MANNOPROTEIN 과 GLUCAN 의 첨가가 쥐의 성장과 NATURAL KILLER CELL ACTIVITY 에 미치는 영향

손광수,조광근,최윤재,윤연화,김재영,한영근,문태현,김성찬 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 효모 세포벽, 또는 효모의 세포벽으로부터 본 연구에서 확립한 방법으로 분리한 mannoprotein(MP)과 glucan(Glu)을 동물에 급여하므로써 동물의 일당중체량, 일당사료섭취량과 사료:중체량의 비율, 그리고 동물이 가지고 있는 면역기능의 활성화정도를 조사하는데 있다. 산업적 측면에서 대량 추출하기 위하여 기존에 있는 방법을 개선하여 변형된 방법으로 효모세포벽제제를 분리하였다. 본 연구에서 분리된 효모세포벽제제(cell wall, mannoprotein glucan)와 시판중인 효모세포벽제제(Bio-Mos^(TM))를 0.1%로 4주령 횐쥐에 4주간 급여하였다. 일당중체량은 개선된 방법으로 분리한 glucan을 급여한 처리구에서 가장 높은 중체량을 나타냈으며, 다음으로 mannoprotein 급여구가 높았으며 cell wall과 시제품(Bio-Mos^(TM)) 급여구에서 낮은 중체량을 보였다. 일당사료섭취량에 있어서 glucan 급여구가 cell wall과 시제품 급여구들과 비교할 때 높았으며 사료:중체량 비율 또한 glucan 급여구에서 가장 좋은 경향을 보였다. 사양 4주깨 횐쥐로부터 spleen을 채취하여 YACl 세포에 대한 natural killer cell의 cytotoxicity를 분석한 결과 본 실험실에서 분리한 mannoprotein과 glucan이 면역 증진효과가 큰것으로 보였다. Mannoprotein 급여구와 glucan 급여구에서 대조구와 cell wall 급여구보다 면역 효과가 뚜렷하게 나타났으며(MP, P<0.01; Glu, P<0.05), mannoprotein 급여구가 glucan 급여구보다 natural killer cell의 활성도가 높았다(P<0.01). 결론적으로 효모세포벽, mannoprotein과 glucan을 횐쥐에 급여했을 때 성장능력에 있어서 유의성 있는 효과가 나타나지 않았지만 세포배양수준에서 spleen natural killer cell의 activity를 증가시키는 효과가 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the average daily gam, average daily feed intake, feed gain ratio and immune system activation of rats when feeding yeast cell wall, mannoprotein (MP) and glucan (Glu) which were isolated from yeast cell wall. In order to isolate the yeast cell wall products in large scale, we used the improved isolation method basing on the typical one. In this study, yeast cell wall products (cell wall, mannoprotein, glucan) and commercial product (Bio-Mos^(TM)) were fed to 4-week old rats by 0.l% during 4 weeks experimental period. Glucan(extracted from improved method) provided the highest average daily gain. Mannoprotein treated group showed the second highest average daily gain. Cell wall and Bia-Mos^(TM) fed groups showed lower average daily gain. Treatment fed glucan also showed higher average daily feed intake than that of cell wall and commercial Bio-Mos^(TM) groups. And in feed: gain ratio, glucan fed rats showed the respectively good results. At the 4th week of feeding trial, rats' spleens were obtained from all the treatments to evaluate the cytotoxicity of natural killer cell against YACl tumor cell. The results indicated that mannoprotein and glucan had the significant effects on activating immune system. Rats of mannoprotein and glucan treated groups showed the higher immune activity than that of cell wall and control groups (MP, P<0.01; Glu, P<0.05), and natural killer cell activity of mannoprotein fed rats was higher than that of glucan fed rats (P<0.01). In conclusion, although the addition of yeast cell wall, mannoprotein and glucan to the diet of rats did not provide the significant effects on growth performance, it was clear that the mannoprotein and glucan isolated in this study could stimulate the activity of spleen natural killer cell in the cell culture.

