Endothelial Progenitor Cells’ Classification and Application in Neurological Diseases

Jing-jing Yuan,Jing Yang,Shi-lei Sun,Rui Zhang,Yu-ming Xu 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2017 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.14 No.4

The therapeutic effects of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) on ischemic stroke have been extensively studied in recent years. However, the differences in early EPCs and endothelial outgrowth cells (EOCs) are still unclear. Clarifications of their respective properties and specific functioning characteristics contribute to better applications of EPCs in ischemic diseases. In this review, we discuss cellular origin, isolation, culture, surface markers of early EPCs and EOCs and relevant applications in neurological diseases. We conclude that EOCs possess all characteristics of true endothelial progenitors and have potent advantages in EPC-based therapies for ischemic diseases. A number of preclinical and clinical applications of EPCs in neurological diseases are under study. More studies are needed to determine the specific characteristics of EPCs and the relevant mechanisms of EPCs for neurological diseases.

MiR-193b enhanced proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis through targeting RAB7A in osteosarcoma cell

Zhang Yuan-yuan,Xu Hai-yan,Dai Jing-jing 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2021 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.17 No.1

Background Accumulating study indicated that microRNA (miRNA) played critical role in the osteosarcoma (OS). The role and mechanisms of miR-193b in OS cell lines were still unknown. Objective We resolved the miR-193b expression in OS cell line and normal cell by RT-PCR assay. The effects of upregulated miR-193b on OS cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, would-healing assay and flow cytometric analysis in vitro, respectively. We investigated the effect of upregulated miR-193b on the mRNA level of cell cycle protein CCND1 and CCNE1 using RT-PCR assay and the protein level of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related protein E-cadherin, vimentin, and N-cadherin by western blotting assay in MG-63 and U2SO cells. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays were employed to identify the candidate target gene RAB7A of miR-193b. Results The expression of miR-193b was downregulated in OS cells. In MG-63 and U2SO cells, ectopic miR-193b expression inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis. We found that miR-193b reduced the mRNA expression of CCND1 and CCNE1, and regulated the associated proteins of EMT including E-cadherin, vimentin and N-cadherin in MG-63and U2SO cell lines. Moreover, the candidate target gene RAB7A was negatively regulated by miR-193b. In addition, upregulated RAB7A rescued the inhibitory effect of miR-193b mimics on the development of OS cell. Conclusion In conclusion, this study suggested that miR-193b overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced cell apoptosis by down-regulating RAB7A in OS cell lines.

Sizing Up Chinese Military Buildup: The Limitations to Defense Modernization

( Jing Dong Yuan ),( Yu Chao Zhu ) 한국국방연구원 1996 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.8 No.1

This article documents and analyzes China`s recent defense modernization programs, in particular its arms acquisitions from the United States and Russia since the early 1980s. It examines how China`s changing security perspectives and the concomitant shifts in strategic doctrines have informed and conditioned the country`s defense modernization priorities and programs. On the one hand, the doctrinal shift from an emphasis on "people`s war" to one on "local war under hi-tech conditions" has highlighted the needs to modernize equipment in several key mission areas, which remains deficient. On the other hand, China`s domestic defense industry appears unable to provide the kind of sophisticated weaponry that modern warfare requires. To close this mission-capability gap requires imports of both advanced defense equipment and military technology. Significant weapons acquisitions are antithesis to the long-held principle of self-reliance and may create a politically unacceptable dependence relationship with foreign suppliers; nor is such a quick-fix tactic financially feasible or realistic. Consequently, while selective purchases of equipment in high-priority and "bottleneck" areas remain an important policy option, a long-term strategy has been to enhance the overall technological level of the domestic defense industrial base, with an emphasis on the importation of technology, licensed production, coproduction, and co development of weapons. China`s arms acquisitions from the United States and the Soviet Union or Russia during 1980-95 have shown that major purchases have been limited and selective, and mainly in the areas where the PLA needed immediate equipment improvement, or in the areas where imports could result in military technology transfers. China`s experience with buying US defense equipment, where actual purchases consistently fell far below what was allowed, is a clear indication of Chinese approaches. At the same time, the recent "buying spree" of Russian weaponry notwithstanding, such significant purchases were largely motivated by opportunities (e.g., attractive price and payment arrangements). Even here, Chinese defense planners have sought to obtain Soviet/Russian military technology, license-production rights, and/or coproduction arrangements. And the recent Sino-Russian agreement on completing the long-stalled sale of Su-27s may clear the way for the transfer of Su-27 production technology to Chinese aerospace industries, with significant long-term implications for China`s defense modernization and regional military balance. However, in overall terms, China`s current abilities to obtain advanced defense equipment from abroad will remain limited due both to domestic resource limitations and to Western (and even Russian) export control policies. Clearly, there are limitations to the pace and scope of Chinese military buildup, which recent analyses tend to overestimate. A more balanced analysis needs to take into consideration opportunities as well as constraints that may affect the progress of Chinese defense modernization.

