samples was 2,211ppb, and the range was from 36 to 22,699pph. The higher concentrations were found in sediment sampled near Kwangyang iron processing plant, Taeindo. The resulting distributions of PAHs according to the number of aromatic ring and molecular ratios of specific aromatic compounds (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene) have been discussed in terms of sample location, origin of the organic matter. Four, five and six rings of PAHs were mainly found near to Kwangyang iron processing plant, and three and four rings near to Yeosu chemical kombinat. This result typically indicated the local characteristics, depending on the origin of PAHs.

HC, Acute : PE-115 ; Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a meta-analysis

( Young Eun Chon ),( Eun Hee Choi ),( Ki Jun Song ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Do Young Kim ),( Kwang Hyub Han ),( Chae Yoon Chon ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Seung Up Kim ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1

Background: Transient elastography (TE), a noninvasivetool that measures liver stiffness, has been evaluated in metaanalyses for effectiveness in assessing liver fibrosis in European populations with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).However, these data cannot be extrapolated to populations in Asian countries, where chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is more prevalent. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the overall performance of TE for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with CHB. Methods: Studies from the literature and international conference abstracts which enrolled only patients with CHB or performed a subgroup analysis of such patients were enrolled. Combined effects were calculated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) and diagnostic accuracy values of each study. Result: A total of 18 studies comprising 2,772 patients were analyzed. The mean AUROCs for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis (F2), severe fibrosis (F3), and cirrhosis (F4) were 0.859 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.857?0.860), 0.887 (95% CI, 0.886?0.887), and 0.929 (95% CI, 0.928?0.929), respectively. The estimated cutoff for F2 was 7.9 (range, 6.1?11.8) kPa, with a sensitivity of 74.3% and specificity of 78.3%. For F3, the cutoff value was determined to be 8.8 (range, 8.1?9.7) kPa, with a sensitivity of 74.0% and specificity of 63.8%. The cutoff value for F4 was 11.7 (range, 7.3?17.5) kPa, with a sensitivity of 84.6% and specificity of 81.5%. Conclusion: TE can be performed with good diagnostic accuracy for quantifying liver fibrosis in patients with CHB.

LC, Acute : PE-115 ; Performance of transient elastography for the staging of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a meta-analysis

( Young Eun Chon ),( Eun Hee Choi ),( Ki Jun Song ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Do Young Kim ),( Kwang Hyub Han ),( Chae Yoon Chon ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Seung Up Kim ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-

Background: Transient elastography (TE), a noninvasivetool that measures liver stiffness, has been evaluated in meta- analyses for effectiveness in assessing liver fibrosis in European populations with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).However, these data cannot be extrapolated to populations in Asian countries, where chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is more prevalent. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the overall performance of TE for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with CHB. Methods: Studies from the literature and international conference abstracts which enrolled only patients with CHB or performed a subgroup analysis of such patients were enrolled. Combined effects were calculated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) and diagnostic accuracy values of each study. Result: A total of 18 studies comprising 2,772 patients were analyzed. The mean AUROCs for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis (F2), severe fibrosis (F3), and cirrhosis (F4) were 0.859 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.857-0.860), 0.887 (95% CI, 0.886-0.887), and 0.929 (95% CI, 0.928-0.929), respectively. The estimated cutoff for F2 was 7.9 (range, 6.1-11.8) kPa, with a sensitivity of 74.3% and specificity of 78.3%. For F3, the cutoff value was determined to be 8.8 (range, 8.1-9.7) kPa, with a sensitivity of 74.0% and specificity of 63.8%. The cutoff value for F4 was 11.7 (range, 7.3-17.5) kPa, with a sensitivity of 84.6% and specificity of 81.5%. Conclusion: TE can be performed with good diagnostic accuracy for quantifying liver fibrosis in patients with CHB.

HCV, Alcoholic : PO-17 ; Validation of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) for detecting liver steatosis

( Young Eun Chon ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Do Young Kim ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Chae Yoon Chon ),( Kwang Hyub Han ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1

Background: The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a noninvasive method which measures liver steatosis using a process based on transient elastography. We validated the diagnostic accuracy of CAP for detecting hepatic steatosis in Asian patients. Methods: Patients with chronic liver disease who underwent liver biopsy and CAP using the Fibroscan® were enrolled. The performance of CAP for diagnosing steatosis compared with biopsy was calculated using area under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUROC). Results: A total of 49 patients were included; male (55.1%) were predominant; median BMI was 27.4kg/m2. The etiology of liver disease was as follows; twenty-four (49.0%) had non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 11 (22.4%) had chronic hepatitis B, 7 (14.3%) had chronic hepatitis C, and four (14.3%) had autoimmune hepatitis. The CAP showed significantly high correlation with steatosis grade (ρ=0.750, p=0.001) assessed by histology. The cutoff values for steatosis grade S1 (≥ 5%), S2 (≥ 33%) and S3 (≥ 66%) were determined as 250, 305, and 328 dB/m, respectively, showing AUROC of 0.93 (95% confidential interval [CI], 0.85-0.99), 0.89 (95% CI, 0.80-0.98), and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.63-0.92), respectively. Using a cutoff of 250dB/m, the CAP was diagnostic for hepatic steatosis (≥ 5%) with 88.6% of sensitivity, 92.6% of specificity, 96.6% of positive predictive value, and 76.5% of negative predictive value. Conclusions: The CAP showed high diagnostic accuracy for detecting and quantifying the hepatic steatosis in Asian patients with chronic liver disease. The CAP is also promising because it is noninvasive, immediate and objective, and available simultaneously with liver stiffness measurement.