조사료의 종류가 홀스타인 송아지 유선의 발달 , 반추위 돌기 및 성장률에 미치는 영향

조광근,최윤재,박영우,윤연화,한영근,윤상기,권웅기 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.6

본 연구는 홀스타인 송아지에 대한 세 종류의 조사료가 유선조직, 반추위 유두, 번식성적 및 성장률에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 출생 후 4일된 송아지(42.9±0.9㎏) 24두를 무작위로 선발하여 출생 후 4∼44일까지 전유를 급여하다가 45일에 그룹 1은 볏짚, 그룹 2는 오차드 그래스, 그룹 3은 알괄파를 급여하였다. 또한 유선조직과 반추위의 발달을 측정하기 위하여 3, 9, 18개월령에 도달하였을 때 각 처리구의 송아지를 1마리씩 도살하였다. 알팔파를 급여한 그룹 3은 다른 처리구에 비하여 중체율이 높았으며, 그룹 2는 영양소 이용률과 번식성적이 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 반추위의 무게는 3개월령 도달시에는 그룹 3이 가장 무거웠으나, 9개월과 18개월령 도달시에는 그룹 2에서 가장 무거운 것으로 나타났다. 반추위의 유두 수는 유두의 성장과 함께 일반적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내어 유두의 길이와 유두 수와는 서로 상대적인 관계를 나타내었다. 유선의 기능적 활성을 나타내는 RNA/DNA 함량은 3개월 시에는 그룹 3이 가장 낮은 경향을 보였으나 9, 18개월 시에는 반대로 가장 높은 경향으로 나타났으며, 유선세포의 크기를 나타내는 protein/DNA 함량은 18개월 시에 그룹 2가 가장 높은 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 볏짚은 반추위의 초기 발달을 촉진하고 알팔파와 오차드그래스는 성장과 번식성적을 증가시키며 또한 초기에 유선의 발달을 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. Twenty-four Holstein calves were used to evaluate the effects of three different forages on growth and reproductive performances, and ruminal papillary and mammary developments. Four-day-old Holstein calves weighing 42.9±0.9 ㎏ were randomly assigned to three forage groups of rice straw (group 1), orchard grass hay (group 2), and alfalfa (group 3). All calves received whole milk from day 4 through day 44. At 45 days of age, the animals were assigned at random to one of the three dietary treatments. When calves reached the ages of 3, 9, and 18 months, one calf in each group was sacrifced for evaluation of ruminal and mammary tissue developments. Calves of group 3 gained more body weight than those of other groups, while group 2 showed an effective nutrient utilization and reproduction performance. At 3 months, the stomach weight of group 3 was the highest, however, group 2 provided the highest stomach weight at 9 and 18 months. A remarkable reduction in papillae number was observed in the rumens of all 3- to 9-month-old heifers. A decrease in number of these papillae was observed in all groups exhibiting papillary growth. There was a reciprocal relationship between the number and the length of ruminal papillae. Among the 3-month-old calves, the functional activity (RNAI DNA contents) of the mammary glands of group 3 was lower than those of other groups, whereas the trend was opposite for 9- and 18-month-old heifers. The size of mammary cell (protein / DNA contents) was the greatest for group 2 at 18 months of age. The results suggest that rice straw stimulated earlier development of rumen. Alfalfa and orchard grass improved the growth, reproduction performance, and earlier development of mammary glands.

