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Sebastian Wenger,Robert Csapo,Michael Hasler,Hannes Gatterer,Tom Wright,Werner Nachbauer 한국의류학회 2018 Fashion and Textiles Vol.5 No.1
To determine the effects of thermal insulation pads on clothing surface temperature, physical effort and perceived exertion during endurance exercise in cool environments two different pants ( PCOOL, PINSUL) were designed: PCOOL (Insulation: 0.055 clo) was made of a thin base material while PINSUL (Insulation: 0.131 clo) featured additional insulation pads covering ~ 30% of its surface, which were placed over the working leg muscles. Two sets of experiments were performed to compare both pants: Study A was completed in 10 active sportsmen who were instructed to run on a treadmill for 45 min at 60% of their maximal running velocity ( vmax) at 7 °C. In study B, 8 endurance athletes completed the run with 70% vmax at 0 °C. Lower and upper body clothing surface temperatures ( TLB, TUB), auditory canal temperature, blood lactate, heart rate, subjects´ loss of body mass and perceived exertion were measured. In both studies TLB was found to be lower with PINSUL, reflecting smaller heat loss due to the better thermal insulation. However no significant differences between pants were found for auditory canal temperature, blood lactate, heart rate, subjects´ loss of body mass or perceived exertion. Inserting insulation pads into sports apparel is a practicable approach to limit heat emission from working muscles during endurance exercise in the cold without impairing overall body-heat dissipation. However, under the environmental conditions and exercise intensities tested in this study, the thermal insulation of leg muscles failed to significantly affect parameters reflecting physical effort or perceived exertion.
Min Ju Yun,Sungho Kim,Christian Wenger,Hee-Dong Kim 대한전자공학회 2017 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.1
This report covers the resistive switching characteristics of new concept HfO₂-based resistive switching memory (ReRAM) device via quantum tunneling phenomenon. In this memory cell, the nonlinear bipolar resistive switching characteristics, i.e., asymmetric current-voltage curve like Schottky diode were observed. In addition, the device exhibits the forming free resistive switching behaviors from quantum tunneling process, which makes it possible to switch the resistance state under ultra-low current levels of <10 nA. Consequently, these results indicate that the quantum tunneling based resistive switching properties in memory structures having Schottky junction warrant the realization of selector-free ReRAM cells in the high density crossbar array.
Hassan, Yasser,Ashton, Olivia J.,Park, Jong Hyun,Li, Guangru,Sakai, Nobuya,Wenger, Bernard,Haghighirad, Amir-Abbas,Noel, Nakita K.,Song, Myoung Hoon,Lee, Bo Ram,Friend, Richard H.,Snaith, Henry J. American Chemical Society 2019 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.141 No.3
<P>Metal halide perovskites are promising candidates for use in light emitting diodes (LEDs), due to their potential for color tunable and high luminescence efficiency. While recent advances in perovskite-based light emitting diodes have resulted in external quantum efficiencies exceeding 12.4% for the green emitters, and infrared emitters based on 3<I>D</I>/2D mixed dimensional perovskites have exceeded 20%, the external quantum efficiencies of the red and blue emitters still lag behind. A critical issue to date is creating highly emissive and stable perovskite emitters with the desirable emission band gap to achieve full-color displays and white LEDs. Herein, we report the preparation and characterization of a highly luminescent and stable suspension of cubic-shaped methylammonium lead triiodide (CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB>) perovskite nanocrystals, where we synthesize the nanocrystals via a ligand-assisted reprecipitation technique, using an acetonitrile/methylamine compound solvent system to solvate the ions and toluene as the antisolvent to induce crystallization. Through tuning the ratio of the ligands, the ligand to toluene ratio, and the temperature of the toluene, we obtain a solution of CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PbI<SUB>3</SUB> nanocrystals with a photoluminescence quantum yield exceeding 93% and tunable emission between 660 and 705 nm. We also achieved red emission at 635 nm by blending the nanocrystals with bromide salt and obtained perovskite-based light emitting diodes with maximum electroluminescent external quantum efficiency of 2.75%.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Rau Alexander,Neubauer Jakob,Taleb Laetitia,Stein Thomas,Schuermann Till,Rau Stephan,Faby Sebastian,Wenger Sina,Engelhardt Monika,Bamberg Fabian,Weiss Jakob 대한영상의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.24 No.10
Objective: Computed tomography (CT) is an established method for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of multiple myeloma. Here, we investigated the potential of photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) in terms of image quality, diagnostic confidence, and radiation dose compared with energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT). Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, patients with known multiple myeloma underwent clinically indicated whole-body PCD-CT. The image quality of PCD-CT was assessed qualitatively by three independent radiologists for overall image quality, edge sharpness, image noise, lesion conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence using a 5-point Likert scale (5 = excellent), and quantitatively for signal homogeneity using the coefficient of variation (CV) of Hounsfield Units (HU) values and modulation transfer function (MTF) via the full width at half maximum (FWHM) in the frequency space. The results were compared with those of the current clinical standard EID-CT protocols as controls. Additionally, the radiation dose (CTDIvol) was determined. Results: We enrolled 35 patients with multiple myeloma (mean age 69.8 ± 9.1 years; 18 [51%] males). Qualitative image analysis revealed superior scores (median [interquartile range]) for PCD-CT regarding overall image quality (4.0 [4.0–5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0–4.0]), edge sharpness (4.0 [4.0–5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0–4.0]), image noise (4.0 [4.0–4.0] vs. 3.0 [3.0–4.0]), lesion conspicuity (4.0 [4.0–5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0–4.0]), and diagnostic confidence (4.0 [4.0–5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0–4.0]) compared with EID-CT (P ≤ 0.004). In quantitative image analyses, PCD-CT compared with EID-CT revealed a substantially lower FWHM (2.89 vs. 25.68 cy/pixel) and a significantly more homogeneous signal (mean CV ± standard deviation [SD], 0.99 ± 0.65 vs. 1.66 ± 0.5; P < 0.001) at a significantly lower radiation dose (mean CTDIvol ± SD, 3.33 ± 0.82 vs. 7.19 ± 3.57 mGy; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Whole-body PCD-CT provides significantly higher subjective and objective image quality at significantly reduced radiation doses than the current clinical standard EID-CT protocols, along with readily available multi-spectral data, facilitating the potential for further advanced post-processing.
