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GIS와 NRCS방법을 이용한 호우형태에 따른 빈도별 유출 분석
연규방 ( Gyu Bang Yeon ),정승권 ( Seung Kwon Jung ),김주훈 ( Joo Hun Kim ) 한국지리정보학회 2003 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.6 No.1
강우-유출과정은 시간적, 공간적 다변성을 지닌 수문학적 인자에 좌우되기 때문에 수문모의를 위해서는 많은 매개변수와 다양한 정보들이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 지형자료를 활용하기 위한 GIS기법과 유추분석을 위한 NRCS(Natural Resources Conservation Service) 방법을 이용하여 빈도별 유출양상을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. FARD 2002 프로그램을 이용하여 확률강우량을 합한 분포형으로 나타났다. 유역의 지형학적 특성을 규명하기 위한 DEM 자료의 분석은 TOPAZ 프로그램을 이용하였다. 유역 내 유효우량 산정을 위해 토지이용도와 토양도를 이용하여 NRCS curve number를 산정하였다. NRCS 방법의 적용을 위한 Type Ⅱ와 Type Ⅲ를 적용하였다. 적용 결과, 재현기간이 80년 빈도 이상인 호우에 대해서는 Type Ⅱ, Type Ⅲ에 상관없이 비슷한 양상으로 나타났다. 또한 대상유역의 하천정비기본계획보고서에서 제시한 빈도별 홍수량과 비교한 결과 재현기간 80년과 100년 빈도 홍수량에 대하여 상대오차가 각각 7.65%와 5.33%로서 비슷한 유출량을 나타내었다. Rainfall-runoff process is under the control of hydrologic parameters having temporal and spatial variety. Accordingly, it is difficult to efficiently deal them since many parameters and various information are required to perform hydrologic simulation. So the purposes of this study is to estimate the runoff volume by frequency using GIS techniques and NRCS method. The analysis of frequency rainfall is analyzed using FARD 2002 program and the result of goodness of fit test show that Log-pearson type Ⅲ is suitable distribute type for the applied area. TOPAZ program used for the analysis of DEM data examining into geological characteristic. NRCS curve numbers estimated using landuse map and soil map for the estimation of effective rain fall in the basin. The storm Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅲ were used as the type for the application of NRCS. The result of application show that the runoff volumes above 80 years frequency in return period have similar pattern regardless of Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅲ. In addition, the results of comparison with runoff volumes by frequency in the report of river improvement master plan show that it have similar volumes as the relative errors for them of 80, 100 years frequency are each 7.65%, 5.33%
Herbal Medicine Treatment for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
Bang, Miran,Lee, Sun Haeng,Cho, Seung-Hun,Yu, Sun-Ae,Kim, Kibong,Lu, Hsu Yuan,Chang, Gyu Tae,Min, Sang Yeon Hindawi 2017 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2017 No.-
<P><B>Objective</B></P><P> To summarize and evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children.</P><P><B> Methods</B></P><P> Thirteen electronic databases were searched from their inception to November 2016. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy of herbal medicines alone or in combination with other Traditional Chinese Medicine treatments for ASD in children were included. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used and other data analyses were performed using RevMan (Version 5.3).</P><P><B> Results</B></P><P> Ten RCTs involving 567 patients with ASD were included for qualitative synthesis. In conjunction with conventional therapy, herbal medicines significantly improved the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) score, but the results of effects on total effective rate (TER) were different between the included studies. The use of herbal medicines with integrative therapy improved the CARS score and TER. In the studies that documented adverse events, no serious events were associated with herbal medicines.</P><P><B> Conclusions</B></P><P> The efficacy of herbal medicines for the treatment of ASD appears to be encouraging but was inconclusive owing to low methodological quality, herbal medicine diversity, and small sample size of the examined studies.</P>