류마티스 관절염 환자의 T세포 수용체 Vβ 유전자 레퍼토리 분석

정성수 ( Sung Soo Jung ),황관표 ( Kwan Pyo Hong ),김동욱 ( Dong Yook Kim ),김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),이인홍 ( In Hong Lee ),전재범 ( Jae Bum Jun ),배상철 ( Sang Cheol Bae ),유대현 ( Dae Hyun Yoo ),김성윤 ( Seong Yoon Kim ),이은영 ( 대한류마티스학회 1996 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.3 No.1

목적: 류마티스 관절염(rheumatoid arthritis; RA)의 병인에 있어 중추적인 역할을 하는 것으로 알려진 T세포에 관한 연구가 최근에 관심의 초점이 되고 있으나, 현재까지 한국인을 대항으로 시행된 보고는 없다. 한국인 류마티스 관절염 환자의 관절병변부위에서 T세포 수용체(TCR)의 Vβ유전자 사용의 빈도를 검색하여 한국인 류마티스 관절염 환자에서 사용되는 빈도가 높은 유전자계를 찾는데 목적을 두었다. 방법: 이에 저자는 T세포에 관한 연구의 일환으로 류마티스 관절염 환자 3명과 정상인 4명을 대상으로 말초 혈액과 활액 T세포로부터 추출한 RNA를 이용하여 cDNA를 합성한뒤 cDNA를 주형을 Vβ family specific oligonucleotide를 시발체(primer)로하여 반정량적 역전사 연쇄중합반응(semiquantative RT-PCR)을 시행하여 T세포 수용체(T cell receptor; TCR) Vβ 레퍼토리를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결과: 1. 정상인 4명의 말초혈액에서 T세포 수용체 Vβ유전자 평균사용빈도는 Vβ7(8.68±3.20%), Vβ3(7.83±2.03%), Vβ(6.74±1.43%)의 순서로 빈도가 높았으며, HLA-DR4 양성군(3명)에서는 Vβ8(7.39±1.71%), Vβ2(7.31±2.30%), Vβ1(7.22±1.54%)의 순서로 빈도가 높았고, HLA-DR4 음성(1명)에서는 Vβ3(17.79%), Vβ4(11.41%), Vβ24(9.8%)의 순서로 사용빈도가 높았다. 2. 류마티스 관절염환자 3명의 말초 혈액에서는 Vβ16(6.90±1.81%), Vβ18(6.89±0.80%), Vβ14(6.58±0.65%)의 순서로 빈도가 높았다. HLA-DR4 양성 환자군에서는 Vβ16(7.52±2.06%), Vβ14(6.96±0.04%), Vβ22(6.78±0.18%)의 순서로 빈도가 높았다. 각각 환자의 결과를 보면 첫번째 환자(HLA-DR4 양성)는 Vβ16(8.98%), Vβ14(6.99%), Vβ22(6.91%)의 순서로 빈도가 높았고, 두번째 환자(HLA-DR13 양성)는 Vβ18(7.79%), Vβ20(5.98%), Vβ24(5.90%)의 순서로 빈도가 높았다. 이를 종합해 보면 류마티스 관절염 환자의 말초혈액에서 Vβ16, Vβ20, Vβ14, Vβ18유전자계가 제한되어 사용되었다. 3. 류마티스 관절염환자의 활액의 T세포에서 Vβ유전자 평균발현빈도는 Vβ20(7.39±1.77%), Vβ18(5.60±1.31%), Vβ12(5.56±1.77%)순으로 높았으며, HLA-DR4양성인 환자군에서는 Vβ12(6.56±0.58%), Vβ20(6.44±0.94%), Vβ4(5.30±0.49%)순으로 빈도가 높았으며, HLA-DR4음성 환자에서는 Vβ20(9.29%), Vβ19(7.57%), Vβ18(7.07%)의 순서로 빈도가 높았다. 각각 환자의 결과를 보면 첫번째 환자(HLA-DR4 양성)는 Vβ12(6.15%), Vβ20(5.77%), Vβ7(5.74%)의 순서로 빈도가 높았고, 두번째 환자(HLA-DR4 양성)는 Vβ20(7.10%), Vβ12(6.98%), Vβ24(5.83%)의 순서이었고, 세번째 환자(HLA-DR13 양성)는 Vβ20(9.29%), Vβ19(7.57%), Vβ18(7.06%)의 순서로 빈도가 높았다. 활액 T세포에서는 Vβ20, Vβ12유전자계가 제한되어 사용되었다. 4. 말초 혈액에 비해 활액 T세포에서 TCR Vβ유전자 사용빈도가 1.5배 이상인 경우는 Vβ5.2, Vβ9, Vβ23 이었으나, 이들 유전자계가 활액 T세포 전체에서 차지하는 사용빈도에 있어서는 각각 Vβ5.2는 1.07±1.26%, Vβ9는 2.17±1.42%, Vβ23는 3.84+1.97%로 낮은 수치를 나타내었다. 각각 환자에서 비교했을때에 첫번째 환자(HLA-DR4 양성)는 Vβ23(3.69%:1.12%), Vβ5.1(3.51%:1.40%), Vβ12(6.15%:3.29%), Vβ6(3.35%:2.10%), Vβ2(5.74%:3.73%)의 유전자계에서, 두번째 환자(HLA-DR4 양성)는 Vβ9(3.58%:0.74%), Vβ19(4.67%:1.52%), Vβ5.2(2.52%:0.87%), Vβ10(4.25%:1.75%), Vβ1(5.74%:2.35%)의 유전자계에세, 세번째 환자(HLA-DR13 양성)는 Vβ6(2.68%:0.15%) Vβ9(2.17%:0.73%), Vβ11(2.30%:1.10%), Vβ20(9.29%:5.98%)의 유전자계에서 활액에서 말초혈액보다 1.5배이상 증가되어 사용됨을 볼수 있었다. 즉 활액에서 말초혈액보다 의미 있게 편향되어 사용되는 Vβ 유전자계는 각각 환자마다 다른 결과를 나타내었다. 5. 류마티스 관절염환자의 말초 혈액과 정상인의 말초 혈액의 T세포의 Vβ 유전자 사용빈도를 비교했을때 류마티스 관절염 환자의 말초혈액 T세포에서 Vβ16(6.90±1.81%:3.23±1.21%), Vβ18(6.89±0.80%:2.72±0.70%) 유전자계가 2배 이상으로 빈도가 높았고, HLA-DR4양성군만 비교하였을때도 Vβ16(7.52±2.06%:3.69±1.46%), Vβ18(6.45±0.28%:2.61±0.86%) 유전자계가 2배 이상 사용이 많았다. 