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Comprehending Text: Achieving Coherence through a Connectionist Architecture
( Samuel W. K. Chan ) 한국언어정보학회 1995 국제 워크샵 Vol.1995 No.-
Comprehension is determined by the content of memory. The verbalized concepts reflect the information that is in the focus of attention. Mental models of text must be formed in order to achieve coherence in language understanding. Constructing a mental model requires continual interaction between the text and the reader``s linguistic, pragmatic, and world knowledge. In this article, a connectionist framework is proposed for the formation of mental models that occurs during comprehension. A unification and spreading activation model are used to simulate the processes. The system is tested using children``s stories. Results attest the validity of the model. Thus, our design contributes to the formation of a durable and functional mental representation of the text information.
Gender Role Stereotyping in Hong Kong's Primary School Chinese Language Subject Textbooks
W.K.LAW, Kenneth,H.N.CHAN, Annie Ewha Womans University Press 2004 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.10 No.1
This paper reports on a content analysis of Chinese Language textbooks used in primary schools in Hong Kong, published during the period 1995 to 2000. We examine the extent of gender stereotyping evident from the pictures in these textbooks, in terms of the proportion of male and female characters represented; the settings in which they appear, their portrayal in domestic or non-domestic roles, and the kinds of occupational roles male and female characters were portrayed in. A total of 5,180 pictures in our sample of 108 textbooks have been analyzed and our findings indicate that gender stereotyping in these four areas is still common. However, when compared with the findings of previous studies, we found that the extent of gender stereotyping has reduced to some extent.
( Ada W. Y. Tse ),( Larry H. Lai ),( C. C. Lee ),( Kelvin K. F. Tsoi ),( Vincent W. S. Wong ),( Yawen Chan ),( Joseph J. Y. Sung ),( Francis K. L. Chan ),( Justin C. Y. Wu ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2010 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.16 No.1
Introduction: Psychiatric comorbidity is common in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) but a good screening tool for psychiatric disorders in gastrointestinal clinical practice is Lacking. Aims: 1) Evaluate the performance and optimal cut-off of 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) as a screening tool for psychiatric disorders in FD patients; 2) Compare health-related quality of Life (HRQoL) in FD patients with and without psychiatric comorbidities. Methods: Consecutive patients fulfilling Rome III criteria for FD without medical co-morbidities and gastroesophageal reflux disease were recruited in a gastroenterology clinic. The followings were conducted at 4 weeks after index oesophagogastroduodenoscopy: self-administrated questionnaires on socio-demographics, dyspeptic symptom severity (4-point Likert scale), GHQ-12, and 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). Psychiatric disorders were diagnosed with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID) by a trained psychiatrist, which served as reference standard. Results: 55 patients underwent psychiatrist-conducted interview and questionnaire assessment. 27 (49.1%) had current psychiatric disorders as determined by SCID (anxiety disorders: 38.2%, depressive disorders: 16.4%). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of GHQ-12 revealed an area under curve of 0.825 (95%CI: 0.698-0.914). Cut-off of GHQ-12 at 3 gave a sensitivity of 63.0% (95%CI = 42.4-80.6%) and specificity of 92.9% (95%CI = 76.5%-98.9%). Subjects with co-existing psychiatric disorders scored significantly Lower in multiple domains of SF-36 (mental component summary, general health, vitality and mental health). By multivariate Linear regression analysis, current psychiatric morbidities (Beta = -0.396, p = 0.002) and family history of psychiatric illness (Beta = -0.299, p = 0.015) were independent risk factors for poorer mental component summary in SF-36, while dyspepsia severity was the only independent risk factor for poorer physical component summary (Beta = -0.332, p = 0.027). Conclusions: Concomitant psychiatric disorders adversely affect HRQoL in FD patients. The use of GHQ-12 as a reliable screening tool for psychiatric disorders allows early intervention and may improve clinical outcomes of these patients.(J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010;16:52-60)
파력발전장치의 WECAN Level 1 통합성능해석 프로그램 개발
하윤진(Y.J Ha),박지용(J.Y Park),김경환(K.H Kim),박세완(S.W Park),김길원(K.W Kim),김정석(J.S Kim),이정희(J.H Lee),오재원(J.W Oh),노찬(R. Chan),최장영(J.Y Choi),장강현(G.H Jang),천호정(H.J Cheon),김재환(J.H Kim) 한국신재생에너지학회 2021 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.7
본 연구에서는 진동수주형과 가동물체형 파력발전장치에 대하여 통합성능해석을 위한 WECAN Level 1 프로그램 개발하였다. 본 프로그램은 파력발전장치 설계 시 그 설계된 파력발전장치의 연간발전량을 해석할 수 있는 프로그램이며, 각 에너지변환단계를 통합하여 해석할 수 있고 연간발전량을 수십초 내에 해석할 수 있는 프로그램이다. 본 프로그램과 유사한 프로그램으로는 NREL에서 개발한 WEC-Sim, DNV-GL에서 개발한 WaveDyn이라는 프로그램이 있으며, 이 중 WEC-Sim은 매트랩 코드 기반으로 공개되어 있고 범용적인 활용이 가능하도록 구성되어 있다. 다만 본 프로그램의 경우에는 2차 및 3차 에너지변환 단계에서 단순히 효율만을 고려하고 있으며 1차 에너지변환 단계의 경우 진동 수주형 파력발전장치를 제외한 가동물체형 파력발전장치만을 해석할 수 있도록 구성되어 있다. 따라서 WECAN Level 1 프로그램은 이러한 한계를 극복하고자 개발되었으며, 상대적으로 다양한 파력발전장치 종류를 해석할 수 있도록 확장하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 파력발전장치 통합성능해석 프로그램과 비교하여 자단점을 분석하고 향후 개발방향을 소개하고자 하며, 이를 통하여 국내 파력발전장치의 성능평가 및 설계기술을 고도화하고 파력발전장치의 상용화를 선도하고자 한다.
( Y. Y. Wang ),( Z. B. Fu ),( K. L. Ng ),( C. C. Lam ),( A. K. N. Chan ),( K. F. Sze ),( W. K. R. Wong ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.6
Production of recombinant proteins by excretory expression has many advantages over intracellular expression in Escherichia coli. Hyperexpression of a secretory exoglucanase, Exg, of Cellulomonas fimi was previously shown to saturate the SecYEG pathway and result in dramatic cell death of E. coli. In this study, we demonstrated that overexpression of the PspA in the JM101(pM1VegGcexL-pspA) strain enhanced excretion of Exg to 1.65 U/ml using shake-flask cultivation, which was 80% higher than the highest yield previously obtained from the optimized JM101(pM1VegGcexL) strain. A much higher excreted Exg activity of 4.5 U/ml was further achieved with high cell density cultivation using rich media. Furthermore, we showed that the PspA overexpression strain enjoyed an elevated critical value (CV), which was defined as the largest quotient between the intracellular unprocessed precursor and its secreted mature counterpart that was still tolerable by the host cells prior to the onset of cell death, improving from the previously determined CV of 20/80 to the currently achieved CV of 45/55 for Exg. The results suggested that the PspA overexpression strain might tolerate a higher level of precursor Exg making use of the SecYEG pathway for secretion. The reduced lethal effect might be attributable to the overexpressed PspA, which was postulated to be able to reduce membrane depolarization and damage. Our findings introduce a novel strategy of the combined application of metabolic engineering and construct optimization to the attainment of the best possible E. coli producers for secretory/excretory production of recombinant proteins, using Exg as the model protein.