Cross-sectional analysis of immunosuppressive regimens focused on everolimus after liver transplantation in a Korean high-volume transplantation center

Sang-Hyun Kang,Shin Hwang,Tae Yong Ha,Gi Won Song,Dong-Hwan Jung,Chul-Soo Ahn,Deok-Bog Moon,Ki-Hun Kim,Gil-Chun Park,Young-In Yoon,Yo Han Park,Hui-Dong Cho,권재현,Yong-Kyu Chung,Jin-Uk Choi,Sung Gyu Lee 대한이식학회 2019 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.33 No.4

Background: The mammalian target of the rapamycin inhibitor has dual inhibitory effects on cell growth and angiogenesis. This study aimed to analyze the usage of everolimus on actual immunosuppression (IS) regimens through a cross-sectional study in a high-volume liver transplantation (LT) center. Methods: Our institutional LT database was searched for adult patients who underwent primary LT surgery between January 2010 and December 2016. We identified 2,093 LT recipients with observation periods of 1 to 8 years. Results: We divided the 2,093 recipients into three groups according to the posttransplant follow-up period as follows: group A (12–36 months; n=680), group B (37–60 months; n=560), and group C (>60 months; n=853). The individual IS agents were tacrolimus in 1,807 patients (86.3%), cyclosporine in 169 patients (8.1%), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in 1,310 patients (62.6%), and everolimus in 115 patients (5.5%). The most common IS regimens were tacrolimus-MMF combination and tacrolimus monotherapy, regardless of the posttransplant period. Patients with pretransplant malignancies were administered everolimus more frequently than those without pretransplant malignancies (P<0.001). In 102 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence or de novo malignancies, IS regimens included everolimus-tacrolimus in 41 patients (40.2%), tacrolimus-MMF in 27 patients (26.4%), tacrolimus in 20 patients (19.6%), MMF in 10 patients (9.8%), cyclosporine in three patients (2.9%), and cyclosporine-MMF in one patient (1.0%). Conclusions: Administration of everolimus after LT has been gradually increasing with the expansion of indications in our institutional practice. Currently, the role of everolimus is minimal and not comparable to that of tacrolimus, but it has a unique position in the field of IS after LT.

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis of Electronic and Electrical Components at the Use Circuit of P-Type Receiver

Yo Shep Shim,Sung Ho Song 위기관리 이론과 실천 2016 Crisisonomy Vol.12 No.6

본 연구에서는 국내에서 중소형 건축물에 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 5회로 P형수신기를 타깃으로 선정하였고, 5회로 P형수신기의 사용자회로와 메인회로 중에서 사용자회로를 중심으로 전기전자부 품에 대한 위험우선순위지수와 중요도를 도출하였다. 구성부품으로 분석하면 Cable에서 2개 모드, Switch 2개 모드, Capacitor 1 개 모드, IC 1 개 모드로 4 개의 구성부품에서 차지하였다. 고장모드는 Cable 의 poor contact/intermittent(112)와 arcing/sparking(121), Switch의 mechanical failure(301)과 inter-mittent/degraded operation (302), Capacitor의 high contact resistance(401) 및 IC 의 drift(501)이었다. 중요 도에서 가장 높게 나타난 고장모드는 Cable 의 Poor contact/intermittent(112)와 Arcing/sparking(121), Diode 의 Shorted(201)였다. P 형수신기의 경우는 Cable 의 연결하는 커넥터부분의 접속불량이 가장 문 제였으며, 이런 접속부의 접속불량은 아크와 스파크를 동반하고 있어 주위가연물이 존재하면 화재 뿐만 아니라 고장을 일으킬 수 있는 조건으로도 작용하였다. Cable 과 Switch 의 관리 및 내구성이 높은 부품의 변경으로 내구연한을 높일 수 있다.. 본 연구는 인적재난위기의화재와 생활안전위기의 생활용품안전에 활용가능하다. This study is aimed to reduce failure rates and failure modes through the arrangement of the list corresponding to the component of the electrical and electronic in the user circuit of a P-type receiver. This paper analyzes a user circuit of monitoring and alarm systems in buildings. In the user circuit, the heaviest failure modes are shown in cables. The results of a risk priority number (RPN) analysis shows that a total of 6 failure modes is shown in the parts of contact/intermittent (112) and arcing/sparking (121) of the cables. Moreover, a mechanical failure (301) and an intermittent/degraded operation (302) of On/Off switch, high contact resistance (401) of a capacitor, and a drift (501) of IC are the other modes of the failure. Consequently, we find that the part of frequent breakdown is the cable and verify that the defect of cable connectors causes lots of failures of user circuits such as contact/intermittent. We expect that these findings will contribute to increase the quality of firefighting supplies and their life-spans.

