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Invasiveness Reduction of Recent Total En Bloc Spondylectomy: Assessment of the Learning Curve
Takayoshi Ishii,Hideki Murakami,Satoru Demura,Satoshi Kato,Katsuhito Yoshioka,Moriyuki Fujii,Takashi Igarashi,Hiroyuki Tsuchiya 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.3
Study Design: Case-control study. Purpose: To evaluate the surgical magnitude and learning curve of “second-generation” total en bloc spondylectomy (TES). Overview of Literature: In June 2010, we developed second-generation TES combined with tumor-induced cryoimmunology, which does not require autograft harvesting. Methods: TES was performed in 63 patients between June 2010 and September 2013. Three groups of patients were evaluated: 20 undergoing surgery in the first year of development of second-generation TES (group I), 20 in the second year (group II), and 23 in the third year (group III). Patient backgrounds showed no remarkable differences. Operating time, intraoperative blood loss, blood transfusion, and postoperative C-reactive protein and creatine phosphokinase were compared among the groups. Results: Mean±standard deviation operating time was 486±130 minutes in group I, 441±85 minutes in group II, and 396±75 minutes in group III. The time was significantly shorter in group III than in group I (p <0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was 901±646 mL in group I, 433±177 mL in group II, and 411±167 mL in group III. Blood loss was significantly lower in groups II and III than in group I (p <0.01). Transfusion was not required in 20 of 23 patients in group III, and mean C-reactive protein levels on postoperative day 3 were significantly lower in this group than in group I (6.12 mg/L vs. 10.07 mg/L; p <0.05). Postoperative creatine phosphokinase levels did not differ among the groups. Conclusions: TES is associated with a significant learning curve. Thus, second-generation TES can no longer be considered highly invasive.
Takayoshi Koike,Qiaozhi Mao,Naoki Inada,Korin Kawaguchi,Yasutomo Hoshika,Kazuhito Kita,Makoto Watanabe 한국대기환경학회 2012 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.6 No.2
We studied the effects of elevated ozone ([O3]) and CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) on the growth and photosynthesis of the hybrid larch F1 (F1) and on its parents (the Dahurian larch and Japanese larch). F1 is a promising species for timber production in northeast Asia. Seedlings of the three species were grown in 16 open top chambers and were exposed to two levels of O3 (⁄10 ppb and 60 ppb for 7 h per day) in combination with two levels of CO2 (ambient and 600ppm for daytime) over an entire growing season. Ozone reduced the growth as measured by height and diameter, and reduced the needle dry mass and net photosynthetic rate of F1, but had almost no effect on the Dahurian larch or Japanese larch. There was a significant increase in whole-plant dry mass induced by elevated [CO2] in F1 but not in the other two species. Photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO2] was observed in all species. The net photosynthetic rate measured at the growing [CO2] (i.e. 380ppm for ambient treatment and 600 ppm for elevated CO2 treatment) was nevertheless greater in the seedlings of all species grown at elevated [CO2]. The high [CO2] partly compensated for the reduction of stem diameter growth of F1 at high [O3]; no similar trend was found in the other growth and photosynthetic parameters, or in the other species. We studied the effects of elevated ozone ([O3]) and CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) on the growth and photosynthesis of the hybrid larch F1 (F1) and on its parents (the Dahurian larch and Japanese larch). F1 is a promising species for timber production in northeast Asia. Seedlings of the three species were grown in 16 open top chambers and were exposed to two levels of O3 (⁄10 ppb and 60 ppb for 7 h per day) in combination with two levels of CO2 (ambient and 600ppm for daytime) over an entire growing season. Ozone reduced the growth as measured by height and diameter, and reduced the needle dry mass and net photosynthetic rate of F1, but had almost no effect on the Dahurian larch or Japanese larch. There was a significant increase in whole-plant dry mass induced by elevated [CO2] in F1 but not in the other two species. Photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [CO2] was observed in all species. The net photosynthetic rate measured at the growing [CO2] (i.e. 380ppm for ambient treatment and 600 ppm for elevated CO2 treatment) was nevertheless greater in the seedlings of all species grown at elevated [CO2]. The high [CO2] partly compensated for the reduction of stem diameter growth of F1 at high [O3]; no similar trend was found in the other growth and photosynthetic parameters, or in the other species.
What Makes an Internationally Competitive Port with the Development of Containerization?
( Takayoshi Takei ) 부경대학교 글로벌지역학연구소 2017 Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) Vol.1 No.1
This paper discusses based mainly on field research what makes an internationally competitive port with the development of containerization by referring to two cases in Japan: the Port of Kobe (POK) and the Port of Hakata (POH). Section One notes what the containerization has brought to logistics, international trade, and ports. Section Two deals with what POK did to maintain its position and function as a leading international port of Japan with the advent of the containerization. Section Three comments why, what, and how POH has developed and expanded its port facilities and equipment. Section Four considers as a conclusion essential requirements for an internationally competitive port based on the two case studies.
Takayoshi Otaki,Masahiro Hamana,Hideaki Tanoe,Nobuyuki Miyazaki,Takuro Shibuno,Teruhisa Komatsu 한국해양과학기술원 2015 Ocean science journal Vol.50 No.2
Most demersal fishes maintain strong relations with bottom substrates and bottom depths and/or topography during their lives. It is important to know these relations to for understand their lives. In Tokyo Bay, red stingray, Dasyatis akajei, classified as near-threatened species by IUCN, has increased since the 1980s. It is a top predator and engages in ecosystem engineer by mixing the sand bed surface through burring behavior, and greatly influences a coastal ecosystem. It is reported that this species invades in plage and tidal flats and has sometimes injured beachgoers and people gathering clams in Tokyo bay. Thus, it is necessary to know its behavior and habitat use to avoid accidents and to better conserve the biodiversity of ecosystems. However, previous studies have not examined its relationship with the bottom environment. This study aims to describe its behavior in relation to the bottom environment. We sounded three dimensional bottom topography of their habitat off Kaneda Cove in Tokyo Bay with interferometric sidescan sonar system and traced the movement of red stingrays by attaching a data logger system to survey their migration. The results revealed that red stingray repeated vertical movement between the surface and bottom, and used not only sand beds but also rocky beds.