효모 세포벽으로부터 MANNOPROTEIN 과 β-GLUCAN 의 분리

조광근,최윤재,윤연화,문태현,김성찬,복진덕 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.6

본 연구는 효모 세포벽으로부터 manoprotein과 β-glucan을 분리하는 방법을 확립하기 위하여 실시하였다. 효모로부터 분리된 manoprotein과 β-glucan은 동물의 면역기능을 강화시키는 기능성 가축용 면역증강제로 개발하기 위한 목적을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 알칼리 추출 원리에 근거한 Catley의 방법 (Yeast, a practical approach, 1988, edited by Campbell and Duffus, IRL Press)을 변형하여 사용하였으며, 효모의 처리는 파쇄한 것과 파쇄하지 않은 것을 이용하여 manoprotein, β-glucan 및 protein 함량과 순도를 조사하였다. 세포건물로부터 추출된 세포벽 함량은 파쇄한 세포와 파쇄하지 않은 세포에서 각각 15.4%와 28.8%로 나타났으며, mannan의 함량은 파쇄하지 않을 경우 단백질을 제외한 mannan의 함량이 28.5%, 파쇄할 경우 52%로 나타나 mannoprotein은 파쇄된 효모에서 높은 추출율을 보였다. 효모세포벽으로 부터 추출된 mannan 순도에 있어서 파쇄된 효모와 파쇄되지 않은 효모에서 각각 97.6%와 77.6%로 나타나 파쇄할 경우 mannan의 추출 순도를 높이는 효과를 보였다. 그러나 glucan 추출율에 있어서는 파쇄할 경우와 파쇄하지 않은 경우 7.2%와 18.2%로 나타나 파쇄하지 않을 경우 추출율이 높게 나타난 경향을 보였으며, glucan의 순도는 70.8%와 71.7%로 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 확립한 방법은 알칼리 용해성 glucan을 제외하였으므로 실제로 분리할 수 있는 glucan의 함량은 더 높을 것으로 생각된다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 확립한 방법은 효모 세포벽으로부터 mannoprotein을 분리할 수 있는 효과적인 방법이라고 생각된다. In this study the extraction method of both mannoprotein and β-glucan was established from yeast cell wall fractions. From this method, both mannoprotein and β -glucan was used as an immune potentiator for domestic animals by activating the overall immune activity. Both mannoprotein and β-glucan were extracted from yeast cell wall fractions or total cell using basically Catley's method (Yeast, a practical approach, 1988, edited by Campbell and Duffus, IRL Press) with minor modification and simplification to be fit into an industrial application. With our modified extraction method. the extractable cell wall contents from mechanically broken cells and unbroken cells were 15.4% and 28.8%, respectively. Mannan contents of cell wall fractions from unbroken and broken cells were 28.5% and 52%, respectively, showing much higher extraction efficiency when the yeast cells were mechanically broken. Mannan contents extracted from cell wall fractions from unbroken and broken cells were 77.4% and 97.6%, respectively. For a higher purity of mannan, thus, it is necessary to break up the yeast cells. On the other hand, the extraction of glucan moiety was obtained 18.2% and 7.2% extraction rates from the cell wall preparation of unbroken and broken yeast cells, respectively, with similar sample purity in both samples (71.7%, 70.8%). In this study, alkali-extractable glucan was not included in the extraction process for the sake of simplicity necessary for the industrial application. However if this step is included in our modified protocol, the glucan yield will be significantly increased. In conclusion, the mannoprotein extraction method from yeast cell wall established in this study may be very effective and applicable in the industrial scale.

음양균형의학으로서의 턱관절균형의학 개요

인창식(Chang Shik Yin) 대한미병의학회 2024 대한미병의학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Objectives Temporomandibular Joint Balancing Medicine (TBM) is a relatively new approach to the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) perceived as a key to the whole-body balance. This study aimed to briefly review concepts, history, and research reports on TBM with a focus on the yin-yang balance concept. Methods A narrative review was performed regarding TBM referring to published literature. Results TBM encompassed a variety of innovative clinical techniques for evaluation and improvement of the balance of the TMJ, nervous system, and meridian system featuring the integration between TMJ and body. Its target ranged from diseases to subclinical functional imbalances. TBM harnessed the postural balance of TMJ as a central tool to manipulate postural proprioception and thereby stimulate the innate healing mechanism of the whole body. Conclusions TBM was based on the concept of yin-yang balance and provided an integrated approach to disease treatment as well as to the improvement of subclinical health conditions.