Overexpression of three related root-cap outermost-cell-specific C2H2-type zinc-finger protein genes suppresses the growth of Arabidopsis in an EAR-motif-dependent manner

( Sang-kee Song ),( Hyeon-ung Jang ),( Yo Han Kim ),( Bang Heon Lee ),( Myeong Min Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2020 BMB Reports Vol.53 No.3

The root meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana is protected by the root cap, the size of which is tightly regulated by the balance between the formative cell divisions and the dispersal of the outermost cells. We isolated an enhancer-tagged dominant mutant displaying the short and twisted root by the overexpression of ZINC-FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA1 (ZAT1) encoding an EAR motif-containing zinc-finger protein. The growth inhibition by ZAT1 was shared by ZAT4 and ZAT9, the ZAT1 homologues. The ZAT1 promoter was specifically active in the outermost cells of the root cap, in which ZAT1-GFP was localized when expressed by the ZAT1 promoter. The outermost cell-specific expression pattern of ZAT1 was not altered in the sombrero (smb) or smb bearskin1 (brn1) brn2 accumulating additional root-cap layers. In contrast, ZAT4-GFP and ZAT9- GFP fusion proteins were distributed to the inner root-cap cells in addition to the outermost cells where ZAT4 and ZAT9 promoters were active. Overexpression of ZAT1 induced the ectopic expression of PUTATIVE ASPARTIC PROTEASE3 involved in the programmed cell death. The EAR motif was essential for the growth inhibition by ZAT1. These results suggest that the three related ZATs might regulate the maturation of the outermost cells of the root cap. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(3): 160-165]

Surgical results of only antegrade del Nido cardioplegia infusion in conventional coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective study

Sang-Uk Park,Yo Han Bae,김윤석,Kyungsub Song,장우성 영남대학교 의과대학 2023 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.40 No.-

Background: Additional retrograde cardioplegia infusion in conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was introduced to address the concern of inappropriate cardioplegia delivery through the stenotic coronary artery. However, this method is complex and requires repeated infusions. Therefore, we investigated the surgical outcomes of only antegrade cardioplegia infusion in conventional CABG. Methods: We included 224 patients who underwent isolated CABG between 2017 and 2019. The patients were divided into two groups according to the cardioplegia infusion method: antegrade cardioplegia infusion with del Nido solution (n=111, group I) and antegrade+retrograde cardioplegia infusion with blood cardioplegia solution (n=113, group II). Results: The sinus recovery time after release of the aorta cross-clamp was shorter in group I (3.8±7.1 minutes, n=98) than in group II (5.8±4.1 minutes, n=73) (p=0.033). The total cardioplegia infusion volume was lower in group I (1,998.6±668.6 mL) than in group II (7,321.0±2,865.3 mL) (p<0.001). Creatine kinase-MB levels were significantly lower in group I than in group II (p=0.039). Newly developed regional wall motion abnormalities on follow-up echocardiography were detected in two patients (1.8%) in group I and five patients (4.4%) in group II (p=0.233). There was no significant difference in ejection fraction improvement between the two groups (3.3%±9.3% in group I and 3.3%±8.7% in group II, p=0.990). Conclusion: The only antegrade cardioplegia infusion strategy in conventional CABG is safe and has no harmful effects.

