Review : Progress in Nanocomposite of Biodegradable Polymer

( Ke Ke Yang ),( Xiu Li Wang ),( Yu Zhong Wang ) 한국공업화학회 2007 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.13 No.4

Evaluation of Renal Pathophysiological Processes Induced by an Iodinated Contrast Agent in a Diabetic Rabbit Model Using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion and Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Yongfang Wang,Xin Zhang,Bin Wang,Yang Xie,Yi Wang,Xuan Jiang,Rongjia Wang,Ke Ren 대한영상의학회 2019 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.20 No.5

Objective: To examine the potential of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging for detecting renal changes after iodinated contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) development in a diabetic rabbit model. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two rabbits were randomized into 2 groups: diabetic rabbits with the contrast agent (DCA) and healthy rabbits with the contrast agent (NCA). In each group, 6 rabbits underwent IVIM and BOLD imaging at 1 hour, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, and 4 days after an iohexol injection while 5 rabbits were selected to undergo blood and histological examinations at these specific time points. Iohexol was administrated at a dose of 2.5 g I/kg of body weight. Further, the apparent transverse relaxation rate (R2*), average pure molecular diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) were calculated. Results: The D and f values of the renal cortex (CO) and outer medulla (OM) were significantly decreased compared to baseline values in the 2 groups 1 day after the iohexol injection (p < 0.05). A marked reduction in the D* values for both the CO and OM was also observed after 1 hour in each group (p < 0.05). In the OM, a persistent elevation of the R2* was detected for 4 days in the DCA group (p < 0.05). Histopathological changes were prominent, and the pathological features of CI-AKI aggravated in the DCA group until day 4. The D, f, and R2* values significantly correlated with the histological damage scores, hypoxiainducible transcription factor-1α expression scores, and serum creatinine levels. Conclusion: A combination of IVIM and BOLD imaging may serve as a noninvasive method for detecting and monitoring CIAKI in the early stages in the diabetic kidney.

Depth Distributions of Bi+ Ions Implanted into Ni, Si and SiO₂, Films

Ke-Ming Wang,Feng Chen,Xue-Lin Wang,Jian-Hua Zhang,Xiang-Dong Liu 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2002 Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology Vol.6 No.1

Ni, Si and SiO₂ films were implanted by 350 keV Bi^+ ions at room temperature with fluences of 1×10^(16) and 2×10^(16) ions/㎤. The depth distributions of implanted Bi^+ ions in Ni, Si and SiO₂ films were by investigated by Rutherford backscattering. The results show that the depth distributions of implanted Bi^+ ions into Ni, Si and SiO₂ films have obeyed nearly Gaussian distributions. The maximum difference between experimental and calculated values is less than 18 % for mean projected range. Experimental range straggling deviated significantly from calculated value. The possible reasons are discussed.

Sequence analysis and expression profiles of TaABI5, a pre-harvest sprouting resistance gene in wheat

Ke Zhou,Jian Yang,Zao-Xia Wang,Ji-Rui Wang 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.2

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is the germination of grains in the spike under wet conditions before harvest, which causes a severe reduction in crop yield and flour quality. The phytohormone abscisic acid plays a key role in regulating seed dormancy, which inhibits pre-harvest spouting or vivipary for many important crops. TaABI5, belonging to a family of basic leucine zipper transcription factors could regulate a subset of late embryogenesis abundant genes during seed development, was isolated and characterized. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that TaABI5 homologous gene belonged to the ABI5 subgroup of the ABF/AREB/ABI5 subfamily. TaABI5 consist of four conserved domains and one bZip domain. The expression pattern of TaABI5 indicated that it was seed-specific and accumulated at late stages of seed development. Accumulation of TaABI5 in synthetic hexaploid wheat SHW-L1 (PHS resistance) was 8.93-fold higher than that in wheat cultivar Chuanmai 32 (PHS susceptible) at 25 days post anthesis. Four expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) of TaABI5 on chromosome 2DS, 4DS, 6DS, and 7DL were characterized from SHW-L1/Chuanmai 32 derived recombinant inbred line population.

