Konkrete Poesie und expressionistische. Kunst. (Post)Modernistische Aspekte zur Medienverflechtung

Koh, Wee-Kong 弘益大學校 人文科學硏究所 2005 人文科學 Vol.13 No.-

구체시와 표현주의 예술은 서로다른 시대의 예술장르이면서도 비교연구의 가치를 지닌다. 이는 양자가 매체융합의 표현양식 실현으로 모더니즘과 포스트모더니즘 예술형성에 지대한 영향력을 행사하였기 때문이다. 그러나 상세히 관찰해보면 양자사이에는 예술이념, 재료사용, 미학적 효능 등의 면에서 상당한 거리가 있다. 이는 무엇보다 구체성과 추상성이라는 대표개념에서 나타난다. 유사한 시기에 생성되어 발전된 두 양식수법은 „대상성으로부터의 이탈" 이라는 시학원리에서 공통되나 그 구체적 실현방법은 같지않다. 후자가 매체사용의 추상화를 통해 주관적 내면심층의 환상이나 어떤 다른 감추어진 대상성을 표현하려 한다면, 전자는 언어기호의 질료화로 스스로의 대상세계를 창출한다. 따라서 양자에서 추출되는 텍스트의미성은 동일하지않다. Kandinsky의 대표적 추상화 „구성 7(Komposition VII)" 과 Gomringer의 텍스트 „침묵(Schweigen)"을 대비해보자. 기하학적, 구성적 수법을 활용한 전자에서는 대상적 지시성이 완전히 배제되지않는다. 그 표현세계는 생성과 종말의 차원에서 „우주창조의 은유"로 해석된다. 이러한 굴절된 형상조음은 후자의 기호시각화에서는 찾아보기 어렵다. 동일단어의 반복배열과 그로인한 서정시의 도식화는 청각적 침묵의 이미지를 „도상화" 시킴으로써 새로운 지각작용에 호소한다. 여기에서의 침묵은 상징적 의미가 아니라 다원적 기능을 발휘한다. 이러한 현상은 오늘날의 다매체예술에서 발견된다. 구체시와 표현주의 넓게보아 현대예술의 모더니티를 생성, 발전시킨 두 축이다. 양자는 추상화와 구체화라는 양식혁신을 통해 „재현"과 „모방"이라는 종전의 표현법칙으로는 도달할 수 없는 새로운 표현가능성을 개진하였다. 특히 서로다른 개별매체의 통합과 교체를 통해 생산과 수용의 유희공간을 넓히고 독자와 관찰자의 지각행위를 포괄하는 매체미학의 지평을 열어주었다. 이로인해 현대예술은 „언어갱신"이라는 세기적 목표를 구현하며 신매체의 등장으로 인한 예술의 매체화작업에 대처할 통로를 마련하게된다. 개별장르 해체로 인한 이러한 예술의 보편화작업은 그러나 아방가르드와 포스트모더니즘의 전유물이 아니라 르네상스, 바로크, 그리고 낭만주의 시대에 개화한 바 있다. 나아가 모든 예술을 하나로 보는 예술생성의 원천에 닿아있다. 혼합장르나 매체교체 현상은 인류의 장구한 예술, 특히 작품발달사를 관류해온 기본적 „표현의지" 이다. 이런 점에서 상호매체성미학은 전통과 현대의 아우름에서 합당하게 파악 될 수 있다.