HBV : O-041 ; Efficacy of telbivudine for up to 2 years in chronic hepatitis B patients in Korea: Single center “real-life” cohort

( Eun Hye Kim ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Young Eun Chon ),( Jin Young Hwang ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Do Young Kim ),( Kwang Hyub Han ),( Chae Yoon Chon ),( Jun Yong Park ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1

Methods: A total of 143 treatment-naive patients who had been treated with telbivudine for at least 6 months were consecutively enrolled. We determined the cumulative rates of virologic response (<12 IU/ml by PCR assay), serologic response, biochemical response and monitored any side effects. Results: The median age and follow-up duration were 50.7 years and 16.4 (range 6-24 months) months, respectively. Sixty seven patients (46.9%) were positive for HBeAg and the median serum HBV DNA level was 7.23 (range 4.31-8.26) log IU/ml. In HBeAg positive group, the cumulative probabilities of HBV DNA undetectability were 14.9% , 24.6%, 34.4% and 26.3% at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, respectively. Partial virologic response at 6 months occurred in 82.1% of patients and inadequate virologic response at 6 months in 3.0%. During the follow-up period, 8 patients achieved HBeAg loss and 3 patients achieved HBeAg seroconversion. Meanwhile, in HBeAg-negative group, the cumulative rates of virologic response were 64.5%, 86.4%, 82.1% and 81.3%, respectively and the cumulative rates of biochemical response were 89.5%, 98.3%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Among the all patients, there were 42 cases of virologic breakthrough and 21 cases of genotypic resistance and virologic breakthrough. There were 46 (32.2%) cases of CK elevation and 2 (1.4%) cases of myopathy. However, there was no clinically significant safety issue. Conclusions: In Korean treatment-naive HBeAg-negative CHB patients, telbivudine therapy induced favorable virologic, serologic and biochemical responses.

The Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Measured by Controlled Attenuation Parameter

Chon, Young Eun,Kim, Kwang Joon,Jung, Kyu Sik,Kim, Seung Up,Park, Jun Yong,Kim, Do Young,Ahn, Sang Hoon,Chon, Chae Yoon,Chung, Jae Bock,Park, Kyeong Hye,Bae, Ji Cheol,Han, Kwang-Hyub Yonsei University College of Medicine 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.4

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>The severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) population compared with that in normal glucose tolerance (NGT) individuals has not yet been quantitatively assessed. We investigated the prevalence and the severity of NAFLD in a T2DM population using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP).</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>Subjects who underwent testing for biomarkers related to T2DM and CAP using Fibroscan® during a regular health check-up were enrolled. CAP values of 250 dB/m and 300 dB/m were selected as the cutoffs for the presence of NAFLD and for moderate to severe NAFLD, respectively. Biomarkers related to T2DM included fasting glucose/insulin, fasting C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glycoalbumin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Among 340 study participants (T2DM, n=66; pre-diabetes, n=202; NGT, n=72), the proportion of subjects with NAFLD increased according to the glucose tolerance status (31.9% in NGT; 47.0% in pre-diabetes; 57.6% in T2DM). The median CAP value was significantly higher in subjects with T2DM (265 dB/m) than in those with pre-diabetes (245 dB/m) or NGT (231 dB/m) (all p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that subjects with moderate to severe NAFLD had a 2.8-fold (odds ratio) higher risk of having T2DM than those without NAFLD (<I>p</I>=0.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–6.64), and positive correlations between the CAP value and HOMA-IR (ρ=0.407) or fasting C-peptide (ρ=0.402) were demonstrated.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Subjects with T2DM had a higher prevalence of severe NAFLD than those with NGT. Increased hepatic steatosis was significantly associated with the presence of T2DM, and insulin resistance induced by hepatic fat may be an important mechanistic connection.</P>

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Korea between 2012 and 2014: An Analysis of Korean Nationwide Cancer Registry

( Young Eun Chon ),( Han Ah Lee ),( Jun Sik Yoon ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Bo Hyun Kim ),( In Joon Lee ),( Suk Kyun Hong ),( Dong Hyeon Lee ),( Hyun-joo Kong ),( Young-joo Won ),( Eunyang Kim ),( Jeong-ho 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: Considering the high prevalence and the mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Korea, accurate statistics for HCC is important. We evaluated the characteristics of newly diagnosed Korean HCC patients between 2012 and 2014. Methods: Data from The Korean Primary Liver Cancer Registry (KPLCR) which consists of approximately 15% random sample of entire HCC patients in the Korean Central Cancer Registry were utilized. Baseline characteristics, treatment modalities, and overall survival (OS) of 4,572 patients with HCC registered in the KPLCR between 2012 and 2014 have been investigated. Results: At the time of HCC diagnosis, mean age was 60.0±10.8 years, with male predominance (79.6%). Hepatitis B virus was the predominant etiology (59.1%). The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages at diagnosis were 3.9%, 36.9%, 12.5%, 39.4% and 7.3% for BCLC stage 0, A, B, C, and D, respectively. The proportion of HCC diagnosed at BCLC stage 0 or A between 2012 and 2014 were significantly lower compared to that between 2008 and 2011 (40.8% vs. 48.3%, P<0.001). Transarterial therapy (37.5%) was the most commonly performed initial treatment, followed by surgical resection (19.8%), best supportive care (19.1%), and local ablation therapies (10.6%). The median survival was 2.9 years, and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 67.7%, 49.3% and 41.9%, respectively. The OS of HCC patients between 2012 and 2014 was significantly longer than that of patients between 2008 and 2011 (log-rank test, P<0.001). Conclusions: About half of the patients (46.7%) were diagnosed at advanced HCC (BCLC stage C or D). Although large proportion of HCC patients between 2012 and 2014 were diagnosed at advanced stages, the OS has been improved which warrants further analysis.