음양오행과 그리스 로마 신화를 접목한 치료적 움직임(기무) 프로그램 개발 연구

봉정민 ( Jung Min Bong ),김예지 ( Yea Ji Kim ),인창식 ( Chang Shik Yin ) 대한무용학회 2024 대한무용학회논문집 Vol.82 No.1

This study developed the movement of oriental medicine. It also found similar feature points of contact by combining Western Olympus gods and the five lines of yin and yang. These characteristics make it useful and interesting for the West, the East, and all classes. QMu, developed by combining Yin and Yang Five Elements with Greek and Roman mythology, has three characteristics. It is the breathing method that accompanies contraction and relaxation of the first muscle. Second, we use the principle of yin and yang. The movement of yin and yang reflects the characteristics of Apollo, the sun's god, and Artemis, the moon's god, which is a symbol of yin. The third uses the principle of five lines. The movements of the Five Elements help participants regain balance between their bodies and minds by experiencing the characteristics and emotional expressions of each god in Wood (Thursday), Fire (Tue), Gold (Metal), and Water (Water). The program was developed in the hope of experiencing harmony between the body and mind, while also making the body feel a deep bond as a part of nature, promoting emotional and psychological changes, and promoting health and well-being.

음양균형의학으로서의 응용근신경학(AK) 개요

인창식,Yin, Chang Shik 턱관절균형의학회 2017 턱관절균형의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Applied Kinesiology (AK) is an evaluation system on the functional balance and integration of the body. Functional aspects of the triad of health are evaluated through muscle testing to see if the balance and integration is in an optimal status or is influenced by a given environmental stimulation. Triad of health refers to the structural, chemical, and psychological aspects of the body. Muscle testing in AK is a functional neurological assessment of muscular response to a given environmental stimulation in a given individual. Meridian system and stomatognathic system as in TMJ balancing medicine serve as one of the theoretical basis of AK. This article reviews core concepts of AK, discusses yin-yang balance medicine perspectives and clinical applications of it.

음양균형의학으로서의 기능신경학(FN) 개요

인창식,Yin, Chang Shik 턱관절균형의학회 2017 턱관절균형의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Functional neurology is a function-oriented clinical neurology with a focus on the viability, functionality, and balance of the neurologic system, which may be considered as a form of yin-yang balance medicine like Korean medicine. While it incorporates knowledge systems such as developmental neurology, neuropsychology, comparative neuroanatomy, and others, it views the neurologic system and the body as an individually different, self-regulating mechanism with the help of the active balancing mechanism within the nervous system and between the individual and the environment, which view is at the core of its effort to improve and serve the human dignity based on the best possible functioning nervous system. This article reviews core concepts of the functional neurology, discusses yin-yang balance medicine perspectives and clinical applications of it.

음양균형의학으로서의 자세이완기법(PRT) 개요

인창식,Yin, Chang Shik 턱관절균형의학회 2018 턱관절균형의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Positional Release Techniques (PRTs) are an umbrella term for manual therapies harnessing spontaneous musculoskeletal balancing mechanism of the body facilitated by finding and maintaining therapeutic position. PRT has its origin in the Strain Counterstrain (SCS) technique by Dr. Jones but encompasses diverse related techniques that stemmed off from the SCS. PRT emphasizes postural balance within the body and innate healing potential of the body including the postural balance of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This study briefly reviews concepts, history, and contemporary study reports on PRT with a focus on the yin-yang balance based approach of PRT.

李因笃诗学术评

蔣寅(Jiang Yin) 대한중국학회 2002 중국학 Vol.18 No.-

  "The study about the school of Guan-Zhong" has been paid much attention in the field of the history of thought, but not in the filed of literature study. Li Yin-du, who lived in the region of Guan-Zhong, was a famous poet and an expert in Poetics in the early-Qing Dynasty. His works on Poetics, which based on the position of Ge-Diao Genre?, was in response to the poetry in Song-style in the reign of Emperor Kang Xi, and initiated a study in Han Poetry. His study on poet"s rhyme was particular in that time and had effect on Gu Yan-wu who happened to live in Guan-Zhong. Especially, his rhyme study on Tang Poetry and Du Fu"s poets illuminated the expert in Poetics in his time and after.

Detection of Dopamine and its Byproducts in Parkinsonian Patients on LDOPA Therapy and Evaluation of Possible Effects on the Treatment

Yin,Yu Mi Kim,Sul Hee Han,Min Hee Kang,Myung Koo Lee 한국임상약학회 2002 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.1