요대의 발해유민 연구

김위현(KIM Wee-hoyun) 고구려발해학회 2007 고구려발해연구 Vol.29 No.-

I am trying to point out the contents and errors of Some scholars of the peoples Republic of china from araund of 2000. First of all, I want to indicate the thesis framing. First, even though it was supposed to use the historical materials widely, they didn't use other Ones except their own materials. Even they sometimes did not use their own Ones either. Second, the results of predecessors should be exalted nevertheless what country they were belonged to. However they often ignored even their own ancestors' research results. Even though it is hard to collect various data, they shouldn't have given up easily. Third, considering illogical contents as the logics is absolutely discord. What are the troubles then? 1. The point of view for Dongran (東丹)'s characteristic. Whether it was country or administrative region. Dongran named theirselves as One administrative region and they also had own economical and political systems. If Dongran was One of the administrative regions, it would not be allowed to do above things. Furthermore, they are looking me negotiation with Late Tang as a diplomacy, but it is error from ignoring the existence of Late Palhae. 2. Existence of Late Palhae? It already had been proved by Japanese Watasei(和田淸) in 1916. Furthermore, Japanese Hino Kaijabro(日野開三郞)(in 1941), Korean Lee Yong-Bum(1981), Kim Wee-Hoyun(l981), and Han Gyu-Chul(l995) had reinforced it. 3. Is culture of Palhae from only T ang culture(唐文化) and contact with Han people(漢人)? Of course there are some cultures that are from contact of Tang cultures and Han people. However the root things are from Koguryo. Most residents of Palhae were from Koguryo, therefore it is really illogical that Palhae residents threw away their own cultures, the cultures of Koguryo, and accepted Tang's cultre. 4. Are Palhae and Jurchen the same race(同族)? Jurchen is the name of whole sundry races that lived around Manmong liver(滿蒙). Palhae displaced person(渤海遺民) were also called as Jurchen after Chitan Middle age. Also Wan-yen Bu(完顔部) that built chin(金) is the remaining of Silla(新羅). Therefore, Palhae and Jurchen are not the same races. 5. They presented population of Palhae as about 7~800,000. However Shin Hyung-Sik in Republic of Korea saw that it was 1,300,000, and Jang Jong-Gook in The Democratic peoples Republic of Korea calculated it 5,000,000~6,000,000. The differences are too big. They need even more accurate data providing. 6. We are disagree to the opinion that after ruins of Palhae, the Palhae people had been joined to One of 8 races of Hanjok Then, they should prove how they got new name after 700 years. Palhae people took the big role in founding Chin(金) and Chin's politics. Not only that, the existence also remains in Yan(元) country. We want to know why they had been not united during Chin(Jurchen), Yuan(Mongol), and Ching(Man-Chu) age, but the had been to only Hanjok. As you see there are so many problems that makes hard to agree. If we and they researched and investigated the exact same data that from exactly same literature, the results must be same. If not, it is considered as non-scientific and not object research. Current Chinese scholars' assertion that past four countries' history is China's history because current China territory is covering those four past countries territory is absolutely not acceptable.

마이크로프로세서를 이용한 교류 서보모터의 퍼지 속도제어에 관한 연구

신위재,김동희 慶南大學校 附設 基礎科學硏究所 1996 硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

In this paper, we designed the speed controller using microprocessor with high accuracy and speedy steady-state response, in AC servomotor control system. Fuzzy speed controller of AC servo motor using microprocessor (8097BH) memory have an appropriate fuzzy rule matrix. (which is 3-separate Look-up Table) We determine small changes on these gain coefficients using the method of trial and error and these read to improved by Fuzzy controller. The usefulness of proposed fuzzy speed controller will be confirmed by experiments which we compare with conventional P-I-D controller and Fuzzy controller.

學習者의 感覺樣式과 授業實行方略이 學習에 미치는 效果

陳渭敎,崔圭麟 慶北大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.49 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of instructional delivery strategies, that is , program control, learner control, audio-tutorial instruction, according to the types of sensory modality, that is, auditory versus visual modality, on learning. The specific research problems of this study were: (1) Is there any significant difference between preferred sensory modality groups? (2) Is there any significant difference betwwen CAI and A-TI groups? (3) Is there any significant interactive effects between preferred sensory modality and instructional delivery strategies? The three hypotheses tested were: (1) There is no difference between visual modality preferred group and auditory modality preferred group on academic achievement. (2) There is no difference among instructional delivery strategies on academic achievement. (3) There is no interactive effect between the types of preferred sensory modality and instructional delivery strategies. The subjects in this study were 120 juniors selected by sensory modality checklist. They were randomly assigned to one of six groups: (1) Program control group with visual modality: (2) Program control group with auditory modality: (3) Learner control group with visual modality; (4) Learner control group with auditory modality; (5) Audio-tutorial instruction group with visual modality; and (6) Audio-tutorial instruction group with auditory modality. The independent variables were types of sensory modality and instructional strategies. The dependent variable was the academic achievement scores on the posttest. Based on the achievement scores, 3×2 ANCOVA(covariate: English grades of the first semester) technique was applied. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1. There was no difference between visual modality preferred group and auditory modality preferred group in academic achievement scores. 2. There was no difference among learner control, program control, and audio-tutorial instruction group in academic achievement scores. 3. There was no interactive effects between types of preferred sensory modality and instructional delivery strategies.

