A Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Trade Efficiency for the Sino-Korea Trade

Wen-Chao Gong,Kanyong Li,Wen-Xia Wang 한국무역학회 2022 Journal of Korea trade Vol.26 No.1

Purpose – This paper intends to make theoretical analysis and empirical test on the factors influencing China's export to South Korea, and draw conclusions about China's export efficiency and trade potential. Based on the conclusions, the reasons for China's trade deficit with South Korea are found, and a solution is put forward for solving the problem of China's trade deficit with South Korea. Design/methodology – Based on the data of 2004-2017 years in China, this paper uses the stochastic frontier gravity model to analyze the influencing factors of China's export to South Korea, as well as the export efficiency of each province and the export potential that can be explored. Findings – First, in terms of the factors affecting China's export trade to South Korea, the GDP of the provinces and cities in China, the FDI of South Korea to the provinces and cities in China, the GDP of South Korea, the population and education level of provinces and cities in China can significantly promote the export scale of Chinese provinces and cities to South Korea. The distance between Chinese provincial capitals and the South Korean capital significantly hinders Chinese exports to South Korea; Second, in terms of export trade efficiency, the trade exchange rate of the economically developed cities along the eastern coast of China and several provinces that are close to South Korea is higher than that of the cities in the central and western regions; Third, economic globalization makes trade more convenient, the average export trade efficiency of China's exports to South Korea showed an upward trend. However, under the influence of the 2008 global financial crisis, the export trade efficiency declined from 2008 to 2009, indicating that the impact of the financial crisis on the trade efficiency cannot be ignored. Originality/value – This paper finds out the influencing factors of China's export to South Korea, analyzes the export efficiency of different provinces and cities, excavates the export potential, and puts forward some suggestions for the balanced development of China and South Korea trade in the next step.

인코텀즈 2020의 중국 내 적용에 관한 연구

궁문초(Wen-Chao GONG),박석재(Suk-Jae PARK),왕문하(Wen-Xia WANG) 한국무역상무학회 2021 貿易商務硏究 Vol.91 No.-

본 연구는 국제상업회의소(ICC)가 공표하여 2020년 1월 1일부터 시행되고 있는 인코텀즈(Incoterms) 2020의 주요 개정 내용을 고찰하였다. 인코텀즈 2020의 주요 개정 내용을 그 이전 판인 인코텀즈 2010과 비교하면서 형식 및 내용면에서 어떠한 개정이 이루어졌는지 고찰하였다. 이를 바탕으로 인코텀즈 2020의 중국 내 적용을 중국 무역에 미치는 영향, 중국 무역업체 및 대학교에 미치는 영향으로 구분하여 고찰하였다. 인코텀즈 2020은 국내의 법이나 국제법은 아니지만 상관습으로서 국제적으로 널리 인정을 받고 있으므로 중국 무역업체들은 인코텀즈 2020에 대한 숙지를 통하여 무역 거래 시 올바른 조건의 선택으로 무역분쟁을 해결하는 데 도움을 받을 수 있을 것이다. 또한 중국 대학교들도 인코텀즈 2020이 작년에 시행되어 2029년까지 사용될 예정이므로 인코텀즈 2020에 대한 교육을 강화하여 무역을 전공하는 학생들에게 적절한 조건을 선택할 수 있는 역량을 배양할 필요성이 있다. With the deepening of reform and opening up, China has become the world"s second largest economy. The sheer volume of trade highlights the importance of understanding and familiarity with relevant trade rules. Incoterms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) are the most accepted and authoritative commercial practices in the world at present. Relevant trade terms are often cited by the parties in concluding international trade contracts to regulate part of the rights and obligations of buyers and sellers. Therefore, it is necessary to study these general principles. Incoterms is the most influential international practice in interpreting trade terms in the world. The latest edition of Incoterms 2020 which was officially implemented on January 1, 2020, will have a significant impact on world commodity import and export trade. This paper analyzes the new changes of the 2020 edition on the basis of comparing the 2020 edition with the 2010 edition. Combining with China"s import and export business practice we analyze the possible impact of the implementation of Incoterms 2020 on China"s foreign trade and discuss general principles which should be concerned from the perspectives of foreign trade enterprises, colleges and universities.

