High‑frequency planar transformer optimal design and analysis

Yu Tang,Guanghui Wang,Zhe Shi,Jincai Niu 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.2

Due to the rapid development of modern industry, there is an increasing demand for isolated switching power supplies (SMPS) with a high efficiency and a high power density. Magnetic components, which occupy most of the converter volume, have been a key bottleneck in achieving high power density. This paper presents an optimal design method for high power density planar transformers. Applying the principle of flux cancellation, a matrix transformer that originally needed an independent magnetic core was integrated into a single magnetic core to reduce the volume of the core. Meanwhile, a loss model of the transformer is established, and an optimized design method of the winding structure is given according to that model to further reduce the winding loss of the transformer. Finally, an LLC converter with a resonant frequency of 1 MHz is designed to verify the practical performance of the proposed transformer.

Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of walnut leaf pest Paleosepharia posticata (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea)

Qiqi Wang,Guanghui Tang 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.3

Mitochondrial DNA (mitogenome) has been widely used in species identification and comparison among closely related species and is valuable for phylogenetic studies. However, considering the large amount and high biodiversity of coleopteran insects, only about 100 complete or nearly complete mitogenome sequences of coleopterans were found in GenBank, largely limiting the research of biological evolution among coleopteran insects. In this study, the complete mitochondrial sequence of Paleosepharia posticata, an important walnut leaf pest, was determined by the next-generation sequencing technology and verified using Sanger sequencing method. The mitogenome of P. posticata was 15,729 bp with an A +T content of 79.8%, and was very similar with other reported coleopteran insects in genome complement, gene order and nucleotide composition. All of the protein-coding genes started with the typical ATN initiation codons except for nad1 (TTG). The ancestral gene order with trnI-trnQ-trnM located between the A +T-rich region and nad2 and the formerly identified conserved elements of coleopteran mitogenomes, such as the motif ‘TAGTA’ between trnS(UCN) and nad2, the overlap ‘ATGATAA’ between atp8 and atp6 genes and poly-T stretch in the A +T-rich region, were also present in the P. posticata mitogenome. A special ‘ATGATAA’ between nad4l and nad4, which was ‘ATGTTAA’ in many insect mitogenomes, was observed in the mitogenome of P. posticata and coleopteran species used in this study. Phylogenetic trees inferred from the amino acid and nucleotide sequence data for the 13 protein-coding genes strongly supported the monopoly of Elateriformia, the paraphyly of Staphyliniformia, and the sister relationship of Scarabaeoidea and Staphylinoidea.

Thermal-hydraulic analysis of a new conceptual heat pipe cooled small nuclear reactor system

Wang, Chenglong,Sun, Hao,Tang, Simiao,Tian, Wenxi,Qiu, Suizheng,Su, Guanghui Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.1

Small nuclear reactor features higher power capacity, longer operation life than conventional power sources. It could be an ideal alternative of existing power source applied for special equipment for terrestrial or underwater missions. In this paper, a 25kWe heat pipe cooled reactor power source applied for multiple use is preliminary designed. Based on the design, a thermal-hydraulic analysis code for heat pipe cooled reactor is developed to analyze steady and transient performance of the designed nuclear reactor. For reactor design, UN fuel with 65% enrichment and potassium heat pipes are adopted in the reactor core. Tungsten and LiH are adopted as radiation shield on both sides of the reactor core. The reactor is controlled by 6 control drums with B₄C neutron absorbers. Thermoelectric generator (TEG) converts fission heat into electricity. Cooling water removes waste heat out of the reactor. The thermal-hydraulic characteristics of heat pipes are simulated using thermal resistance network method. Thermal parameters of steady and transient conditions, such as the temperature distribution of every key components are obtained. Then the postulated reactor accidents for heat pipe cooled reactor, including power variation, single heat pipe failure and cooling channel blockage, are analyzed and evaluated. Results show that all the designed parameters satisfy the safety requirements. This work could provide reference to the design and application of the heat pipe cooled nuclear power source.