DSP 프로세서를 이용한 유압 서보시스템의 퍼지제어

愼瑋縡,金孝烈 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1999 硏究論文集 Vol.17 No.-

본 연구에서는 DSP프로세서를 이용한 퍼지제어기를 설계하였다. 퍼지제어기는 플랜트의 오차와 오차의 변화분으로써 출력이 결정되며 신경망 보상기는 퍼지제어기의 출력과 플랜트의 출력과 플랜트 출력의 변화분으로서 출력이 주어진다. 신경망 보상기의 학습 신호는 플랜트 출력의 변화분을 2차 미분한 결과로부터 생성하며 학습시 신경망의 입력으로 퍼지제어기의 출력과 플랜트의 변화와 플랜트의 오차를 사용한다. 그리고 제안한 알고리즘의 성능을 확인하기 위해 비선형 유압 서보시스템을 대상으로 DSP 프로세서를 사용하여 구현한 후 실험결과를 관찰하였다. In this paper, a Fuzzy controller using DSP processor which has the function of compensating for the output of the controller has been proposed. The proposed controller is base on a general Fuzzy Controller. The learning signal of a Neural Network Compensator was obtained from the results of the second order derivative of the Plant output change. The output value of the general Fuzzy Controller was determined by means of plant error and the error change. The output of the Neural Network Compensator was consisted of the output of fuzzy controller, the plant output and the output change. When it is learning, the input of the Neural Network is the output of the Fuzzy Controller, the plant error and the error change. We implemented the control system using the DSP processor and applied the system in a nonlinear hydraulic servo system.

문예학 인식방법에서의 경험과 해석 : 통합적 방법론 설정의 가능성 Zur Begrundungsmoglichkeit einer integrativen Methodologie

高委恭 弘益大學校 東西文化硏究所 1996 東西文化硏究 Vol.4 No.-

초기 표현주의 서정시에 있어서의 <자아분열>과 <병열문체> : 표현주의 문학의 인식론적 문제성

高委恭 弘益大學校 1983 弘大論叢 Vol.15 No.1

In der vorliegenden Arbeit geht es darum, den Themenkomplex der sog. 'Ichdissoziation' im fr??hexpressionistischen 'Reihungsstil' zu behandeln und damit einige erkennt-niskritische ??berlegungen anzustellen. Dabei beruht die Arbeit, nat??rlich einige Punkte kritisierend, haupts??chlich auf dem Buch 'Expressionismus' von S. Vietta und H-G. Kemper, in dem sich der literarische Expressionismus als ein Epochenbegriff problemgeschichtlich darstellt. Nach den Verfassern ist der Begriff 'Ichdissoziation' als ein Wahrnehmungsproblem des modernen Subjekts in der GroBstadt, n??mlich als ein Erkenntnisproblem des Subjekt-Objekt-Verh??ltnisses zu befassen. Dieses Problem h??ngt also zusammen mit der heftigen Kritik der absoluten Vernunft und dem Entfremdungsverh??ltnis des Menschen zur Wirklichkeit im Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts. Im weltber??hmten Gedicht 'Weltende' von J.v. Hoddis, das die neue Welt der expressionistischen Lyrik er??ffnet hat, zeigt sich nicht ein inhaltlich Neues, sondern eine eigenartige Bildstruktur: die Disparatheit der heterogenen Bilder ist selbst als ein kennzeichnendes Merkmal des Gedichts zu bezeichnen. Die Zusammenhanglosigkeit der Bilder und Verse ist, nach Vietta, nicht mehr der 'Formnegation' gleichzusetzen, sondern verweist vielmehr auf ein bestimmtes Formprinzip. Vietta bringt den sondern verweist vielmehr auf ein bestimmtes Formprinzip. Vietta bringt den 'Reihungsstil' vor allem in Zusammenhang mit der 'dissozierten Wahrnehmung in der GroBstadt'. H. Schneider nennt die besondere Technik und Wirkung des 'Weltende' 'Verfremdung'(im Brechtschen Sinne), welche dem Leser eine 'Unruhe' verursacht. Ziegler, and dessen Arbeit Vietta angeschlossen ist, bezeichnet diesen Sachverhalt als 'Distanz' und 'Perspektive'. Becher spricht vom 'Gef??hl von der Gleichzeitigkeit des Geschehens'. Nach Ziegler "kennt die Gleichheit des Heterogenen weder Kausalit??t noch Finalit??t". Diese Unendlichkeit bildet die Struktur des 'Reihungsstils'. Die Simultaneit??t des Disparaten ('Simultangedicht') selbst ist, meint Schneider, die formale Konkretion der Orientierungslosigkeit der Zeiterfahrung. Man kann feststellen, daB der 'Reihungsstil' das Ph??nomen der 'Ichdissoziation' nicht nur formal, sondern auch inhaltlich im Gedicht darstellt. Kemper behandelt dieses Problem besonders im Hinblick auf das Subjekt-Objekt-Verh??ltnis, wobei er sich auf der positivistischen Theorie Machs st??tzt. Mit Hilfe des positivistischen Ansatzes rechtfertigt er die These 'Wirklichkeit als Empfindung'. Bei der anderen These 'Patrialisierung und Funktionalisierung des Lebens' macht Kemper auf das Problem der 'Disparatheit der Realit??t' aufmerksam und verfolgt dies in den impressionistischen und expressionistischen Werken. Er kommt zu dem SchluB, daB der 'Reihungsstil' auf die 'Unm??glichkeit symbolischer Aussage' der expressionistischen 'abstrakten' Dichtung(Brinkmann) verweist. Nach Kemper liegen die Destruktion und Einheit von Subjekt und Oubjekt den moderne literarischen Str??mungen nach Naturalismus und Positivismus zugrunde. Er nennt diese literaturgeschichtliche Tendenz neu 'poetischen Positivismus'. Dar??ber l??Bt sich streiten. Der Expressionismus kann nicht allein auf Grund der positivistischen Erkenntnistheorie vollst??ndig verstanden werden. Vielmehr sollte er in seiner 'Einheit in Vielheit' flexibl erfaBt werden. Positiv gesagt, lassen sich der 'Reihungsstil' und der literarische Expressionismus als Mimesis einer ver??nderten, modernen Form von Wirklichkeit und Subjektivit??t interpretieren. Dies bedeutet im Hinblick auf die Gedichtstruktur, daB der Wirklichkeitsbezug eines Gedichts nicht allein inhaltlich zu fassen, sein Verweischarakter auch in der Form zu suchen ist. Dieser Gedanke ist ein interessanter Punkt. Aber um dies zu verdeutlichen und systematisieren, muB man, meine ich, poetologische, literatursoziologische und literaturgeschichtliche Kriterien konkret einbeziehen und die einzelnen Gedichten des Fr??hexpressionismus und Expressionismus im Blick auf das Subjekt-objekt-Verh??ltnis und vor allem auf die Inhalt-Form-Struktur pr??ziser analysieren.

