공공의 이익을 위한 특허발명의 강제실시 : 의약발명을 중심으로

유병선,백상기 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2005 생물공학연구지 Vol.11 No.1

This study focuses on the establishment of compulsory license to the patented invention, particularly pharmaceutic patent for public interests. With a view to promoting the development of technology and industry, Patents Act grants patentees an exclusive right to exploit the patented invention. For the purpose of the same goal, on the other hand, Patents Act imposes a few limits upon the exclusive right of patentees. A compulsory license is one of the limits upon patent right. A compulsory license is not an exceptional management from outside, it already exists in the inside of the right in view of the fact that Patent is the right granted artificially to contribute to the development of the industry. Pharmaceutic patent is closely related to human life directly or indirectly. Accordingly it has been discussed internationally to establish compulsory license to pharmaceutic patent for public interests. Regarding this problem, advanced countries and undeveloped countries are at issue with each other. We examine our position about compulsory license to pharmaceutic patent considering the degree of industrial development, especially the reality of pharmaceutic industry where Multinational Corporation of foreign country produces the most medicine. In case of Korea, there is a necessity for compulsory license in wide ranges in comparison with advanced countries such as Canada, Britain, Germany, France and so on within the limits of Agreement on TRIPs. In view of the above statements, it raises several problems of compulsory license under the Patent Act of Korea and proposes their solution. First of all there needs the realistic interpretation of the requirements for public interests and the flexible viewpoint about compulsory license to pharmaceutic patent. It is finally submitted that statutory provisions on compulsory license are designed as an efficient means of promoting goals of the Patents Acts and, also, that terms, conditions and procedures for compulsory license will have to be amended to make a better balance between the interests of patentees and public interest.

Ca 첨가한 AZ91 마그네슘 합금 용탕의 산화거동

최병호,유봉선,박원욱,박익민 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.8

The effects of Ca addition on the liquid oxidation behaviors of AZ91 alloys have been investigated. The oxide layers formed on the molten Ca-containing AZ91 alloys were investigated by using scanning electron microscope and Auger electron spectroscopy in order to elucidate the effect of Ca additions on the ignition and burning of the molten alloys. The thermogravimetric measurements indicated that Ca-containing AZ91 alloys have good oxidation resistance. AES depth analysis revealed that the oxide layers on the molten Ca-containing AZ91 alloys consisted of several layers; the outer layer mainly consisted of CaO and the inner layer was mainly a mixture of CaO-MgO and Al₂O₃. The formation of protective CaO in the oxide layer was directly responsible for improved oxidation resistance of the Ca-containing AZ91 alloys.

경연 대회를 통한 초ㆍ중고생의 창의력 신장 효과에 관한 연구

이희복,육근철,류해일,김현섭,김희수,박달원,유병환,김선효,김여상,서광수,변두원,서명석,배성효,박종석,심규철,이성희 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2001 과학교육연구 Vol.32 No.1

미래 사회를 대비하기 위한 개인의 개성을 존중과 창의적인 능력을 지닌 인간을 양성을 목적으로 충청남도 지역의 초 ㆍ 중고등학생들을 대상으로 한 창의력 경연대회가 공주대학교 과학교육연구소에서 개최되었다. 충청남도 초 ㆍ중 ㆍ 고등학생들을 대상으로 실시한 창의력 경연대회는 창조적 아이디어를 내어 스스로 문제를 해결해 나갈 수 있는 교육 프로그램을 제공하는 좋은 기회였음이 확인되었으나, 일부의 팀에서만 참신하고 재미있는 아이디어들이 제안되었다. 여학생의 참가자 수가 상당히 증가하였으며, 대체적으로 입상권의 학생들의 상당 부분이 여학생이라는 것이 특이할만하다. 학년이 올라감에 따라서 창의적인 아이디어를 내는 양이나 질에 있어서 뒤떨어지는 것으로 분석되었으며, 토론 학습의 적응력이 미흡하고 발표력 및 청취력에 있어서도 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중 ㆍ고등학교의 학교교육에서도 학생들에게 프로젝트형 탐구학습 프로그램의 적용은 물론 토론식 수습을 통한 학생들의 사고의 전환의 기회를 제공해야 할 것으로 사료된다. The creativity competition was held to foster the creativity of elementary and secondary school students in the Institute of Science Education, Kongju national University. It was found that the creativity competition effected on the improvement of inventing creative ideas and problem solving activities. But, only some competitors participated in semifinal and final contests, presented original and interesting ideas. More female students participated in competition than last year. More female participants were awarded a prize than males. Totally, participants were defective in discussion and communication, and presentation and listening ideas. Increasing grades correlated inversely with creativity and originality. There is need of inquiry project teaming programs and presenting opportunities of conversion of thinking by discussing instructions in school