결론: 이상의 성적으로 미루어 보아 류마티스 관절염 각각 환자마다 다른 Vβ 유전자계의 제한적 사용과 편향됨을 볼 수 있었으나, 공통된 유전자계의 증식은 볼 수 없었다. 이러한 결과는 다른 연구보고와는 다른 결과를 보였고, 이것은 대상 환자의 질병의 유병기간이 다르고, 또 유전적인 배경, 생존 환경, 적용된 방법의 차이로 기인한다고 하는 기존의 보고와 부합된다고 사료되는데 질병의 진행단계에 따라 주로 면역반응을 일으키는 항원의 에피토프가 달라짐에 따라 여기에 대항하는 T세포들의 수용체도 이들 에피토프에 반응할 수 있는 수용체를 가진 코론들이 증식하게 된다는 epitope spreading theory에 부합되며, 이는 아주 초기에 질병을 시작하게 유도하는 항원의 특성을 규명하기 위해서는 환자선택이 연구결과에 결정적인 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다. 또 다른 가능성은 각각 환자마다 다른 Vβ유전자계의 증식된 클론들의 CDR3 연기 서열을 규명하여 비록 유전자 서열이 다를 지라도 항원과 결합하는 같은 성상을 갖는 아미노산 motif를 가질 가능성에 대해서도 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다. Objectives: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was eamine synovial fluid and peripheral T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to determine the preferential usage of the T cell receptor(TCR) variable region (V) gene. Methods: Oligonucleotide primers specific for individual TCR Vβ gene families were used to amplify the TCR gene products in a semiquantitative assay of their relative utilization in unselected T cell populations. Results: The result of Vβ utilization was generally heterogenous, similar with previous reports. However, the mean expression of Vβ16 and Vβ18 in RA was more preferentially utilized compared to normal donors. The usage of Vβ in peripheral blood from 3 patients with RA demonstrated restrictions in Vβ16, Vβ20 and Vβ18 genes, respectively. Analyses of synovial fluid resulted in restriction in β12, Vβ20 and Vβ20, respectively. Although there was no significant pattern of skewed Vβ gene mean usage when comparing the synovial fluids with the peripheral blood T cells from RA patients, there were significant biased Vβ genes, Vβ12, Vβl and Vβ20, each 3 patients. As the HLA type is a determining factor in shaping TCR repertoire of peripheral T cells, we compared the Vβ utilization in HLA-DR4 expressing groups that have susceptibility and gene dosage effect in disease progression. It was a little different that comparing the pattern of Vβ usage in peripheral blood and synovial fluid from RA patients between HLA-DR4 positive and negative group. Conclusion: The results were consistent with the conclusion that the increased Vβ family T cells infiltrate synovium and are dependent on each patient and may be involved in inducing and maintaining the synovitis that characterizes RA The different outcome of each patient may be due to the difference in disease duration, genetic background and geographic region. A more important factor may be the stage of disease, because epitope induced immune reaction may change over time. Therefore, selecting patients early in the course of disease may be important and may facilitate the need for more in-depth TCR analysis in the future.

