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Tsutomu Shimada 한국독성학회 2017 Toxicological Research Vol.33 No.2
A variety of xenobiotic chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aryl- and heterocyclic amines and tobacco related nitrosamines, are ubiquitous environmental carcinogens and are required to be activated to chemically reactive metabolites by xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, including cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP), in order to initiate cell transformation. Of various human P450 enzymes determined to date, CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A13, 2A6, 2E1, and 3A4 are reported to play critical roles in the bioactivation of these carcinogenic chemicals. In vivo studies have shown that disruption of Cyp1b1 and Cyp2a5 genes in mice resulted in suppression of tumor formation caused by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, respectively. In addition, specific inhibitors for CYP1 and 2A enzymes are able to suppress tumor formation caused by several carcinogens in experimental animals in vivo, when these inhibitors are applied before or just after the administration of carcinogens. In this review, we describe recent progress, including our own studies done during past decade, on the nature of inhibitors of human CYP1 and CYP2A enzymes that have been shown to activate carcinogenic PAHs and tobacco-related nitrosamines, respectively, in humans. The inhibitors considered here include a variety of carcinogenic and/or non-carcinogenic PAHs and acethylenic PAHs, many flavonoid derivatives, derivatives of naphthalene, phenanthrene, biphenyl, and pyrene and chemopreventive organoselenium compounds, such as benzyl selenocyanate and benzyl selenocyanate; o-XSC, 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate.
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Future trend of fiber reinforced thermoplastics for automobile products
Tsutomu Nagaoka 한국소성가공학회 2018 플라스틱가공 심포지엄(한일 공동 세미나) Vol.2018 No.8
The reduction of the greenhouse gas (mainly CO₂) for the improvement of the global environment is demanded for a long time. Most of CO₂ occurs at the time of run of the transportation (mainly an automobile). The amount of emission of the CO₂ at the time of run is related to the body weight of the automobile. Some weight saving method(s) of the body weight is studied and developed. Up to now, plastics is adopted more than 15 % of the body weight (60% of the volume).The adoption of fiber reinforced plastic is increased for the purpose of the lighting as a substitution of a metal component. Long fiber reinforced plastic (LFT) has been adopted because the impact strength is required in particular. But apart from the merit by length of fiber, a demerit is also revealed. By these reasons, reconsideration of short fiber reinforced plastic(SFP) and a multi-material structure with metal are studied. This paper will report the future of adoption of fiber reinforced plastic to automobile.
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