A Switched Quasi-Z-Source Inverter with Continuous Input Currents

Jing Yuan,Yongheng Yang,Frede Blaabjerg 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

This paper proposes a modified Switched quasi-ZSource Inverter (Sq-ZSI). The proposed Sq-ZSI achieves continuous input currents with a larger conversion ratio by replacing one diode of the Diode-assisted Switched Boost Inverter (DASBI) with a capacitor. Moreover, the voltage stress of the power switches in the proposed Sq-ZSI is lower and the voltage stress of the capacitors remains the same. The proposed topology is benchmarked with other Z-source inverters using active switches in terms of conversion ratio, voltage gain, and stresses on the power switches and capacitors. Simulation and experimental tests are provided to validate the analysis.

THE BUSH DOCTRINE : CHINESE PERSPECTIVES AND RESPONSES

Yuan, Jing-dong 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2003 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.27 No.4

The Bush Doctrine has important implications for China. It challenges principles that Beijing holds dear with respect to state sovereignty, multipolarity, and the role of international organizations. Continued American primacy in international affairs marginalizes China's importance. In addition, key elements of th Bush Doctrine such as preemption, missile defenses, and a growing U.S. military presence as a result of the war against terrorism directly affect Chinese national security interests. However, while Beijing has a very negative view of the Bush Doctrine, its responses have been more measured and pragmatic. China recognizes its own limitation and the need to avoid direct confrontation with the United States. Its leaders also believe that the Bush Doctrine will have limited application to only a few exceptional cases simply because unilateralism cannot be sustained long in the face of domestic and international opposition. Instead, Beijing seized the opportunity provided by 9-11 and the changing focus of U.S. security policy to expand areas of common interest while minimizing the impact of differences. How the Bush Doctrine will affect China's interests in the future will depend on how well the two manage their increasingly complex relationship.

Performance of a Large Volume Liquid Scintillation Detector for the Measurement of Fast Neutrons

Jing-Jun Zhu,J.I. Lee,곽정원,Jin Li,Ke-Jun Kang,M.J. Hwang,M.J. Lee,S.C. Kim,S.S. Myung,S.Y. Kim,Y.D. Kim,Yuan-Jing Li,J. Lee,김선기,방형찬,H.J. Kim,이현수,한인식,권영준 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.47 No.1

The KIMS collaboration is an experimental group searching for the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) which is one of the strongest candidates of dark matter. In a WIMP search experiment, the neutron is an important background because the nuclear recoil signal of a neutron is indistinguishable from that of a WIMP. We have constructed a 20-liter liquid scintillation detector to measure the neutron background. We present the performance of the neutron detector, as well as its structure and electronics system. We have achieved a good neutron/gamma separation anda good position measurement. A position dependent energy calibration has also been performed to correct the nonlinear response of the detector for different particle incident positions.

2,5-Hexanedione induces apoptosis via a mitochondriamediated pathway in PC12 cells

Yuan Qi,Shuang-yue Li,Feng-yuan Piao,Zhe-min Wang,Ruo-lin Chen,Shuang Liu,Jing-shun Shen 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2015 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.11 No.1

2,5-Hexanedione (HD) is the main active metabolite of n-hexane and mediates the neurotoxicity of the parent compound. Studies suggested that apoptosis involved in HD neurotoxicity. However, the mechanism of HD-induced neuronal apoptosis remains unknown. To explore its underlying mechanism, we treated PC12 cells with 5, 10 and 20 mM HD for 24 h, respectively. We found that HD induced apoptotic death in PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, HD down-regulated Bcl-2 expression, up-regulated Bax expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, promoted the disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, induced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and increased the activity of caspase-3 in PC12 cells, which were all the key regulators of intrinsic apoptotic pathway. These results indicate that HD induces apoptosis via a mitochondria- mediated pathway in PC12 cells.