진공에서 소성 가능한 프릿을 이용한 평판디스플레이 진공실장기술

권상직,유인상,Kwon, Sang Jik,Yoo, In Sang 한국전기전자재료학회 2016 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.29 No.3

One of the important issues for fabricating the microelectronic display devices such as FED, PDP, and VFD is to obtain a high vacuum level inside the panel. In addition, sustaining the initial high vacuum level permanently is also very important. In the conventional packing technology using a tabulation method, it is not possible to obtain a satisfiable vacuum level for a proper operation. In case of FED, the poor vacuum level results in the increase of operating voltage for electron emission from field emitter tips and an arcing problem, resultantly shortening a life time. Furthermore, the reduction of a sealing process time in the PDP production is very important in respect of commercial product. The most probable method for obtaining the initial high vacuum level inside the space with such a miniature and complex geometry is a vacuum in-line sealing which seals two glass plates within a high vacuum chamber. The critical solution for the vacuum sealing is to develop a frit glass to avoid the bubbling or crack problems during the sealing process at high temperature of about $400^{\circ}C$ under the vacuum environment. In this study, the suitable frit power was developed using a mixture of vitreous and crystalline type frit powders, and a vacuum sealed CNT FED with 2 inch diagonal size was fabricated and successfully operated.

여가생활 커뮤니티 활성화를 위한 복합형 네트워크 서비스 제안

김해은(Kim, Hae Eun),성문희(Sung, Moon Hee),신혜인(Shin, Hye In),유예리(Yoo, Yea Li),김승인(Kim, Seung In) 한국디지털디자인협의회 2015 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.15 No.1

