Responses to Starch Infusion on Milk Synthesis in Low Yield Lactating Dairy Cows

Yang Zou,Zhanshan Yang,Yongqing Guo,Shengli Li,Zhijun Cao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.9

The effect of starch infusion on production, metabolic parameters and relative mRNA abundance was investigated in low yield lactating cows from 86 days in milk. Six Holstein cows fitted with permanent ruminal cannulas were arranged into one of two complete 3×3 Latin squares and infused with a starch solution containing 800 grams starch for 16 days. The three treatments were: i) ruminal and abomasal infusion with water (Control); ii) ruminal infusion with cornstarch solution and abomasal infusion with water (Rumen); iii) ruminal infusion with water and abomasal infusion with cornstarch solution (Abomasum). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the three treatments with low yield lactating cows in feed and energy intake, milk yield and composition, plasma metabolism, or even on gene expression. However, cows receiving starch through rumen performed better than directly through the abomasum during the glucose tolerance test procedure with a higher area under the curve (AUC; p = 0.08) and shorter half-time (t1/2; p = 0.11) of plasma insulin, therefore, it increased glucose disposal, which stated a lipid anabolism other than mobilization after energy supplementation. In conclusion, extra starch infusion at concentration of 800 g/d did not enhance energy supplies to the mammary gland and improve the lactating performance in low yield lactating cows.

Research on static and dynamic behaviors of PC track beam for straddle monorail transit system

Yongqing Yang,Deng Yang,Hongye Gou,Yi Bao 국제구조공학회 2019 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.31 No.5

In this study, in-situ static and dynamic tests of four pre-stressed concrete (PC) track beams with different span lengths and curvatures in a straddle monorail transit system were reported. In the static load tests, the strain and deflection at critical sections of the PC track beams were measured to determine the load bearing capacity and stiffness. The dynamic responses of strain, deflection, acceleration, and displacement at key positions of the PC track beams were measured under different train speeds and train loads to systematically study the dynamic behaviors of the PC track beams. A three-dimensional finite element model of the track beam-vehicle coupled vibration system was established to help understand the dynamic behavior of the system, and the model was verified using the test results. The research results show that the curvature, span length, train speed, and train loads have significant influence on the dynamic responses of the PC track beams. The dynamic performance of the PC track beams in the curve section is susceptible to dynamic loads. Appropriate train loads can effectively reduce the impact of the train on the PC track beam. The PC track beams allow good riding comfort.

Responses to Starch Infusion on Milk Synthesis in Low Yield Lactating Dairy Cows

Zou, Yang,Yang, Zhanshan,Guo, Yongqing,Li, Shengli,Cao, Zhijun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.9

The effect of starch infusion on production, metabolic parameters and relative mRNA abundance was investigated in low yield lactating cows from 86 days in milk. Six Holstein cows fitted with permanent ruminal cannulas were arranged into one of two complete $3{\times}3$ Latin squares and infused with a starch solution containing 800 grams starch for 16 days. The three treatments were: i) ruminal and abomasal infusion with water (Control); ii) ruminal infusion with cornstarch solution and abomasal infusion with water (Rumen); iii) ruminal infusion with water and abomasal infusion with cornstarch solution (Abomasum). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the three treatments with low yield lactating cows in feed and energy intake, milk yield and composition, plasma metabolism, or even on gene expression. However, cows receiving starch through rumen performed better than directly through the abomasum during the glucose tolerance test procedure with a higher area under the curve (AUC; p = 0.08) and shorter half-time ($t^{1/2}$; p = 0.11) of plasma insulin, therefore, it increased glucose disposal, which stated a lipid anabolism other than mobilization after energy supplementation. In conclusion, extra starch infusion at concentration of 800 g/d did not enhance energy supplies to the mammary gland and improve the lactating performance in low yield lactating cows.

Expectation Maximization Algorithm for Time-delay Output-error Models Based on Finite Impulse Response Method

Yan Pu,Yongqing Yang,Yingjiao Rong,Jing Chen 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.12

In this paper, an output error (OE) model with random time delay is identified by using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. Since the regression model of the OE system has a colored noise, the finite impulse response (FIR) method is used to transform the OE model into an FIR model, whose regression model contains a white noise. An EM algorithm is proposed to iteratively estimate the time-delays and model parameters. Furthermore, the parameters of the OE model can be yielded based on the parameter estimates of the FIR model through the matrix transformation method. The convergence analysis and simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

The Optimization of Control Parameters: Finite-time and Fixed-time Synchronization of Inertial Memristive Neural Networks with Proportional Delays and Switching Jumps Mismatch

Qi Chang,Yongqing Yang,Li Li,Fei Wang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.7

This thesis’s object is inertial memristive neural networks (IMNNs) with proportional delays and switching jumps mismatch. Different from the traditional bounded delay, the proportional delay will be infinite as t → ∞. The finite-time synchronization (FN-TS) and fixed-time synchronization (FX-TS) can be realized with the devised controllers for the drive-response systems (D-RSs). Along with the Lyapunov function and some inequalities, the synchronization criteria of D-RSs are given. This paper presents an optimization model with minimum control energy and dynamic error as objective functions, aiming to obtain more accurate and optimized controller parameters. An intelligent algorithm: particle swarm optimization with stochastic inertia weight (SIWPSO) algorithm is introduced to solve the optimization model. Meanwhile, an integrated algorithm for selecting optimal control parameters is presented as well. In this method, the optimal control parameters and the setting time of synchronization can be obtained directly. At last, some simulations are presented to verify the theorems and the optimization model.