EFFECT OF FLOATING FOUNDATION MOTION ON THE AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLOATING OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE

Shen Yiping,Han Qingkai,Tang Shihao,Li Xuejun,Zhu Guanghui 한국신재생에너지학회 2015 AFORE Vol.2015 No.11

Identification and characterization of conserved and novel miRNAs in different development stages of Atrijuglans hetaohei Yang (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea)

Zhengqing Zhang,Tianfeng Li,Guanghui Tang 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.1

Atrijuglans hetaohei Yang (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) is a kind of walnut pest, which mainly damage Juglans regia(Juglandales: Juglandaceae) and is widely distributed in China. The information of microRNAs, e.g., the conservedand novel miRNAs of this species is still unknown. In the present study, the miRNAs in larval and adultstages of A. hetaohei were identified by high throughput sequencing with reference to the genome database of theBombyx mori. A total of 132 conserved miRNAs belonging to 64 families and seven novel miRNAs were obtained,among which 118 miRNAs were identified in both libraries, 4 and 17 miRNAs were only detected to adultspecificand larval-specific libraries, respectively. The most abundant miRNAs in A. hetaohei were miR-1a-3p, let-7, miR-2766 and miR-184. Comparative analysis revealed that 4 novel miRNAs and 47 conserved miRNAs weredifferentially expressed (P < 0.05) between two libraries. Abundance changes of miRNAs were observed fromlarva to adult: 19 miRNAs were up-regulated and 21 miRNAs were down-regulated. The metamorphosis andapoptosis associated miRNAs including miR-1a-3p, miR-133, let-7, miR-2766, miR-184 and miR-34 were discussedfor their predicted functions in insect development. The different expressions of these miRNAs wererelevant to dorso-ventral axis formation, phototransduction, insect hormone biosynthesis, circadian rhythm andmitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. qRT-PCR analysis of ten miRNAs showed similarexpression patterns as high throughput analysis, most miRNAs were highly expressed in adult stage, while miR-8-3p, miR-305-3p and miR-2766 were highly expressed in larvae. The results preliminarily revealed the characterizationof conserved and novel miRNAs in different development stages of A. hetaohei. The different expressionsand associated functions of these miRNAs will provide a basis for understanding post-transcriptionallevel during A. hetaohei development and growth.

Phylogeography of walnut pest Atrijuglans hetaohei (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) reveals comprehensive influence of geographic barriers and human activities

Qiqi Wang,Shaheen Tayyab,Rong Li,Guanghui Tang 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.3

Phylogeographic patterns of some extant species have been well documented; however, the evolutionary patterns of plant pests were poorly understood. This study investigated the evolutionary patterns and historical demog raphy of Atrijuglans hetaohei using mitochondrial DNA (cox1 and cox2) and nuclear EF-1α. Networks and other statistical analyses concordantly revealed four genetic lineages (L1-L4), indicating varying influences of moun tains and rivers. Two shared ancestral haplotypes and strong gene flow in refugia (Mt. Qinling and Daba Shan) indicated that the evolutionary patterns of A. hetaohei coincided with its plant hosts, and A. hetaohei experienced long-term vicariance and secondary contact in these areas. The demographic analysis (EBSP) clearly showed that A. hetaohei underwent two sustained population expansions 4000 years ago, and its population size was affected by the size and quality of its plant hosts resulting from human agricultural activities. All the evidence suggests that physical barriers (mountains and rivers) and human agricultural activities have affected this insect’s pop ulation structure and distribution to varying degrees. Together, our study contributes to a growing understanding of the origin and population structure of A. hetaohei and provides an important framework for exploring the evolution patterns of the pest and its hosts.

Identification, characterization, and expression of two novel P450 genes CYP6BQ21 and CYP6BQ22 from Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae)

Li Feifei,Wang Haidong,Shaheen Tayyab,Pei Pei,Li Menglou,Tang Guanghui 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.3

Chemical pesticides often applied to effectively control the long-horned beetles to protect the forests are reported to affect the non-target organisms adversely. Dastarcus helophoroides is an active natural enemy of long-horned beetles. Studying the molecular mechanism of P450 genes will help to elucidate the metabolic mechanism of pesticides in D. helophoroides to better coordinate the use of chemical and biological controls. In this study, two novel genes, CYP6BQ21, and CYP6BQ22 were successfully cloned from D. helophoroides using the rapid ampli fication of cDNA ends technique. The sequence and homology analyses indicated that CYP6BQ21 was highly similar to CYP6BQ1 from Tribolium castaneum, while CYP6BQ22 was closely related to CYP6BQ13 from T. castaneum. Gene expression patterns showed that CYP6BQ21 and CYP6BQ22 were specifically expressed in the adult stage of D. helophoroides. In addition, CYP6BQ21 and CYP6BQ22 were significantly expressed under the treatment of a high concentration of cypermethrin. Based on these findings, we proposed that CYP6BQ21 and CYP6BQ22 played possible roles in the development and pesticide stress of D. helophoroides. Our findings are an important first step in identifying and characterizing CYP6BQ21 and CYP6BQ22 from D. helophoroides, and lay the groundwork for future research into the role of these novel CYP6s in the regulation of pesticide resistance in D. helophoroides.