2012년 기준 대한민국은 OECD 국가들 중 연간 노동시간이 3위로 집계되었다. 직장인들의 과도한 업무 스트레스는 그들의 여가생활에도 막대한 영향을 미치고 있다. 대부분의 20~30대 직장인들은 취미를 가지고 있지만, 이를 활용할 시간과 정보, 공간이 부족하다. 본 연구는 바쁜 직장인들의 여가생활을 활성화하기 위해 새로운 커뮤니티 서비스를 제안하는데 목적이 있다. 연구방법으로는 1차로 문헌연구를 통해 직장인들의 업무실태를 조사하였고, 2차로 SNS 유형별 분석을 통해서 직장인 여가생활 커뮤니티에 적합한 유형을 제시하였다. 3차로 서비스 디자인 방법론인 더블 다이아몬드 디자인 프로세스 모델을 적용하여 발견, 정의, 개발, 전달인 4단계를 거쳐 복합형 SNS ‘Mohano’를 기획하였다. 이와 같은 기준으로, 사용자들이 다양한 취미나 관심사에 따른 게시물이나 정보를 공유할 수 있고, 취미가 같은 사람과의 만남을 제공함으로써 직장인들이 유용한 여가 시간을 보낼 수 있다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 직장인들의 여가생활 커뮤니티 활성화를 위해 필요한 사항들은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사용자가 원하는 필요한 정보나, 인간관계를 제공할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 폐쇄형과 개방형의 장점을 지닌 복합형 SNS로 사용자의 개인정보 보안에 대한 시스템을 개선함으로써, 신뢰성 높은 서비스를 제공할 수 있다. 셋째, 콘셉트 ‘circle in’을 토대로 기획된 ‘Mohano’는 다음 사용성 평가 후, 더 나은 가이드라인을 제시가 필요하다. 향후 본 연구를 바탕으로 앞서 제시된 커뮤니티 서비스를 통하여 직장인들의 여가생활이 향상되길 기대한다. In 2012, Korea has been announced as a third-place for the highest working hours of workers in OECD countries. Their stressful and excessive work incredibly affects on their leisure life. Most of workers in 20’s to 30’s have their own interests, however, they do not have enough time, information, and spaces for the hobbies. This study indicates the suggestion on the new community service in order to vitalize the leisure life for busy workers. According to the analysis, at first, the study investigates the business realities in Korea throughout reference research. Moreover, it suggests a specific form which is appropriate for the leisure community of workers in consideration of the analysis for each form. After that, the hybrid SNS called ‘Mohano’ is designed with four phases of ‘Double Diamond Design Process’ including discover, define, develop, and deliver in methodology of service design. Following the process, users can share posts and information about several tastes or interests and the workers can spend valuable leisure time as it provides a meeting with people who have similar tastes. As a result, the necessary conditions for vitalizing a leisure community are mentioned below. First, it has to provide information and human relationships as the users desire. Furthermore, the hybrid SNS offering advantages of open SNS and close SNS provides reliable service as improving the security system on personal information which users own. Depended on the concept ‘circle in’, finally, the application ‘Mohano’ which was designed with the study requires a guideline after serviceability evaluation later on. Based on the study, from now on, it is eagerly anticipated that the leisure life of workers will be advanced through the community service mentioned above.

가정간호대상자와 입원간호대상자의 간호만족도 및 간호사이미지 비교

용진선,한성숙,유인자,홍현자,Yong, Jin-Sun,Han, Sung-Suk,Yoo, In-Ja,Hong, Hyun-Ja 한국가정간호학회 2002 가정간호학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of the study was to compare both the nursing care satisfaction and the image of nurses as experienced by home health care clients and hospitalized clients. For the descriptive survey study. data were collected from 69 home heath care clients and 342 in-patients in a university hospital. The tools used for the study were modified by Quality Patient Care Scale(Wandelt & Ager. 1974) and Image of Nurses (송인자, 1993). The data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation. Scheffe test. factor analysis. t-test. and ANOVA. The major findings were as follows: Regarding nursing care satisfaction, the mean score of total nursing care satisfaction in home health care clients was 3.28 out of 4.0. Among five domains, the domain with the highest score was the psychosocial domain, followed by the general. the professional. the physical. and the communication domain. The level of nursing care satisfaction was not significantly different according to demographic variables except for age: the age group of 41-60 showed the highest score (p<0.05). The mean score of total nursing care satisfaction in hospitalized clients was 2.95 out of 4.0. Among five domains, the domain with the highest score was the psychosocial domain, followed by the physical and the communication. the professional. and the general domain. The level of nursing care satisfaction was not significantly different according to demographic variables except age: the higher the age the higher the score (p<0.05). The levels of nursing care satisfaction in all five domains were significantly higher in home health care clients than in hospitalized clients(p=0.0005). Regarding image of nurses, the mean score of total image of nurses in home health care clients was 3.32 out of 4.0. Among four domains, the domain with the highest score was the sincerity domain, followed by the kindness. the spirit. and the knowledge and skill domain. The level of image of nurses was not significantly different according to demographic variables. The mean score of total image of nurses in hospitalized clients was 3.05 out of 4.0. Among four domains. the domain with the highest score was the sincerity domain, followed by the kindness, the knowledge and skill, and the spirit domain. The level of image of nurses was not significantly different according to demographic variables. The levels of image of nurses in all four domains were significantly higher in home health care clients than in hospitalized clients (p=0.001). Both the levels of nursing care satisfaction and image of nurses, part of an evaluation for quality of nursing care were significantly higher in home health care clients than in hospitalized clients. In light of the findings, we could consider that home health care nurses provided client-centered comprehensive nursing care. However, nurses need to have methods that more promote the social recognition of the image of nurses and nursing care services as well as professional knowledge and skills.