A Comparison of the Fitness Functions to Identify the Motor-Table System: Simulations and Experiments

Yuan-Chou Jing,Kun-Yung Chen 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.4

The different state-error fitness functions (FFs) are proposed and compared numerically and experimentally to identify a motor-table system by using self-learning particle swarm optimization (SLPSO). Firstly, the completed mathematical model containing both of mechanical and electrical equations is successfully formulated. Secondly, the FFs containing different state-errors are compared by using PSO and SLPSO to identify the unknown parameters. It is found that the identify performance of the SLPSO algorithm by using FF with full-state error of displacement, velocity and current is the best than the other methods. Thus, the FF with full-state errors is adopted in experiments for a real mechatronic motor-table system. Then, the unknown parameters are successfully identified by the SLPSO algorithm. The contributions of this paper are: (1) the more states of the system are measured and used in the FF, the more parameters of system are accurately identified by the proposed identification approach, (2) the FF with full-state errors is performed in a real mechatronic motor-table system, and the unknown parameters are successfully identified by the SLPSO algorithm in experimental results.

Punicic Acid from Trichosanthes kirilowii Seed Oil Is Rapidly Metabolized to Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Rats

Yuan, Gao-Feng,Yuan, Jing-Qun,Li, Duo The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

The incorporation and metabolism of orally administered punicic acid (PA), one isomer of conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA), in rat tissues and plasma were studied over a 24-hour period. The punic acid was derived from Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim seed oil, a unique PA-containing material, and identified and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that PA was incorporated and metabolized to 9c,11t-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in rat plasma, liver, kidney, heart, brain, and adipose tissue. The level of PA and CLA in liver and plasma was higher than in brain, heart, kidney, and adipose tissue, and the lowest accumulation occurred in the brain. The observation that PA can be converted into 9c,11t-CLA has gained increased importance since it has been demonstrated that 9c,11t-CLA exerts many biological activities. Therefore natural resources containing CLNA, especially edible T. kirilowii seed, could be a potential dietary source of CLA, following PA metabolism. PA is expected to be used as a functional food and nutraceutical.

EphB1 and Ephrin-B, New Potential Biomarkers for Squamous Cell/adenosquamous Carcinomas and Adenocarcinomas of the Gallbladder

Yuan, Yuan,Yang, Zhu-Lin,Miao, Xiong-Ying,Liu, Zi-Ru,Li, Dai-Qiang,Zou, Qiong,Li, Jing-He,Liang, Lu-Feng,Zeng, Gui-Xiang,Chen, Sen-Lin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.3

Squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinoma (SC/ASC) of the gallbladder are rare tumors and there are few clinical reports in the literature. Herein we report our clinical experience with 46 patients with SC/ASC and 80 with adenocarcinoma (AC). Expression of EphB1 and Ephrin-B in each tumor was determined using immunohistochemical methods for determination of correlations with prognosis. There was no difference in EphB1 and Ephrin-B expression between SC/ASC and AC tumors (P>0.05), but greater expression in those less than 3 cm in diameter, stage I or II (TNM stage), with no lymph node metastases, with no local invasion and treated with radical resection was apparent. Expression of EphB1 (P<0.05) and Ephrin-B (P<0.01) was higher in well differentiated than in poorly differentiated AC tumors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that degree of differentiation, tumor diameter, lymph node metastases, local invasion, surgical approach and expression rate of EphB1 and Ephrin-B were closely related to the survival of SC/ASC (P<0.05) and AC patients (P<0.01). Patients with tumors that positive expressed EphB1 and Ephrin-B, whether it is SC/ASC ($P_{SC/ASC}$ =0.000) or AC ($P_{AC}$ =0.000 or $P_{AC}$ =0.002) had longer survival than those negative expression. Cox multivariate analysis indicated a negative correlation between expression of EphB1 or Ephrin-B and overall survival. Hence, EphB1 and Ephrin-B could be regarded as independent good prognostic factorsand important biological markers for SC/ASC and AC of gallbladder.