이상 시의 비유적 특성과 탈식민적 저항의 가능성

엄성원 ( Um Sung-won ) 국제어문학회 2006 국제어문 Vol.36 No.-

본 연구는 이상 시의 비유적 특성에 관한 구조적 분석을 통해 전통이 붕괴되고 근대화로 위장된 식민 정책이 강화되는 현실에서 시적 주체가 이 상황에 대해 어떻게 미적으로 대응하고 있는지 주체 구성의 문제를 중심으로 고찰하고자 한다. 이상의 문학은 전통 담론과 식민 담론의 유기론적 사고 방식이나 제유적 세계관을 모두 정면으로 부정하고 있다는 점에서 그 문학사적 의의를 찾을 수 있다. 이상은 전통으로 복귀하는 것에 대해서도 강력한 거부감을 나타냈지만, 타율에 의한 왜곡된 근대화가 강제로 진행됨에 따라 주체와 타자 사이의 현격한 분리 현상이 발생하였고 나아가 주체 내부의 분열상까지도 나타나게 되었다는 사실을 간파하고 있었다. 그리하여 유기론 사상이나 제유적 시학의 허구성을 폭로하기 위해 그가 선택한 비유적 전략은 `차이성이 강조된 은유`나 `물질성이 강조된 환유`를 텍스트 내에 대거 생경하게 배치하여 미적으로 저항하는 것이었다. 이를 통해 이상은 차이성을 배제한 채강력한 구심력을 바탕으로 전체와 부분을 전체적이고 통합적으로 장악하려는 제국주의 담론이나 민족주의 담론 모두의 해체를 시도하였다는 점에서 탈식민주의적 저항의 가능성을 보였다고 할 수 있다. This study intends to consider the trpological characteristics in the poems of Korean modernists, Lee Sang. Through this study, I will examine how the poetic subjects of his poems are reacting against the contradiction of colonial modernity. Lee Sang often used the `metaphor of difference`. It presents the difference between the objects rather than the similarity through the juxtaposition of them. Lee Sang indirectly criticizes and resists against the colonial modernity by revealing the non-assimilative modernity through the violent combination of absolutely different objects. The poetic subject in his poems looks like a separate subject with society from the perspective of dystopia. His text composed by this subject mostly shows the poetics of conflict. This poetic subject is frustrated with the fact that he can not be identified with the real modernity, presenting the disrupted and fragmented reality of the modern through crude metaphors. This subject shows a thinking of self-negation. He refuses speeding of the modernity by sticking to the high or slow speed. The process of text construction follows an esthetic negativity which criticizes the absurdity and vice of the colonial modernity.

Incorporation of a self-aligned selective emitter to realize highly efficient (12.8%) Si nanowire solar cells.

Um, Han-Don,Park, Kwang-Tae,Jung, Jin-Young,Li, Xiaopeng,Zhou, Keya,Jee, Sang-Won,Lee, Jung-Ho RSC Pub 2014 Nanoscale Vol.6 No.10

<P>Formation of a selective emitter in crystalline silicon solar cells improves photovoltaic conversion efficiency by decoupling emitter regions for light absorption (moderately doped) and metallization (degenerately doped). However, use of a selective emitter in silicon nanowire (Si NW) solar cells is technologically challenging because of difficulties in forming robust Ohmic contacts that interface directly with the top-ends of nanowires. Here we describe a self-aligned selective emitter successfully integrated into an antireflective Si NW solar cell. By one-step metal-assisted chemical etching, NW arrays formed only at light-absorbing areas between top-metal grids while selectively retaining Ohmic contact regions underneath the metal grids. We observed a remarkable 40% enhancement in blue responses of internal quantum efficiency, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 12.8% in comparison to the 8.05% of a conventional NW solar cell.</P>

The Regulation of FOXP3 Expression by the Treatment of TGF-β and the Modification of DNA Methylation in Lung Cancer Cell Lines

( Sang Won Um ),( Sang Hee Lee ),( Ho Joong Kim ),( O Jung Kwon ),( Hang Rae Kim ),( Jae Seung Kang ),( Wang Jae Lee ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2011 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.70 No.3