Long-term results of conjoined unification venoplasty for multiple portal vein branches of the right liver graft in living donor liver transplantations

Sung-Gyu Lee,Shin Hwang,Tae Yong Ha,Gi Won Song,Dong-Hwan Jung,Gil-Chun Park,Chul-Soo Ahn,Deok-Bog Moon,Ki Hun Kim,Young-In Yoon,Yo Han Park,Hui-Dong Cho,Yong-Kyu Chung,Sang-Hyun Kang,Jin-Uk Choi,Sung 대한이식학회 2019 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.33 No.4

Background: Autologous portal vein Y-graft (PYG) interposition has been the standard procedure for reconstruction of double portal vein (PV) orifices of right liver grafts during living donor liver transplantations. However, it has the disadvantage of being vulnerable to anastomotic stenosis. A refined technique of conjoined unification venoplasty (CUV) was developed to secure PV reconstruction. Methods: We reviewed the surgical outcomes in PV reconstructions using CUVs in 21 cases which were followed up for >3 years. Results: The mean age of recipients was 51.7±4.9 years. The model for end-stage liver disease score was 15.3±6.4. The graft-recipient weight ratio was 1.12±0.21. Recipient PYGs were harvested in all cases. All living donors were blood relatives or relatives through marriage with type III PV anomalies. The number of right liver graft PV orifices was two in 19 cases and three in two cases. For the central intervening vein patch, a PV segment was used in six cases, and an autologous greater saphenous vein patch was used in the remaining 15 cases. The 21 patient cohort displayed a 100% 4-year patient survival rate. None of them underwent any PV interventions including interventional stenting. Serial follow-up computed tomography scans revealed that the reconstructed PV showed early reshaping with a stable streamlined configuration for over 3 years. Conclusions: PV reconstruction using the CUV technique appears to be significantly more effective in preventing PV complications. We believe that CUV is a useful technique to reconstruct right liver grafts with multiple PV orifices.

Suppression of Src and Syk in the NF-κB signaling pathway by <i>Olea europaea</i> methanol extract is leading to its anti-inflammatory effects

Song, Chaoran,Hong, Yo Han,Park, Jae Gwang,Kim, Han Gyung,Jeong, Deok,Oh, Junsang,Sung, Gi-Ho,Hossain, Mohammad Amjad,Taamalli, Amani,Kim, Ji Hye,Kim, Jong-Hoon,Cho, Jae Youl Elsevier 2019 Journal of Ethnopharmacology Vol.235 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Ethnopharmacological relevance</B></P> <P> <I>Olea europaea</I> L., (Oleaceae) has been used widely in folk medicine in the European Mediterranean islands, India, Asia, and other parts of the world. Although this plant has high ethnopharmacological value for treating inflammatory diseases, the molecular mechanisms of how it inhibits the inflammatory response are not fully understood. In this study, we sought to identify the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of this plant.</P> <P><B>Materials and methods</B></P> <P>Using macrophages, we investigated the effects of <I>O. europaea</I> L. methanol extract (Oe-ME) and ethanol extract (Oe-EE) on the production of inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>), the expression levels of pro-inflammatory genes and intracellular inflammatory signaling activities.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Oe-ME and Oe-EE suppressed the production of NO in lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-), Pam3CSK4-, and poly (I:C)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells; importantly, no cytotoxicity was observed. Oe-ME and Oe-EE reduced production of PGE<SUB>2</SUB> without exhibiting cytotoxicity. The mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were down-regulated by Oe-ME and Oe-EE. Nuclear fraction and whole lysate immunoblotting analyses and overexpression experiments strongly suggested that Oe-ME decreased the translocation of p65 and p50 (nuclear factors of the NF-κB subunit) as well as Src and Syk.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>These results suggest that Oe-ME exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by targeting Src and Syk in the NF-κB signaling pathway.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effects of Temperature and Time on the Melting and Crystallization of Polyesters(Ⅱ) : Poly(1,4-butanediol succinate) 폴리(1,4-부탄디올 숙시네이트)의 용융 및 결정화