Fabrication of Photopolymer Hierarchical Micronanostructures by Coupling Electrospinning and Photolithography for SERS Substrates

Wen-Yi Zhang,Xin-Ze Xiao,Chao Lv,Jia Zhao,Gong Wang,Xuan Gu,Ran Zhang,Bin-Bin Xu,Dan-Dan Zhang,Ai-Wu Li,Yong-Lai Zhang,Hong-Bo Sun 한국고분자학회 2013 Macromolecular Research Vol.21 No.3

Reported here is the fabrication of photopolymer hierarchical micronanostructures through a combinative process of electrospinning and subsequent photolithography. Electrospun SU-8 (epoxy-based negative photoresist)nanofiber films have been patterned into gratings with periods of 100, 200, 300, and 400 μm, respectively. Deposition of a silver nanolayer on these interlaced nanofiber films would lead to the formation of various plasmonic nanostructures,and therefore, giving rise to abundant surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) “hot spots”. In the detection of Rhodamine 6G (R6G), probing molecule, the resultant SERS substrates show both high sensitivity and good reproducibility. The SERS enhancement factor could reach as high as ~108, indicating high efficiency. The fabrication of patterned, highly efficient SERS substrates may hold a great promise for the integration of SERS substrates in various microdevices such as microfluidic chips.

Feasibility Analysis on the Support of Rock Slopes Against Flexural Toppling Failure Using the DDA Method-A Case Study

Wen Jun Gong,Zhigang Tao,Man Chao He,Hui Jun Hou 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.9

As a typical and complex failure type of rock slopes, flexural toppling failure has increasingly received attention, mainly focused on its failure mechanism and introducing a proper numerical method to reproduce the failure phenomena. However, there are few studies related to the supporting mechanism against flexural toppling failure. This study attempted to make a preliminary analysis on the research gap. For this purpose, an anti-dip layered rock slope supported with anchor cables that failed owning to flexural toppling was taken as an example, and the numerical method discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) was taken as the major analytical tool. Firstly, the rationality of DDA was verified by correctly simulating the failure state of the anti-layered rock slope and the underlying failure mechanism was studied. The results indicated that the lack of the support from slope toe is the crucial factor inducing the flexural toppling failure, which posed a great obstacle to the further excavation of the open-pit mine. Secondly, by introducing the anchor cable support to the slope toe in the DDA model, the interaction mechanism between the anchor cables and the rock slope was investigated. the results indicated that the supporting system of the ordinary anchor cables is very sensitive to the inhomogeneous flexural toppling deformation. The tension values of the anchor cables are very inhomogeneous, and once some of anchor cables beyond their tension limit, the anchor cables failed, which will greatly threaten the safety of the adjacent anchor cables and even the stability of the whole slope. Meanwhile, a novel anchor cable called constant-resistance-large-deformation (CRLD) anchor cable was introduced for a comparative study using DDA. just replacing the anchor cables of the original slope with the CRLD anchor cables, the slope can reach stable state eventually even without the slope toe being enhanced. In addition, the CRLD anchor cables were able to support the slope well against the inhomogeneous deformation, because they can provide high constant resistances and withstand large deformations. This study can provide a deeper insight into the support mechanism for the snit-layered rock slope against flexural toppling failure and introduce a novel supporting method for such slopes.

Experimental research on micro mill-grinding AISI 1045 steel with a cold spraying compound micro cutting tool

Xuelong Wen,Yadong Gong,Chao Wang 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.12

Micro mill-grinding is a novel compound machining process. This article presented a novel micro mill-grinding tool fabricated by cold spray technology. Compound tools with various grit sizes were used in sidewall machining and slotting. It is proved the effect of micro mill-grinding is better in sidewall machining. The machined surface topography and roughness were measured and the results were compared with those of micro milling. It shows that the smaller the grit size is, the smaller the surface roughness is, and the surface textures by compound tools also get tinier and denser with the decrease of the grit size. The influences of processing parameters on sidewall machining were investigated. It is found that surface roughness increases with the increase of cutting depth and feed rate, but decreases with the increase of spindle speed. The plastic deformation was found in the experiments by different machining methods, but there was no microstructure alternation. The plastic deformation of the specimen surface layer is smaller with the high cutting speed and slow feed speed in micro mill-grinding. The microhardness of the processed surface in micro milling-grinding is larger than that in micro-milling. The major wear mode of the micro mill-grinding tools is grit shedding or coating peeling off.

