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Tsuyama, Takashi,Watanabe, Saori,Aoki, Ayako,Cho, Yunje,Seki, Masayuki,Enomoto, Takemi,Tada, Shusuke American Society for Cell Biology 2009 Molecular biology of the cell Vol.20 No.3
<P>Excess Cdt1 reportedly induces rereplication of chromatin in cultured cells and Xenopus egg extracts, suggesting that the regulation of Cdt1 activity by cell cycle-dependent proteolysis and expression of the Cdt1 inhibitor geminin is crucial for the inhibition of chromosomal overreplication between S phase and metaphase. We analyzed the consequences of excess Cdt1 for DNA replication and found that increased Cdt1 activity inhibited the elongation of nascent strands in Xenopus egg extracts. In Cdt1-supplemented extracts, overreplication was remarkably induced by the further addition of the Cdt1-binding domain of geminin (Gem79-130), which lacks licensing inhibitor activity. Further analyses indicated that fully active geminin, as well as Gem79-130, restored nascent strand elongation in Cdt1-supplemented extracts even after the Cdt1-induced stalling of replication fork elongation had been established. Our results demonstrate an unforeseen, negative role for Cdt1 in elongation and suggest that its function in the control of replication should be redefined. We propose a novel surveillance mechanism in which Cdt1 blocks nascent chain elongation after detecting illegitimate activation of the licensing system.</P>
Yun, Jong‐,Hak,Nakao, Katsuhiro,Tsuyama, Ikutaro,Matsui, Tetsuya,Park, Chan‐,Ho,Lee, Byoung‐,Yoon,Tanaka, Nobuyuki Springer Japan 2018 Ecological research Vol.33 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>To facilitate the adaptive management of subalpine ecosystems in the Korean Peninsula under climate change conditions, we identified the climatic factors that determine the distribution of two dominant subalpine firs (<I>Abies koreana</I> and <I>A. nephrolepis</I>). We also identified sustainable and vulnerable habitats for these species inside and outside of current protected areas under climate change scenarios. The minimum temperature of the coldest month, and the amount of precipitation in the warmest quarter were the most important climatic variables that determined the distribution of these two <I>Abies</I> species. Potential habitats for <I>A. koreana</I> and <I>A. nephrolepis</I> were predicted to decrease to 3.3% and 36.4% of the current areas due to climate change, irrespective of whether inside or outside the protected areas. It was predicted that the potential habitats for <I>A. nephrolepis</I> would be maintained in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, and sustainable potential habitats outside the protected areas were predicted in central parts of the Korean Peninsula. The potential habitats for <I>A. koreana</I> were predicted to disappear from Is. Jeju and shrink significantly in the Korean Peninsula. These results suggest that, in central parts of the Korean Peninsula, revision of protected areas would be effective in preserving <I>A. nephrolepis</I> under conditions of future climate change. In contrast, revision of protected areas would be insufficient to conserve <I>A. koreana</I> due to their high vulnerability and limited populations. Active management is required to ensure the survival of <I>A. koreana</I> under future climate conditions.</P>
Matsui, Tetsuya,Nakao, Katsuhiro,Higa, Motoki,Tsuyama, Ikutaro,Kominami, Yuji,Yagihashi, Tsutomu,Koide, Dai,Tanaka, Nobuyuki Springer Japan 2018 Ecological research Vol.33 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Climate change will likely change the species composition or abundance of plant communities, and it is important to anticipate these changes to develop climate change adaptation policies. We chose beech (<I>Fagus crenata</I> Blume) and its competitive tree species as target species to evaluate potential turnover in forest types under climate change using a multivariate classification tree model. To construct the model, geographical presence/absence data for nine target species were used as multivariate response variables, with five climatic factors were used as predictor variables. Current and future distribution probabilities for the target species were calculated, and the 15 dominant forest types were subjectively classified in approximately 1‐km<SUP>2</SUP> grid cells within the area of the current beech forest distribution. All 16,398 grid cells of the beech‐dominant forest type (FCR‐QCR) were projected to be replaced in the future by five <I>Quercus crispula</I>‐dominant types (59% of FCR‐QCR grid cells), four <I>Q. serrata</I> types (22%), two <I>Q. salicina</I> types (8%), or two <I>Abies firma</I> types (0.1%). The FCR‐QCR type remained unchanged (stable) in only 11.4% of grid cells; these were mainly distributed at high elevations in snowy areas on the Sea of Japan side of the country. In contrast, vulnerable habitats (future probability of beech occurrence less than 1.0%) were found at low elevations on both the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean sides. Northwards or upwards range expansions or increases of <I>Quercus</I> spp., in particular, need to be carefully monitored.</P>
Khayrutdinov, Bulat I,Bae, Won Jin,Yun, Young Mi,Lee, Jie Hye,Tsuyama, Takashi,Kim, Jung Joo,Hwang, Eunha,Ryu, Kyoung-Seok,Cheong, Hae-Kap,Cheong, Chaejoon,Ko, Jung-Soon,Enomoto, Takemi,Karplus, P And Cambridge University Press 2009 Protein science Vol.18 No.11
<P>In eukaryotic replication licensing, Cdt1 plays a key role by recruiting the MCM2-7 complex onto the origin of chromosome. The C-terminal domain of mouse Cdt1 (mCdt1C), the most conserved region in Cdt1, is essential for licensing and directly interacts with the MCM2-7 complex. We have determined the structures of mCdt1CS (mCdt1C_small; residues 452 to 557) and mCdt1CL (mCdt1C_large; residues 420 to 557) using X-ray crystallography and solution NMR spectroscopy, respectively. While the N-terminal 31 residues of mCdt1CL form a flexible loop with a short helix near the middle, the rest of mCdt1C folds into a winged helix structure. Together with the middle domain of mouse Cdt1 (mCdt1M, residues 172-368), this study reveals that Cdt1 is formed with a tandem repeat of the winged helix domain. The winged helix fold is also conserved in other licensing factors including archaeal ORC and Cdc6, which supports an idea that these replication initiators may have evolved from a common ancestor. Based on the structure of mCdt1C, in conjunction with the biochemical analysis, we propose a binding site for the MCM complex within the mCdt1C.</P>
Culture Conditions for Mycelial Growth and Anti-Cancer Properties of Termitomyces
Tharavecharak Suphachai,D’Alessandro-Gabazza Corina N.,Toda Masaaki,Yasuma Taro,Tsuyama Taku,Kamei Ichiro,Gabazza Esteban C. 한국균학회 2023 Mycobiology Vol.51 No.2
Termitomyces sp. that grow in symbiosis with fungus-farming Termites have medicinal properties. However, they are rare in nature, and their artificial culture is challenging. The expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint molecules favor the growth of cancer cells. The study evaluated the optimal conditions for the artificial culture of Termitomyces and their inhibitory activity on AXL and immune checkpoint molecules in lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma cell lines. The culture of 45 strains of Termitomyces was compared. Five strains with marked growth rates were selected. Four of the selected strains form a single cluster by sequence analysis. The mycelium of 4 selected strains produces more fungal mass in potato dextrose broth than in a mixed media. The bark was the most appropriate solid substrate for Termitomyces mycelia culture. The mycelium of all five selected strains showed a higher growth rate under normal CO2 conditions. The culture broth, methanol, and ethyl acetate of one selected strain (T-120) inhibited the mRNA relative expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase and immune checkpoint molecules in cancer cell lines. Overall, these results suggest the potential usefulness of Termitomyces extracts as a co-adjuvant therapy in malignant diseases.