Sung, Yoing Kiel,Song, Dae Kyung 東國大學校 1994 東國論叢 Vol.33 No.-

중합체의 유리전이온도, 용융온도 및 결정화 온도를 시차주사열량계를 이용하여 측정 분석하였다. 폴리(1,4-부탄디올 숙시네이트)의 유리전이온는 73℃에서 나타났으며, 다중용융현상을 나타내었다. 가열속도, 냉각속도, 재가열속도 및 분자량에 따른 중합체의 결정화 및 냉결정화에 대하여 조사하였다. 가열속도가 느릴수록 핵형성시간 및 중합체사슬의 재배열시간이 증가되므로 인하여 용융상태로부터 결정화 온도가 증가하였다. 등온과정에서의 결정화 속도에 대해 조사하고 핵형성 및 결정화에 정보를 주는 아브라미지수가 3이 됨을 확인하였다. 그리고 폴리(1,4-부탄디올 숙시네이트)로부터 형성된 구정은 말타십자형이었다. The glass transition temperature, melting, and crystallization temperatures of poly(1, 4-butanediol succinate) were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. The glass transition temperature of poly(1,4-butanediol succinate) was shown at 73℃ and melting endotherm revealed multiplet. The crystallization and cold crystallization of the polymers were investigated as a function of heating rate, cooling rate, reheating rate, and molecular weight. Slower scanning rates allowed more times for nucleation, reorganization, and packing of the polymer chain, so the onset temperature of crystallization from the melt was increased. The crystallization kinetics were also studied in isothermal condition. The Avrami exponent, n, which provides the information on the type of nucleation and crystallization occuring, was about 3. The spherulite formed in poly(1, 4-butanediol succinate) has a Maltese cross.

Effects of Composted Pig Manure on Rice Cultivation in Paddy Soils of Different Texture

Yo-Sung Song(송요성),Han-Kang Kwak(곽한강),Byung-keun Hyun(현병근),Byeong-Yeol Yeon(연병열),Pil-Joo Kim(김필주) 한국토양비료학회 2001 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Characterization of Cell Growth and Camptothecin Production in Cell Cultures of Camptotheca acuminata

Song, Seung-Hoon,Byun, Sang-Yo The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 1998 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.8 No.6

Studies were made to elucidate the cell growth and the production of camptothecin and its derivatives in cell cultures of Camptotheca acuminata. High resolution HPLC chromatograms to analyze camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin in lactone and carboxylate forms were obtained with a fluorescence detector. Calli inductions were optimized with the young stem of explant on Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with 5 mg/l $\alpha$-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 0.2 mg/l 6-benzylamino purine (BAP), 2.0% sucrose, and 0.5% agar. The hybrid medium, a mixture of SH and Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts, was developed for homogeneous suspension cultures without large cell aggregates. The optimum phytohormone concentrations for successful suspension cultures were 1.0mg/l of 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l of kinetin. The highest growth in suspension cultures was observed when 49.7% (w/w) of the cells was composed of small aggregates which were below 0.1 mm in diameter. Time course changes of cell growth and camptothecin production showed that camptothecin accumulation was started at the end of the growth phase and the maximum content was obtained 10 days after inoculation. Yeast extract elicitor increased camptothecin accumulation 4 times. Methyl jasmonate and jasmonic acid also increased camptothecin production 6 and 11 times, respectively.

Apoptotic Effects of Sipimikwanjung-tang of Sasang Constitutional Medicine in Human Hepatoblastoma Cells

Song Seung-Yun,Bae Young-Chun,Lee Sang-Min,Kim Kyung-Yo,Joo Jong-Cheon,Ko Ki-Duk,Park Soo-Jeong,Lee Kyung-Sung,Choi Yong-Seok,Kim Jong-Yeol The Society of Korean Medicine 2005 대한한의학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Objective : This study on Sipimikwanjung-tang was undertaken to evaluate its antioxidant capacities and antiperoxidation activities in rat liver tissues. Sipimikwanjung-tang which has been one of the prescriptions in sasang constitutional medicine is usually applied for the therapy of various liver diseases. It is elucidated that Sipimikwanjung-tang has antioxidants on liver tissue of rat and the cytotoxic effects on human hepatoblastoma Hep G2 cells. Methods: Sipimikwanjung-tang extract in antioxidant effects of Hep G2 cells is evaluated by MTT assay, DAPI staining, DNA fragmentation assays and FACS can analysis. Results: Sipimikwanjung-tang induced apoptosis in Hep G2 cells, and induced G1 and G2M arrest of the cell cycle as well as a significant increase in PARP and caspase-3 activity. It induced an increase in $H_2O_2$ generation and the subsequent $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation and also induced cell apoptosis through the caspase-3-dependent pathways in the low concentration of Sipimikwanjung-tang extracts. However, the high dose of Sipimikwanjung-tang extract in Hep G2 cells inhibited $TGF-{\beta}l-induced$ apoptosis via increase in cellular $H_2O_2$, formation and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in human hepatoblastoma Hep G2 cells. Conclusion: From this study, the possibility that Sipimikwanjung-tang extracts apply to antioxidant and apoptotic treatment of disease is revealed.