Gate-tunable current partition in graphene-based topological zero lines

Wang, Ke,Ren, Yafei,Deng, Xinzhou,Yang, Shengyuan A.,Jung, Jeil,Qiao, Zhenhua American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review B Vol.95 No.24

<P>We demonstrate new mechanisms for gate-tunable current partition at topological zero-line intersections in a graphene-based current splitter. Based on numerical calculations of the nonequilibrium Green's functions and Landauer-Buttiker formula, we show that the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field on the order of a few Teslas allows for carrier sign dependent current routing. In the zero-field limit the control on current routing and partition can be achieved within a range of 10-90% of the total incoming current by tuning the carrier density at tilted intersections or by modifying the relative magnitude of the bulk band gaps via gate voltage. We discuss the implications of our findings in the design of topological zero-line networks where finite orbital magnetic moments are expected when the current partition is asymmetric.</P>

Molecular and functional characterization of the adiponectin (AdipoQ) gene in goat skeletal muscle satellite cells

Wang, Linjie,Xue, Ke,Wang, Yan,Niu, Lili,Li, Li,Zhong, Tao,Guo, Jiazhong,Feng, Jing,Song, Tianzeng,Zhang, Hongping Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.8

Objective: It is commonly accepted that adiponectin binds to its two receptors to regulate fatty acid metabolism in adipocytes. To better understand their functions in the regulation of intramuscular adipogenesis in goats, we cloned the three genes (adiponectin [AdipoQ], adiponectin receptor 1 [AdipoR1], and AdipoR2) encoding these proteins and detected their mRNA distribution in different tissues. We also determined the role of AdipoQ in the adipogenic differentiation of goat skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs). Methods: SMSCs were isolated using 1 mg/mL Pronase E from the longissimus dorsi muscles of 3-day-old female Nanjiang brown goats. Adipogenic differentiation was induced in satellite cells by transferring the cells to Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with an isobutylmethylxanthine, dexamethasone and insulin cocktail. The pEGFP-N1-AD plasmid was transfected into SMSCs using Lipofectamine 2000. Expression of adiponectin in tissues and SMSCs was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical staining. Results: The three genes were predominantly expressed in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. According to fluorescence and immunocytochemical analyses, adiponectin protein expression was only observed in the cytoplasm, suggesting that adiponectin is localized to the cytoplasm of goat SMSCs. In SMSCs overexpressing the AdipoQ gene, adiponectin promoted SMSC differentiation into adipocytes and significantly (p<0.05) up-regulated expression of AdipoR2, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty-acid synthase, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, though expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding $protein-{\alpha}$, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, and AdipoR1 did not change significantly. Conclusion: Adiponectin induced SMSC differentiation into adipocytes, indicating that adiponectin may promote intramuscular adipogenesis in goat SMSC.

Graphene transistor based on tunable Dirac fermion optics

Wang, Ke,Elahi, Mirza M.,Wang, Lei,Habib, K. M. Masum,Taniguchi, Takashi,Watanabe, Kenji,Hone, James,Ghosh, Avik W.,Lee, Gil-Ho,Kim, Philip National Academy of Sciences 2019 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.116 No.14

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>We report an electrically tunable graphene quantum switch based on Dirac fermion optics (DFO), with electrostatically defined analogies of mirror and collimators utilizing angle-dependent Klein tunneling. The device design allows a previously unreported quantitative characterization of the net DFO contribution and leads to improved device performance resilient to abrupt change in temperature, bias, doping, and electrostatic environment. The electrically tunable collimator and reflector demonstrated in this work, and the capability of accurate in situ characterization of their performance, provide the building blocks toward more complicated functional quantum device architecture such as highly integrated electron-optical circuits.</P><P>We present a quantum switch based on analogous Dirac fermion optics (DFO), in which the angle dependence of Klein tunneling is explicitly utilized to build tunable collimators and reflectors for the quantum wave function of Dirac fermions. We employ a dual-source design with a single flat reflector, which minimizes diffusive edge scattering and suppresses the background incoherent transmission. Our gate-tunable collimator–reflector device design enables the quantitative measurement of the net DFO contribution in the switching device operation. We obtain a full set of transmission coefficients between multiple leads of the device, separating the classical contribution from the coherent transport contribution. The DFO behavior demonstrated in this work requires no explicit energy gap. We demonstrate its robustness against thermal fluctuations up to 230 K and large bias current density up to 10<SUP>2</SUP> A/m, over a wide range of carrier densities. The characterizable and tunable optical components (collimator–reflector) coupled with the conjugated source electrodes developed in this work provide essential building blocks toward more advanced DFO circuits such as quantum interferometers. The capability of building optical circuit analogies at a microscopic scale with highly tunable electron wavelength paves a path toward highly integrated and electrically tunable electron-optical components and circuits.</P>

