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Double-layered hand-sewn anastomosis: a valuable resource for the colorectal surgeon
Varela, Cristopher,Nassr, Manar,Razak, Azharuddin,김남규 대한대장항문학회 2022 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.38 No.3
Hand-sewn anastomosis is an essential and fundamental skill for surgeons dealing with any gastrointestinal anastomosis. Despite the advances in minimally invasive surgery and stapling devices, there are still complex surgical circumstances when the surgeon’s surgical know-how are necessary. Therefore, a safe hand-sewn technique for bowel anastomosis is required to establish a tension-free, well-perfused, and sealed anastomosis that allows gastrointestinal continuity with no unexpected complications. We describe a step-by-step procedure for hand-sewn double-layered anastomosis that reflects these principles and is practical for small and large bowel anastomosis.
Monitoring Cathodic Shielding and Corrosion under Disbonded Coatings
Varela, F.,Tan, M. YJ,Hinton, B.,Forsyth, M. The Corrosion Science Society of Korea 2017 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.16 No.2
Monitoring of corrosion is in most cases based on simulation of environmental conditions on a large and complex structure such as a buried pipeline using a small probe, and the measurement of thermodynamics and kinetics of corrosion processes occurring on the probe surface. This paper presents a hybrid corrosion monitoring probe designed for simulating deteriorating conditions wrought by disbonded coatings and for measuring current densities and distribution of such densities on a simulated pipeline surface. The concept of the probe was experimentally evaluated using immersion tests under cathodic protection (CP) in high resistivity aqueous solution. Underneath the disbonded area, anodic currents and cathodic currents were carefully measured. Anodic current densities were used to calculate metal loss according to Faraday's law. Calculated corrosion patterns were compared with corrosion damage observed at the surface of the probe after a series of stringent tests. The capability of the probe to measure anodic current densities under CP, without requiring interruption, was demonstrated in high resistivity aqueous solution. The pattern of calculated metal loss correlated well with corrosion products distribution observed at the array surface. Working principles of the probe are explained in terms of electrochemistry.
Cristopher Varela,Manar Nassr,김남규 연세대학교의과대학 2022 Yonsei medical journal Vol.63 No.5
Controversial surgical anatomical landmarks in the deep pelvis can be visualized and identified using current technologies. Performingthe gate approach technique during deep lateral dissection for total mesorectal excision facilitates visualization of the pelvicneurovascular structures following simple dissection steps to preserve the pelvic autonomic nerves and avoid accidental vascularinjuries. Here, we discuss laparoscopic exposure of an infrequent disposition of the middle rectal artery anterior to the lateralligament of the rectum while performing the gate approach.
Surgical Treatment of Low-Lying Rectal Cancer: Updates
Cristopher Varela,김남규 대한대장항문학회 2021 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.37 No.6
Despite innovative advancements, distally located rectal cancer remains a critical disease of challenging management. The crucial location of the tumor predisposes it to a circumferential resection margin (CRM) that tends to involve the anal sphincter complex and surrounding organs, with a high incidence of delayed anastomotic complications and the risk of the pelvic sidewall or rarely inguinal lymph node metastases. In this regard, colorectal surgeons should be aware of other issues beyond total mesorectal excision (TME) performance. For decades, the concept of extralevator abdominoperineal resection to avoid compromised CRM has been introduced. However, the complexity of deep pelvic dissection with poor visualization in low-lying rectal cancer has led to transanal TME. In contrast, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) has allowed for the execution of more sphincter-saving procedures without oncologic compromise. Significant tumor regression after NCRT and complete pathologic response also permit applying the watch-and-wait protocol in some cases, now with more solid evidence. This review article will introduce the current surgical treatment options, their indication and technical details, and recent oncologic and functional outcomes. Lastly, the novel characteristics of distal rectal cancer, such as pelvic sidewall and inguinal lymph node metastases, will be discussed along with its tailored and individualized treatment approach.