MicroRNA-124 rs531564 Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis

Li, Wen-Jing,Wang, Yong,Gong, Yu,Tu, Chao,Feng, Tong-Bao,Qi, Chun-Jian Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.17

Several studies reported there was a polymorphism (rs531564 C > G) in miR-124 gene. To investigate the MiR-124 rs531564 polymorphism and cancer risk. We conducted a literature search of the Medline, Embase and Wangfang Medicine databases to identify all relevant studies for this meta-analysis. We determined that the miR-124 rs531564 polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased risks of cancers in the allelic model (G vs C, OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.53-0.94, P=0.02), homozygote model (GG vs CC, OR=0.42, 95% CI=0.26-0.66, P=0.0002), dominant model (GG/GC vs CC, OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.51-0.98, P=0.04) and recessive model (GG vs GC/CC, OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.27-0.69, P=0.0004). In an analysis stratified by cervical cancer group, significant associations were observed in the allelic model (G vs C, OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.32-0.66, P<0.0001), and dominant model (GG/GC vs CC, OR=0.45, 95% CI=0.3-0.66, P<0.0001). Subgroup analysis also revealed a decreased risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the homozygote model (GG vs CC, OR=0.45, 95% CI=0.27-0.75, P=0.002) and recessive model (GG vs GC/CC, OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.28-0.75, P=0.002). This meta-analysis suggests that the miR-124 rs531564 C > G polymorphism is an important risk factor for cancers among the Chinese population.

The Influence of Trade and Foreign Direct Investment on Green Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from China and Korea

Kan-Yong Li,Wen-Chao Gong,Beak-Ryul Choi 한국무역학회 2021 Journal of Korea trade Vol.25 No.2

Purpose – This paper intends to conduct theoretical analysis and empirical test on the action mechanism of South Korea-China trade and South Korea’s FDI to China on green total factor productivity, so as to provide a new perspective and ideas for the improvement of China’s green total factor productivity and promote the high-quality development of China’s economy Design/methodology – This paper uses the data of 30 provinces, autonomous regions and munici-palities in China from 2004 to 2017 as the research sample, adopts the GML index method of SBM Directional Distance Function to measure GTFP, and analyzes the influence of South Korea-China trade and FDI from South Korea on China’s GTFP. Findings – Trade is conducive to promoting technological progress, which has a significant promotion effect on China’s green total factor productivity. While FDI has a significant inhibitory effect on China’s green total factor productivity, which verifies the “pollution haven” hypothesis. In addition, such influence has certain regional overall heterogeneity. Trade has a more significant promoting effect on GTFP in eastern coastal areas, while FDI has a more significant inhibitory effect on GTFP in central and western inland areas. The interaction between trade and FDI is conducive to the improvement of green total factor productivity, indicating that the benign mechanism of trade and FDI has been formed. Urbanization, industrial structure, human resource level and investment in science and technology are all conducive to the improvement of GTFP. Originality/value – Through theoretical analysis and empirical test on the action mechanism of South Korea-China trade and South Korea’s FDI on green total factor productivity, this paper provides a solid theoretical foundation for the further development of China-South Korea economic and trade cooperation in the future.

Biosynthesis of 3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-O-Methyltyrosine in the Saframycin/Safracin Biosynthetic Pathway

Cheng Yu Fu,Man Cheng Tang,Chao Peng,Lei Li,Yan Ling He,Wen Liu,Gong Li Tang 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2009 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.19 No.5

The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors in the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Kai-Yun Fu,Qing-Wei Meng,Feng-Gong Lüa,Wen-Chao Guo,Tursun Ahmat,Guo-Qing Li 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.2

The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors possess crucial functions in cell proliferation, determination, differentiation, cell cycle maintenance and homeostasis or stress response pathways. Since a few juvenile hormone analogues such as hydroprene, methoprene and pyriproxyfen targeting a bHLH member Met are already registered for pest management, there is a potential to develop more insecticides targeting various bHLHs. The identification of bHLH members is the first step. Based on the transcriptome and the genome of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata, the most important pest in potato, 49 bHLH members were identified. All LdbHLH memberswere defined by their names and families according to various phylogenetic analyses with bHLH homologues of Drosophila melanogaster, Apis mellifera, Bombyx mori and Tribolium castaneum. Among these LdbHLHs, 17, 10, 10, 1, 10 and 1 members belonged to A, B, C, D, E and F high-order groups, respectively. The results would provide useful background information for future studies on functions of bHLH proteins in the regulation of L. decemlineata development. Moreover, the bHLHs could serve as potential insecticide targets. These proteins could be used in small molecule screen, or in the development of RNAi-based pest management methods.