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Re-approaching Universal Welfare
Yang Yi-Fan,Xiao Tai-Xi 연세대학교 빈곤문제국제개발연구원 2011 Journal of Poverty Alleviation and International D Vol.2 No.1
Along with China's in-depth development of reform, it has become difficult to effectively deal with the increasingly austere social risks in the countryside and meet the aged residents’pressing demands of a pension guarantee. This article seeks to shed light on the development of the Chinese rural pension policy from a growing body of literature. This article argues that the rise of the new rural pension scheme is directly related to the emerging ideas of “social security for all”, which abandons the previous policy idea that farmers could still rely on their land and family supplemented by private commercial insurance. However, even though the state has become more involved with this issue, the old-age security of farmers in rural China is still standing on very thin ice and the prospect for further more active state involvement in long run remains ambiguous due to many restrictive conditions. There should be more attention to crucial groups including those households that practice family planning by having only one child or two girls, the elderly, and households with no children, and concentrate on some policy instruments like old-age allowances, micro-insurance and tax-free saving plans for the aged. All in all, the target is to make the rural social old-age security system match with the traditional family protection, collective mutual aid organizations so as to construct Chinese characteristics of multi-level old-age security system between rural and urban areas.
Ding Sheng-Long,Zhang Tai-Wei,Zhang Qi-Chen,Ding Wang,Li Ze-Fang,Han Guan-Jie,Bai Jin-Song,Li Xi-Lei,Dong Jian,Wang Hui-Ren,Jiang Li-Bo 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-
Night shift workers with disordered rhythmic mechanical loading are more prone to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Our results showed that circadian rhythm (CR) was dampened in degenerated and aged NP cells. Long-term environmental CR disruption promoted IDD in rats. Excessive mechanical strain disrupted the CR and inhibited the expression of core clock proteins. The inhibitory effect of mechanical loading on the expression of extracellular matrix genes could be reversed by BMAL1 overexpression in NP cells. The Rho/ROCK pathway was demonstrated to mediate the effect of mechanical stimulation on CR. Prolonged mechanical loading for 12 months affected intrinsic CR genes and induced IDD in a model of upright posture in a normal environment. Unexpectedly, mechanical loading further accelerated the IDD in an Light-Dark (LD) cycle-disrupted environment. These results indicated that intrinsic CR disruption might be a mechanism involved in overloading-induced IDD and a potential drug target for night shift workers.
Yang, Seo Young,Tai, Bui Huu,Song, Seok Bean,Li, Wei,Yan, Xi Tao,Sun, Ya Nan,Nguyen, Phuong Thao,Kim, Young Ho Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.8
A new aliphatic acid amide, ZP-amide F (1), and eight known compounds, including bungeanumamide A (2), tumuramide C (3), ZP-amide A (4), ZP-amide B (5), ZP-amide D (6), hyperin (7), quercitrin (8), and (-)-sesamin (9), were isolated from pericarps of Zanthoxylum piperitum. The effects of these compounds on $TNF{\alpha}$-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and transactivational activity of PPARs, including $PPAR{\alpha}$, $PPAR{\beta}({\delta})$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$ subtypes, were evaluated. Compounds 7 and 9 exhibited potent inhibitory effects on $TNF{\alpha}$-induced NF-${\kappa}B$ activation with $IC_{50}$ values of 5.50 and $8.10{\mu}M$, respectively. Aliphatic acid amide compounds 3, 4 and 6 displayed enhanced effects on PPAR transactivational activity with $EC_{50}$ values of 47.12, 19.13 and $12.02{\mu}M$, respectively. Among them, compound 4 demonstrated an increase in $PPAR{\alpha}$ transactivational activity, compound 3 showed a moderate increase on all PPAR subtypes, whereas compound 6 displayed weak PPAR transactivational activity.