Zero-Current Phenomena Analysis of the Single IGBT Open Circuit Faults in Two-Level and Three-Level SVGs

Wang, Ke,Zhao, Hong-Lu,Tang, Yi,Zhang, Xiao,Zhang, Chuan-Jin The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.2

The fact that the reliability of IGBTs has become a more and more significant aspect of power converters has resulted in an increase in the research on the open circuit (OC) fault location of IGBTs. When an OC fault occurs, a zero-current phenomena exists and frequently appears, which can be found in a lot of the existing literature. In fact, fault variables have a very high correlation with the zero-current interval. In some cases, zero-current interval actually decides the most significant fault feature. However, very few of the previous studies really explain or prove the zero-current phenomena of the fault current. In this paper, the zero-current phenomena is explained and verified through mathematical derivation, based on two-level and three-level NPC static var generators (SVGs). Mathematical models of single OC fault are deduced and it is concluded that a zero-current interval with a certain length follows the OC faults for both two-level and NPC three-level SVGs. Both inductive and capacitive reactive power situations are considered. The unbalanced load situation is discussed. In addition, simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

Biochar-supported nZVI (nZVI/BC) for contaminant removal from soil and water: A critical review

Wang, Shengsen,Zhao, Mingyue,Zhou, Min,Li, Yuncong C.,Wang, Jun,Gao, Bin,Sato, Shinjiro,Feng, Ke,Yin, Weiqin,Igalavithana, Avanthi Deshani,Oleszczuk, Patryk,Wang, Xiaozhi,Ok, Yong Sik Elsevier 2019 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.373 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The promising characteristics of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) have not been fully exploited owing to intrinsic limitations. Carbon-enriched biochar (BC) has been widely used to overcome the limitations of nZVI and improve its reaction with environmental pollutants. This work reviews the preparation of nZVI/BC nanocomposites; the effects of BC as a supporting matrix on the nZVI crystallite size, dispersion, and oxidation and electron transfer capacity; and its interaction mechanisms with contaminants. The literature review suggests that the properties and preparation conditions of BC (e.g., pore structure, functional groups, feedstock composition, and pyrogenic temperature) play important roles in the manipulation of nZVI properties. This review discusses the interactions of nZVI/BC composites with heavy metals, nitrates, and organic compounds in soil and water. Overall, BC contributes to the removal of contaminants because it can attenuate contaminants on the surface of nZVI/BC; it also enhances electron transfer from nZVI to target contaminants owing to its good electrical conductivity and improves the crystallite size and dispersion of nZVI. This review is intended to provide insights into methods of optimizing nZVI/BC synthesis and maximizing the efficiency of nZVI in environmental cleanup.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Aggregation and passivation of nZVI can be alleviated by surfactants and doping methods. </LI> <LI> BC hinders corrosion and improves the dispersion and electron transfer of nZVI. </LI> <LI> Properties of nZVI depend on those of the BC, feedstock and pyrogenic temperature. </LI> <LI> BC enhances electron transfer from nZVI to the contaminants due to the presence of quinone and graphene moieties. </LI> <LI> nZVI/BC shows strong ability to remove HMs, nitrates, and organic contaminants in soil and water. </LI> </UL> </P>

Socio-economic Factors Influencing Tumor Presentation and Treatment Options in Chinese Breast Cancer Patients

Wang, Ke,Li, Xiao,Zhou, Can,Ren, Yu,Wang, Xian-Bing,He, Jian-Jun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.1

The impact of income and education level on the clinical and pathologic characteristics, implementation of clinical breast examination (CBE), and treatment patterns of a small population of Chinese female breast cancer patients was studeied in order to provide a theoretical basis and statistical reference for further nationwide research. We included 484 pathologically confirmed female primary breast cancer inpatients of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University from February 2003 to January 2004. All cases were reviewed and relevant information was collected using a designed case report form (CRF). Chisquare tests, rank-sum tests, and Fisher's exact tests were used in the analysis. Our analysis showed that: (1) women in different occupation groups had significant differences in tumor size, pre-operative mammography, surgical options, post-operative estrogen receptor (ER), progestin receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) status, and post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy (P < 0.05); and (2) women with different education levels had statistically significant differences in tumor size, post-operative ER, PR and Her2 status, and post-operative chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy (P < 0.05). In Xi'an, China, women in low-income occupations or with low education levels are more likely to have advanced tumor stages at presentation, lower implementation rate of clinical breast examination, and less treatment.