Background: Transcription factor FOXP3 characterizes the thymically derived regulatory T cells. FOXP3 is expressed by cancer cell itself and FOXP3 expression was induced by TGF-β treatment in pancreatic cancer cell line. However, the expression of FOXP3 expression is not well known in patients with lung cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the expression of FOXP3 in patients with lung cancer and to investigate the regulation of FOXP3 expression by the treatment of TGF-β and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in lung cancer cell lines. Methods: FOXP3 expression in the tissue of patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The regulation of FOXP3 expression was investigated by Western blot and RT-PCR after lung cancer cell lines were stimulated with TGF-β1 and TGF-β2. The regulation of FOXP3 expression was also investigated by RT-PCR and flow cytometry after lung cancer cell lines were treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-AZA-dC). Results: FOXP3 expression was confirmed in 27% of patients with NSCLC. In NCI-H460 cell line, TGF-β2 decreased FOXP3 mRNA and protein expressions. In A549 cell line, both TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 decreased FOXP3 mRNA and protein expressions. 5-AZA-dC increased FOXP3 mRNA expression in NCI-H460 and A549 cell lines. Moreover, 5-AZA-dC increased intracellular FOXP3 protein expression in A549 cell lines. Conclusion: It was shown that FOXP3 is expressed by cancer cell itself in patients with NSCLC. Treatment of TGF- β2 and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor seems to be associated with the regulation of FOXP3 expression in lung cancer cell lines.

Association Between Hypnotics and Dementia: A Mini Narrative Review

Sung-Hoon Yoon,Young-Chan Kim,Ho Jun Seo,Seung Chul Hong,Tae Won Kim,Jong-Hyun Jeong,Yoo Hyun Um 대한신경정신의학회 2024 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.21 No.5

Objective : This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the existing literature on the relationship between hyp-notics and dementia, considering both potential link and inconclusive or lack of association. Methods : Data from studies that investigate the association between hypnotic medications and dementia were reviewed. Studies includ-ed both cohort studies and systematic reviews, participants with various type of dementia and hypnotics including benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs (ZDs). Results : The existing literatures presents conflicting evidence regarding the association between hypnotics, including BZDs and ZDs, and the risk of dementia. Some studies suggest a potential link between prolonged use of hypnotics and an increased risk of dementia. However, other studies indicate inconclusive or lacking evidence regarding this association. Factors such as study design, sample charac-teristics, and control of confounding variables contribute to the variability in findings. Conclusion : The relationship between hypnotics and dementia remains complex and controversial. While some studies suggest a poten-tial association, others find inconclusive or conflicting evidence. Future research should focus on addressing methodological limitations, considering classifying dementia subtypes, and try to adjust medication lag time.

New Model Systems for Tumor Heterogeneity from Patient Derived Cells of Primary Lung Cancer

( Sang-won Um ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-

[P10-105] Ulmus deviana var. Japonica protect lipopolysaccharide­induced cognitive dysfunction and apoptotic cascade in brain.

Won Hee Choi,Min Young Um,Ji Yun Ahn,Sung Ran Kim,Tae Yuul Ha 한국식품영양과학회 2006 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2006 No.10

Screening strains producing antimicrobial material from soybean paste, Korea hot pepper paste with Citrus-Processing-Waste as medium

Sung-Won Choi,Ji-Min Um,Sun-a Yoon,Young-Bum Kim,You ri Lee,Eun-Ki Kim 한국생물공학회 2008 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.4

The Regulation of FOXP3 Expression by the Treatment of TGF-${\beta}$ and the Modification of DNA Methylation in Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Um, Sang-Won,Lee, Sang-Hee,Kim, Ho-Joong,Kwon, O-Jung,Kim, Hang-Rae,Kang, Jae-Seung,Lee, Wang-Jae The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2011 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.70 No.3