Cutaneous Metastasis from Prostatic Carcinoma

Yoo, Han-Dong,Cho, In-Sung Korean Dermatological Association 2000 Annals of Dermatology Vol.12 No.2

In-Orbit Performance Result of KITSAT-3 Earth Imaging System(MEIS)

Yoo, Sang Keun,Kim, Ee Eul,Chang, Hyon Sock,Kang, Kyung In,Choi, Soon Dal 대한원격탐사학회 1999 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.15 No.1

A compact imaging system, the Multi-spectral Earth Imaging System (MEIS) was developed and operated on an engineering test satellite, KITSAT-3 at the orbital altitude of 720 km. The MEIS takes multi-spectral images of the earth's surface with the swath width of 48 km and the ground sampling distance of 13.8 rn in three spectral bands. A brief technical description of the KITSAT-3 MEIS and the result from its initial operation since early 7une, 1999 are presented. The quality of images produced by the KITSAT-3 MEIS was found comparable to that of images from existing commercial earth observation satellites from its preliminary assessment.

In-situ SiN 박막을 이용하여 성장한 GaN 박막 및 LED 소자 특성 연구

김덕규,유인성,박춘배,Kim, Deok-Kyu,Yoo, In-Sung,Park, Choon-Bae 한국전기전자재료학회 2005 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.18 No.10

We have grown GaN layers with in-situ SiN mask by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and study the physical properties of the GaN layer. We have also fabricate PN junction light emitting diode (LED) to investigate the effect of the SiN mask on its optical property By inserting a SiN mask, (102) the full width at half maximum (FWHM) decreased from 480 arcsec to 409 arcsec and threading dislocation (TD) density decreased from $3.21{\times}10^9\;cm^{-2}$ to $9.7{\times}10^8\;cm^{-2}$. The output power of the LED with a SiN mask increased from 198 mcd to 392 mcd at 20 mA. We have thus shown that the SiN mask improved significantly the physical and optical properties of the GaN layer.

In-situ 분위기 Annealing에 따른 ZnO/Sapphire(0001) 박막의 구조적 특성 분석

왕민성,유인성,박춘배,Wang Min-Sung,Yoo In-Sung,Park Choon-Bae 한국전기전자재료학회 2006 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.19 No.8

In this paper the ZnO thin films, which has used spotlight of next generation short wavelength LEDs and semiconductor laser were deposited based on RF magnetron sputtering is described. The temperature at substrate and work pressure, which has implemented in sputtering process of ZnO thin films were settle down at $100^{\circ}C$ and 15 mTorr respectively. The ZnO 5N has used target. The thickness of ZnO thin films was about $1.6{\mu}m$ which was measured by SEM analysis after the sputtering process. Structural properties of ZnO thin films by in-situ and atmosphere annealing were analyzed by XRD. Transformation of grain size and surface roughness were observed by AFM. XPS spectra showed that ZnO thin film had a peak positions corresponding to the $Zn_{2p}$ and the $O_{1s}$. As form above XPS, we confirmed that post-annealing condition changed the atom ratio of Zn/O and microstructure in ZnO thin films.

In-situ 분위기 annealing에 의한 ZnO 박막의 구조적 특성

왕민성 ( Min Sung Wang ),유인성 ( In Sung Yoo ),박춘배 ( Choon Bae Park ) 원광대학교 공업기술개발연구소 2005 工業技術開發硏究誌 Vol.25 No.-

원자력 발전소용 이종재(Cu 합금/STS316L) 마찰용접의 최적화와 AE에 의한 실시간 평가에 관한 연구

유인종(IN-JONG YOO),권상우(SANG-WOO KWON),황성필(SUNG-PHIL HWANG),공유식(YU-SIK KONG),오세규(SAE-KYOO OH) 한국해양공학회 2001 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

In this paper, joints of Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy to S1S316L were performed by friction welding method. Particularly, Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy is attractive candidate as nuclear power plant material and exibit the best combination of high strength and good electrical and thermal conductivity of any copper alloy examined. The stainless steel is a structural material while copper alloy acts as a heat sink material for the surface heat flux in the first Wall. So, in this paper, not only the development of optimizing of friction welding with more reliability and more applicabililty but also the development of in-process real-time weld quality (such as strength and toughness) evaluation technique by acoustic emission for friction welding of such nuclear reactor component of Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy to STS316L steel were performed.