Screening potential reference genes for reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction normalization in Atrijuglans hetaohei (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea)

Li Feifei,Li Yan,Wang Tao,Li Tianfeng,Zhu Shuying,Pei Pei,Tang Guanghui 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.6

Atrijuglans hetaohei Yang (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea), is one of the major pests that seriously damage the walnut fruits. Although the morphology and physiology of A. hetaohei have been widely studied, suitable reference genes for normalizing target gene expression have not been identified. In this study, the expressions of eight candidate reference genes including GAPDH, β-Tubulin, TATA-binding protein (TBP), Histone, Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9 (UBC9), arginine kinase (AK), 28S and elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α) in different developmental stages and various larval tissues of A. hetaohei were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the expression stability of the selected reference genes was evaluated by ΔCt method, BestKeeper, NormFinder, geNorm and ReFinder, a comprehensive software platform. These results demonstrated that the best reference genes were GAPDH and 28S at different developmental stages of A. hetaohei; and the optimum references in various larval tissues of A. hetaohei were 28S, Histone and TBP. Our study should be useful to analyze the expression profiles of target genes and form a solid foundation for future research on the understanding of the genes’ biological functions in A. hetaohei.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Methyl Jasmonate-mediated Biosynthesis of Protopanaxadiol-type Saponins in Panax notoginseng Leaves

Li Ying,Lin Yuan,Jia Bing,Chen Geng,Shi Huineng,Xu Rui,Li Xuejiao,Tang Junrong,Tang Qingyan,Zhang Guanghui,Yang Jianli,Fan Wei,Yang Shengchao 한국식물학회 2022 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.65 No.1

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has been widely used to improve the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as triterpenoid saponins in medicinal plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Differing from roots that accumulate protopanaxatriol-type saponins, Panax notoginseng leaves with a lower biomass mainly contain protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type saponins. Therefore, it is interesting to explore whether MeJA can activate the biosynthesis of PPD-type saponins in P. notoginseng leaves. In this study, we found MeJA could effectively induce the accumulation of PPD-type saponins, including ginsenoside Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3 and notoginsenoside Fa, Fe in P. notoginseng leaves based on a newly established high-performance liquid chromatography method. Transcriptome analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by MeJA were mainly enriched in “terpenoid backbone biosynthesis”, “biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids”, “sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis”, “fatty acid metabolism”, and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”. Furthermore, the expression profile and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of DEGs showed that MeJA could positively induce the molecular response of endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway, and increased PPD-type saponins mediated by MeJA in P. notoginseng leaves may be related to the high expression of FPS, SS, SE, DS and UGTs, and the low expression of CYP716A53v2 and β-AS. The results provide a molecular understanding for MeJA-elicited biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins and facilitate the further characterization of the genes responsible for biosynthesis of PPD-type saponins in P. notoginseng leaves.

China Consensus Document on Allergy Diagnostics

Chen Hao,Li Jing,Cheng Lei,Gao Zhongshan,Lin Xiaoping,Zhu Rongfei,Yang Lin,Tao Ailin,Hong Haiyu,Tang Wei,Guo Yinshi,Huang Huaiqiu,Sun Jinlyu,Lai He,Lei Cheng,Liu Guanghui,Xiang Li,Chen Zhuanggui,Ma Ha 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.2

The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased dramatically in recent years in China, affecting the quality of life in 40% of the population. The identification of allergens is the key to the diagnosis of allergic diseases. Presently, several methods of allergy diagnostics are available in China, but they have not been standardized. Additionally, cross-sensitization and co-sensitization make allergy diagnostics even more complicated. Based on 4 aspects of allergic disease (mechanism, diagnosis procedures, allergen detection in vivo and in vitro as well as the distribution map of the most important airborne allergens in China) and by referring to the consensus of the European Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the World Allergy Organization, and the important literature on allergy diagnostics in China in recent years, we drafted this consensus of allergy diagnostics with Chinese characteristics. It aims to standardize the diagnostic methods of allergens and provides a reference for health care givers. The current document was prepared by a panel of experts from the main stream of professional allergy associations in China.