Tracing the Spiral Structure of the Outer Milky Way with Dense Atomic Hydrogen Gas
Koo, Bon-Chul,Park, Geumsook,Kim, Woong-Tae,Lee, Myung Gyoon,Balser, Dana S.,Wenger, Trey V. Astronomical Society of the Pacific 2017 Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pa Vol.129 No.979
<P>We present a new face-on map of dense neutral atomic hydrogen (H I) gas in the outer Galaxy. Our map has been produced from the Leiden/Argentine/Bonn H I 21 cm line all-sky survey by finding intensity maxima along every line of sight and then by projecting them on the Galactic plane. The resulting face-on map strikingly reveals the complex spiral structure beyond the solar circle, which is characterized by a mixture of distinct long arcs of H I concentrations and numerous 'interarm' features. The comparison with more conventional spiral tracers confirms the nature of those long arc structures as spiral arms. Our map shows that the H I spiral structure in the outer Galaxy is well described by a four-arm spiral model (pitch angle of 12 degrees) with some deviations, and gives a new insight into identifying H I features associated with individual arms.</P>
Simmonds, P. G.,Rigby, M.,Manning, A. J.,Lunt, M. F.,O&,apos,Doherty, S.,McCulloch, A.,Fraser, P. J.,Henne, S.,Vollmer, M. K.,Mü,hle, J.,Weiss, R. F.,Salameh, P. K.,Young, D.,Reimann, S.,Wenger Copernicus GmbH 2016 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.16 No.1
<P>Abstract. High frequency, in situ observations from 11 globally distributed sites for the period 1994-2014 and archived air measurements dating from 1978 onward have been used to determine the global growth rate of 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a, CH3CHF2). These observations have been combined with a range of atmospheric transport models to derive global emission estimates in a top-down approach. HFC-152a is a greenhouse gas with a short atmospheric lifetime of about 1.5 years. Since it does not contain chlorine or bromine, HFC-152a makes no direct contribution to the destruction of stratospheric ozone and is therefore used as a substitute for the ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). The concentration of HFC-152a has grown substantially since the first direct measurements in 1994, reaching a maximum annual global growth rate of 0.84 ± 0.05 ppt yr−1 in 2006, implying a substantial increase in emissions up to 2006. However, since 2007, the annual rate of growth has slowed to 0.38 ± 0.04 ppt yr−1 in 2010 with a further decline to an annual average rate of growth in 2013-2014 of −0.06 ± 0.05 ppt yr−1. The annual average Northern Hemisphere (NH) mole fraction in 1994 was 1.2 ppt rising to an annual average mole fraction of 10.1 ppt in 2014. Average annual mole fractions in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in 1998 and 2014 were 0.84 and 4.5 ppt, respectively. We estimate global emissions of HFC-152a have risen from 7.3 ± 5.6 Gg yr−1 in 1994 to a maximum of 54.4 ± 17.1 Gg yr−1 in 2011, declining to 52.5 ± 20.1 Gg yr−1 in 2014 or 7.2 ± 2.8 Tg-CO2 eq yr−1. Analysis of mole fraction enhancements above regional background atmospheric levels suggests substantial emissions from North America, Asia, and Europe. Global HFC emissions (so called “bottom up” emissions) reported by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are based on cumulative national emission data reported to the UNFCCC, which in turn are based on national consumption data. There appears to be a significant underestimate ( > 20 Gg) of “bottom-up” reported emissions of HFC-152a, possibly arising from largely underestimated USA emissions and undeclared Asian emissions. </P>