Background: Transcription factor FOXP3 characterizes the thymically derived regulatory T cells. FOXP3 is expressed by cancer cell itself and FOXP3 expression was induced by TGF-${\beta}$ treatment in pancreatic cancer cell line. However, the expression of FOXP3 expression is not well known in patients with lung cancer. This study was conducted to investigate the expression of FOXP3 in patients with lung cancer and to investigate the regulation of FOXP3 expression by the treatment of TGF-${\beta}$ and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in lung cancer cell lines. Methods: FOXP3 expression in the tissue of patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The regulation of FOXP3 expression was investigated by Western blot and RT-PCR after lung cancer cell lines were stimulated with TGF-${\beta}1$ and TGF-${\beta}2$. The regulation of FOXP3 expression was also investigated by RT-PCR and flow cytometry after lung cancer cell lines were treated with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-AZA-dC). Results: FOXP3 expression was confirmed in 27% of patients with NSCLC. In NCI-H460 cell line, TGF-${\beta}2$ decreased FOXP3 mRNA and protein expressions. In A549 cell line, both TGF-${\beta}1$ and TGF-${\beta}2$ decreased FOXP3 mRNA and protein expressions. 5-AZA-dC increased FOXP3 mRNA expression in NCI-H460 and A549 cell lines. Moreover, 5-AZA-dC increased intracellular FOXP3 protein expression in A549 cell lines. Conclusion: It was shown that FOXP3 is expressed by cancer cell itself in patients with NSCLC. Treatment of TGF-${\beta}2$ and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor seems to be associated with the regulation of FOXP3 expression in lung cancer cell lines.

The Combination of Tiotropium and Budesonide in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Um, Sang-Won,Yoo, Chul-Gyu,Kim, Young Whan,Han, Sung Koo,Shim, Young-Soo KOREAN ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2007 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.22 No.5

<P>Because additive effects of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting anticholinergics are unclear, we undertook this study to compare the efficacy of tiotropium alone and tiotropium plus budesonide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The study subjects were randomized to receive either tiotropium 18 µg once daily with or without budesonide 200 µg twice daily for 6 weeks. The efficacy variables were changes in trough forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and use of rescue medication. One hundred patients were randomized and 81 completed the study. The mean age was 64.0 yr, and the mean FEV1 was 39.7% predicted. Compared with tiotropium alone (N=40), the tiotropium/budesonide combination (N=41) was related to an improvement in the SGRQ total score (tiotropium -2.8 units and tiotropium/budesonide -5.6 units, <I>p</I>=0.003). 6MWD was improved by 13.5 m in the tiotropium group and by 22.5 m in the tiotropium/budesonide group (<I>p</I>=0.031). Changes in trough FEV1 and the use of rescue medication were similar between two groups. In conclusion, compared with tiotropium alone, the tiotropium/budesonide combination was related to an improved health-related quality of life. These data support that low-dose budesonide may enhance the efficacy of tiotropium.</P>

The Combination of Tiotropium and Budesonide in the Treatment ofChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Sang-Won Um,유철규,김영환,한성구,심영수 대한의학회 2007 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.22 No.5

Because additive effects of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting anticholinergics are unclear, we undertook this study to compare the efficacy of tiotropium alone and tiotropium plus budesonide in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The study subjects were randomized to receive either tiotropium 18 g once daily with or without budesonide 200 g twice daily for 6 weeks. The efficacy variables were changes in trough forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and use of rescue medication. One hundred patients were randomized and 81 completed the study. The mean age was 64.0 yr, and the mean FEV1 was 39.7% predicted. Compared with tiotropium alone (N=40), the tiotropium/budesonide combination (N=41) was related to an improvement in the SGRQ total score (tiotropium -2.8 units and tiotropium/budesonide -5.6 units, p=0.003). 6MWD was improved by 13.5 m in the tiotropium group and by 22.5 m in the tiotropium/budesonide group (p=0.031). Changes in trough FEV1 and the use of rescue medication were similar between two groups. In conclusion, compared with tiotropium alone, the tiotropium/ budesonide combination was related to an improved health-related quality of life. These data support that low-dose budesonide may enhance the efficacy of tiotropium.