Maximum Likelihood Iterative Algorithm for Hammerstein Systems with Hard Nonlinearities

Yan Pu,Yongqing Yang,Jing Chen 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.11

In this paper, we consider several iterative algorithms for Hammerstein systems with hard nonlinearities. The Hammerstein system is first simplified as a polynomial identification model through the key term separation technique, and then the parameters are estimated by using the maximum likelihood (ML) based gradient-based iterative algorithm. Furthermore, an ML least squares auxiliary variable algorithm and an ML bias compensation gradient-based iterative algorithm are developed to identify the saturation system with colored noise. Simulation results are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.

Recursive Least-squares Estimation for Multivariable Systems Based on the Maximum Likelihood Principle

Huafeng Xia,Yongqing Yang,Feng Ding 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.2

This paper studies the identification problem of multivariable controlled autoregressive moving average systems. For the case with a parameter matrix and an unmeasurable vector in the system identification model, we transform the model into several submodels based on the number of the outputs. A maximum likelihood-based recursive least-squares algorithm is derived to identify the parameters of each submodel. A multivariable recursive extended least-squares algorithm is provided as a comparison. The effectiveness of the proposed identification algorithm is verified by simulation examples.

Ginsenoside Rb2: A review of pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effects

Longxing Miao,Yijun Yang,Zhongwen Li,Zengjun Fang,Yongqing Zhang,Chun-chao Han 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.2

Ginsenoside Rb2 is an active protopanaxadiol-type saponin, widely existing in the stem and leave of ginseng. Rb2 has recently been the focus of studies for pharmaceutical properties. This paper provides an overview of the preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetics for Rb2, which exhibit poor absorption, rapid tissue distribution and slow excretion through urine. Pharmacological studies indicate a beneficial role of Rb2 in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, obesity, tumor, photoaging, virus infection and cardiovascular problems. The underlying mechanism is involved in an inhibition of oxidative stress, ROS generation, inflammation and apoptosis via regulation of various cellular signaling pathways and molecules, including AKT/SHP, MAPK, EGFR/SOX2, TGF-b1/Smad, SIRT1, GPR120/AMPK/HO-1 and NF-kB. This work would provide a new insight into the understanding and application of Rb2. However, its therapeutic effects have not been clinically evaluated. Further studies should be aimed at the clinical treatment of Rb2.

Adaptive Approaches to Identify the Interface in Low Frequency Vibration-Assisted Drilling of CFRP/Ti6Al4V Stacks

Chaoren Yan,Yan Chen,Ning Qian,Nan Guo,Yongqing Wang,Haojun Yang,Biao Zhao 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.23 No.8

Low frequency vibration-assisted drilling (LFVAD) of CFRP/Ti stacks is a promising method of one-shot drilling to increase efficiency and extend tool life while adaptive approaches are applied to adjust the cutting parameters in each layer. Thus, the interfacial recognition method is significant to automatically change the cutting parameters. In this paper, two recognition methods are proposed based on the analysis of the features of cutting forces under the LFVAD process in both time and frequency domains. With the recorded thrust force signals at different wear stages, both the proposed methods identify the transition point when the drill bit starts to contact the Ti layer within allowable time delay. Compared with the traditional threshold method, the time domain method and the frequency domain method respectively increase the identifying speed by 19.8% and 46.7%, besides the reduction of implementation cost. In contrast, the time domain method reduces the programming and calculation time, while the frequency domain method improves the average recognition speed. Furthermore, an adaptive drilling system embedded with the established time-domain method is designed and the accuracy of the method is proved of 100% in a drilling test of all 20 CFRP/Ti stack holes. Moreover, the effect of the adaptive LFVAD process in improving tool wear and increasing machining efficiency is verified by reducing the force growth rate by 11.7% and time decrease of 37% in a hole-making cycle compared with the traditional LFVAD process.

Transcriptome and proteome analysis of pregnancy and postpartum anoestrus ovaries in yak

Zhou Chen,Jine Wang,Junyuan Ma,Shuyuan Li,Shengdong Huo,Yanmei Yang,Yingpai Zhaxi,Yongqing Zhao,Derong Zhang 대한수의학회 2022 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.23 No.1

Background: Domestic yaks are the most important livestock species on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Adult female yaks normally breed in the warm season (July to September) and enter anestrous in the cold season (November to April). Nevertheless, it is unclear how ovarian activity is regulated at the molecular level. Objectives: The peculiarities of yak reproduction were assessed to explore the molecular mechanism of postpartum anestrus ovaries in yaks after pregnancy and parturition. Methods: Sixty female yaks with calves were observed under natural grazing in Haiyan County, Qinghai Province. Three yak ovaries in pregnancy and postpartum anestrus were collected. RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics were employed to analyze the pregnancy and postpartum ovaries after hypothermia to identify the genes and proteins related to the postpartum ovarian cycle. Results: The results revealed 841 differentially expressed genes during the postpartum hypoestrus cycle; 347 were up-regulated and 494 genes were down-regulated. Fifty-seven differential proteins were screened: 38 were up-regulated and 19 were down-regulated. The differential genes and proteins were related to the yak reproduction process, rhythm process, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway categories. Conclusions: Transcriptome and proteomic sequencing approaches were used to investigate postpartum anestrus and pregnancy ovaries in yaks. The results confirmed that BHLHE40, SF1IX1, FBPX1, HSPCA, LHCGR, BMP15, and ET-1R could affect postpartum hypoestrus and control the state of estrus.