Development Directions of Service Standards for Senior Congregate Housing

( Byung Sun You ),( Hyung Ock Hong ) 대한가정학회 2005 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.6 No.2

A Comparison between Dependent and Independent Attitude Groups Regarding Elderly Lives and Living Arrangements

( Byung Sun You ),( Hyung Ock Hong ) 대한가정학회 2005 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.6 No.1

Predictive Factors of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules Diagnosed as Follicular Neoplasm or Hürthle Cell Neoplasm on FNA

Sun Hyong You,Chan Kwon Jung,Byung Joo Chae,Byung Joo Song,Sang Seol Jung,Ja Seong Bae 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2012 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.12 No.4

Purpose: The rate of malignancy in the follicular neoplasm (FN) or Hürthle cell neoplasm (HCN) of the thyroid gland is estimated as approximately 20∼30%. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and frozen section examination are restricted in differentiating between benign and malignant. The aims of this study are to compare the differences of clinicopathologic features and to determine the risk factors for malignancy in patients with FN or HCN. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of patients with FN or HCN who were diagnosed by FNAB, and underwent surgery at our institution between Jan. 2005 to Jun. 2010. We analyzed the risk factors for malignancy and the differences of clinicopathologic features in patients with FN or HCN. Results: A total of 290 patients were enrolledin this study; 160 (55.2%) patients underwent thyroidectomy, 97 (60.6%) patients had FN, and 63 (39.4%) had HCN. Forty one (25.6%) patients were diagnosed as malignancy of these, 22 (22.7%) patients were FN and 19 (30.2%) were HCN (P=0.29). Two (2.1%) patients with FN and 10 (15.9%) with HCN (P=0.002) comcomitant papillary thyroid carcinoma were indentified by FNAB. Classification of nodules according to ultrasonographic findings in both neoplasms (P<0.05) and galectin-3 in FN (P<0.05) were predictive factors for malignancy. In addition, galectin-3 was a predictive factor for malignancy in indeterminate nodules on ultrasonography (USG) (P=0.028). Conclusion: Classification of nodules according to ultrasonographic findings and galectin-3 expression is helpful in predicting carcinoma of patients with FN or HCN.

A Comparison between Dependent and Independent Attitude Groups Regarding Elderly Lives and Living Arrangements

You Byung-Sun,Hong Hyung-Ock The Korean Home Economics Association 2005 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this research was to study opinions on elderly housing and attitudes toward the problems related to elderly lives, which were due to dependence or independence in later life. The survey was conducted among middle-aged people in their fifties, living in Seoul. The final sample included 498 respondents. Since the statistical analysis was focused only on independent and dependent groups, total cases for the analysis were 373. The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, the group that was more independent in later life tended to be healthier, lived with a husband or wife, had no children, and had more monthly income and assets. Secondly, the group that was more independent in later life believed that they had the sole responsibility of resolving later life issues. The group that was more dependent believed that their family, not themselves, must resolve their later life problems. The independent group wanted to continue their work or enjoy leisure. Thirdly, the group that was more independent about elderly housing stated that they were responsible for it, while the other group stated that their family was. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of general idea, and social interest. However, the independent group answered that more development and management of elderly housing were needed. The expected living arrangement in their later lives was similar. Also, there were no differences between the two groups in living with family or the demand for service from elderly housing.

Development Directions of Service Standards for Senior Congregate Housing

You Byung-Sun,Hong Hyung-Ock The Korean Home Economics Association 2005 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the needs of future users for services at senior congregate housing and to look into the development directions of the service standards for senior congregate housing. A survey was conducted among middle-aged people in their fifties, who lived in Seoul, using the systematic random sampling method. The final sample included 498 respondents. The survey was conducted from November 3, 2003 to November 14, 2003. The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, as the need for housing services were high, it was quite clear that various services at senior congregate housing should be provided. Secondly, a service differentiation strategy should be proposed to meet the characteristics of the users. Thirdly, it was hereby suggested that service standards should be established in the following manner considering the relationship between the needs for services and the income level directly influencing the provision of services: 'Basic services' to be provided regardless of income, 'Optional services' to be selectable among the preferable services per income level, and 'Supportive services' to be provided for low-income people.

영국, 미국, 일본의 노인공동생활주택 특성 분석에 관한 연구

유병선(You Byung-Sun),홍형옥(Hong Hyung-Ock) 가정과삶의질학회 2005 가정과삶의질연구 Vol.23 No.5

프랭클린(Franklin)의 사회구성주의 모델 관점으로 본 한국의 노인주택 맥락

유병선(You Byung-Sun),전경화(Jeon Kyung-Hwa),홍형옥(Hong Hyung-Ock) 가정과삶의질학회 2004 가정과삶의질연구 Vol.22 No.1