Monitoring Cathodic Shielding and Corrosion under Disbonded Coatings
( F. Varela ),( M. Yj Tan ),( B. Hinton ),( M. Forsyth ) 한국부식방식학회 2017 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.16 No.3
Monitoring of corrosion is in most cases based on simulation of environmental conditions on a large and complex structure such as a buried pipeline using a small probe, and the measurement of thermodynamics and kinetics of corrosion processes occurring on the probe surface. This paper presents a hybrid corrosion monitoring probe designed for simulating deteriorating conditions wrought by disbonded coatings and for measuring current densities and distribution of such densities on a simulated pipeline surface. The concept of the probe was experimentally evaluated using immersion tests under cathodic protection (CP) in high resistivity aqueous solution. Underneath the disbonded area, anodic currents and cathodic currents were carefully measured. Anodic current densities were used to calculate metal loss according to Faraday`s law. Calculated corrosion patterns were compared with corrosion damage observed at the surface of the probe after a series of stringent tests. The capability of the probe to measure anodic current densities under CP, without requiring interruption, was demonstrated in high resistivity aqueous solution. The pattern of calculated metal loss correlated well with corrosion products distribution observed at the array surface. Working principles of the probe are explained in terms of electrochemistry.
Numerical and experimental modelization of the two-phase mixing in a small scale stirred vessel
Sylvana Varela,Manuel Martínez,Jorge A. Delgado,Cyril Godard,Daniel Curulla-Ferré,Jordi Pallares,Anton Vernet 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.60 No.-
The numerical prediction of mass transfer rates of gas components within the liquid phase in a stirred two-phase flow reactor is presented. Experiments have been conducted to determine the flow regime and the number and sizes of the bubbles formed under different conditions. The dynamic field of the two-phase flow was obtained through numerical simulations. Bubbles with the experimentally measured diameter were released from the free surface and tracked numerically to compute the particle Reynolds number, which is used to determine the mass transfer rates. The unbaffled reactor provides mass transfer rates 30% larger than the baffled reactor for the bubbly flow. Mass transfer rates drop about 65% when the emulsion is formed. Therefore, above the critical rotation rate at which the emulsion forms for the unbaffled reactor, the baffled configuration provides larger mass transfer rates. The results indicate that even for the most unfavorable case mass transfer is not the limiting step, as 90% of the equilibrium concentration is reached in 10 s.
Sergio Bárcena-Varela,Guillermo Martínez-de-Tejada,Lukas Martin,Tobias Schuerholz,Ana Gloria Gil-Royo,Satoshi Fukuoka,Torsten Goldmann,Daniel Droemann,Wilmar Correa,Thomas Gutsmann,Klaus Brandenburg,L 생화학분자생물학회 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.-
Sepsis, which is induced by severe bacterial infections, is a major cause of death worldwide, and therapies combating the disease are urgently needed. Because many drugs have failed in clinical trials despite their efficacy in mouse models, the development of reliable animal models of sepsis is in great demand. Several studies have suggested that rabbits reflect sepsisrelated symptoms more accurately than mice. In this study, we evaluated a rabbit model of acute sepsis caused by the intravenous inoculation of Salmonella enterica. The model reproduces numerous symptoms characteristic of human sepsis including hyperlactatemia, hyperglycemia, leukopenia, hypothermia and the hyperproduction of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hence, it was chosen to investigate the proposed ability of Pep19-2.5—an anti-endotoxic peptide with high affinity to lipopolysaccharide and lipoprotein—to attenuate sepsis-associated pathologies in combination with an antibiotic (ceftriaxone). We demonstrate that a combination of Pep19-2.5 and ceftriaxone administered intravenously to the rabbits (1) kills bacteria and eliminates bacteremia 30 min post challenge; (2) inhibits Toll-like receptor 4 agonists in serum 90 min post challenge; (3) reduces serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α); and (4) reverts to hypothermia and gives rise to temperature values indistinguishable from basal levels 330 min post challenge. The two components of the combination displayed synergism in some of these activities, and Pep19-2.5 notably counteracted the endotoxin-inducing potential of ceftriaxone. Thus, the combination therapy of Pep19-2.5 and ceftriaxone holds promise as a candidate for human sepsis therapy.