De-Jun Cheng,Jie Zhang,Zhong-Tai Hu,Sheng-Hao Xu,Xi-Feng Fang 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.21 No.10
This paper aims to propose a digital twin-driven (DTD) approach that consists of the machining data (MD) in twin data (TD), design of MD acquisition methodology, construction of intelligent algorithm, real-virtual data interaction analysis and fusion technology, which improvs the predictability and management of on-line quality control of marine diesel engine (MDE) critical parts. Firstly, this paper introduces the theoretical framework of DTD on-line quality control in machining process. Secondly, we construct the process of DTD on-line quality control and introduce the digital twin model of on-line quality control based on TD-driven; the operation of data-driven quality on-line control based on digital twin including description and modeling of MD; acquisition of MD based on digital twin; TD-driven on-line tool life prediction and data fusion on-line machining parameters optimization methods. Finally, a case study is applied to validate the accuracy and availability of the DTD approach. The proposed approach provides a new way for the on-line quality control of MDE critical parts in machining process.
Hu, Qiufen,Yang, Guangyu,Li, Haitao,Tai, Xi,Yin, Jiayuan Korean Chemical Society 2004 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.25 No.5
A new method for the simultaneous determination of seven transition metal ions in water and food by microcolumn high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed. The lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, cobalt, silver and tin ions were pre-column derivatized with tetra-(4-aminophenyl)-porphyrin ($T_4$-APP) to form the colored chelates which were then enriched by solid phase extraction with $C_{18}$ cartridge. The enrichment factor of 50 was achieved by eluted the retained chelates from the cartridge with tetrahydrofuran (THF). The chelates were separated on a ZORBAX Stable Bound microcolumn ($2.0{\times}50\;mm,\;1.8\;{\mu}m$)with methanol-tetrahydrofuran (95 : 5, v/v, containing 0.05 mol/L pyrrolidine-acetic acid buffer salt, pH = 10.0) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and detected with a photodiode array detector from 350-600 nm. The seven chelates were separated completely within 2.0 min. The detection limits of lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, cobalt, silver and tin are 4 ng/L, 3 ng/L, 6 ng/L, 5 ng/L, 5 ng/L, 6 ng/L, 4 ng/L respectively in the original samples. This method was applied to the determination of the seven transition metal in water and food samples with good results.
Electric Control of Friction on Silicon Studied by Atomic Force Microscope
Yan Jiang,Lili Yue,Boshen Yan,Xi Liu,Xiaofei Yang,Guoan Tai,Juan Song 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2015 NANO Vol.10 No.3
We investigated friction on an n-type silicon surface using an atomic force microscope when a bias voltage was applied to the sample. Friction forces on the same track line were measured before and after the bias voltages were applied and it was found that the friction forces in n-type silicon can be tuned reversibly with the bias voltage. The dependence of adhesion forces between the silicon nitride tip and Si sample on the bias voltages approximately follows a parabolic law due to electrostatic force, which results in a significant increase in the friction force at an applied electric field.
Dynamic analysis for gene expression profiles of endothelial colony forming cells under hypoxia
De-Cai Yu,Wen-Du Feng,Xian-Biao Shi,hi-Yong Wang,Wei Ge,Chun-Ping Jiang,Xi-Tai Sun,Yi-Tao Ding 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.4
Previous studies have shown that endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) play an important role in the neovascularization of tumors. Hypoxia is emphasized as an important promoter of angiogenesis. However, little is known about genome-wide transcriptional regulation of ECFCs under hypoxic conditions. In this study, gene expression profiles in ECFCswere evaluated under hypoxic conditions for 3, 6, 12, 24,and 48 h, using Affymetrix U133 plus 2.0 chip microarray. 1,103 hypoxia-regulated genes were filtered, with 379(0.693 %) genes up-regulated and 724 (1.32 %) genes downregulated. Most of the up-regulated genes were involved in apoptosis, cell proliferation, or metabolic processes, while most of the down-regulated genes were involved in cell adherence,cell cycle,DNAandmRNAmetabolic processes,multi-cellular organism development, protein metabolic processes, response to stress, signal transduction, or transport. This expression profile is ECFC-specific, because it is significantly different from those of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, hypoxia-regulated apoptosis in ECFCs is mainly related with the mitochondrial pathway (p53-BAX-Caspase-9) and the death receptor pathway (FASCaspase-8-Caspase-3). MAPK pathway is activated in ECFCs under hypoxic conditions. The differentially expressed genes of ECFCs were identified under hypoxic conditions, and related with cell apoptosis, cell cycle and MAPK pathways, shedding light on the mechanism of angiogenesis.