敎職科 學生의 Typology와 性格特徵

陳渭敎 慶北大學校 文理科大學 1974 文理學叢 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of the present study was to analyse and assess the typology and such pesonality characteristics as teacher attitude an personality adjustment of the student group preparing for teaching profession at liberal arts and science colleges. The subjects in this study consisted of a total of 361 (male 167, female 194) sampled from a provincial National University and a private college students. The instrument used in the study was a translated, revised and excerpted form of College Student Questionnaire (CSQ) developed by Peterson (1969), and this questionnaire was derived from the Clark-Trow model of student typology (each student's philosophy of higher education). Such student typology was calssified as Vocational. Academic, Collegiate and Nonconformist type or philosophy. The second instrument was a Korean version of the Minnesota Teacher Atittude Inventory (MATI), and the third the Korean version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The main findings of the present study were as follow; 1. The rank order of four student typologies among the subject group was Academic (35.3%)-Collegiate(34.5%)-Vocational (22.4%)-Nonconformist (7.8%). It was seen that the students preparing for teaching profession were relatively less vocationally oriented. 2. From the results of a diagnostic analysis of teacher atittude, the percentile standings of the respondent's atittude were 54.0% (25∼75% ile), 38.9%(0∼24% ile), and 7.1% (75∼100% ile). Therefore, the students who holding average atittudinal tendency were largest among the subjects. 3. The result of an assessment of personality adjustment by the MMPI has shown that the subject students preparing for teaching profession were altogether normal range, that is, they are relatively healthy in personality adjustment

분산 시스템을 위한 안정성을 가지는 사용자 계층의 고속 파일전송 시스템의 설계

박의준 ; 임영규 김천대학교 2002 김천대학교 논문집 Vol.23 No.-

Now a day, A distribute environment computing system are developed and Information transfer technologies are improved by researcher.

遼史 高麗外記 考檢

金渭顯 명지대학교 한국전통문화연구소 1984 전통문화연구 Vol.- No.2