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Recovery from the Earthquake and Operation of the J-PARC Linac
Takashi Ito 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.7
The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) facilities were extensively damagedby the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 2011. At the linac facility, the buildings, especiallythose above the ground, were severely damaged. Owing to the damage, most of the conventionalfacilities were unavailable for several months. There were many cracks in the accelerator tunnel,and a large amount of groundwater (approximately 10 tons per day) leaked into the tunnel. TheRF cavities and magnets themselves were not seriously damaged; however, vacuum leaks occurredin the ion source, the medium-energy beam transport 1 (MEBT1), and the separated-type drifttube linac (SDTL) sections from the destruction of the vacuum port, beam monitors, and bellows. Therefore, the accelerator components were exposed to highly humid air for several weeks. Amaximum misalignment of 0.2 mm of the drift-tube (DT) bore center in the drift tube linac (DTL)was observed. A subsidence of more than 40 mm and a tilt of about 3 mrad were also observed inthe accelerator tunnel. After significant recovery efforts, we resumed beam operation in December2011 and user operation in January 2012. The beam power from the linac reached 13.3 kW inMarch 2012, which is equal to that just before the earthquake. In this report, we will discuss therecovery from the earthquake and the present operating status of the J-PARC linac.
Takashi Yagi,Yoshihiro Fujikawa,Tomoko Sawai,Takeji Takamura-Enya,Sayoko Ito-Harashima,Masanobu Kawanishi 한국독성학회 2017 Toxicological Research Vol.33 No.4
Aryl hydrocarbons such as 3-nitrobenzanthrone (NBA), 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), acetylaminofluorene (AAF), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and 1-nitropyrene (NP) form bulky DNA adducts when absorbed by mammalian cells. These chemicals are metabolically activated to reactive forms in mammalian cells and preferentially get attached covalently to the N² or C8 positions of guanine or the N6 position of adenine. The proportion of N² and C8 guanine adducts in DNA differs among chemicals. Although these adducts block DNA replication, cells have a mechanism allowing to continue replication by bypassing these adducts: translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). TLS is performed by translesion DNA polymerases—Pol η, κ, ι, and ζ and Rev1—in an error-free or error-prone manner. Regarding the NBA adducts, namely, 2-(2"-deoxyguanosin-N²-yl)-3-aminobenzanthrone (dG-N²-ABA) and N-(2"-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-3-aminobenzanthrone (dG-C8-ABA), dG-N²-ABA is produced more often than dG-C8-ABA, whereas dG-C8-ABA blocks DNA replication more strongly than dG-N²-ABA. dG-N2-ABA allows for a less error-prone bypass than dG-C8-ABA does. Pol η and κ are stronger contributors to TLS over dG-C8-ABA, and Pol κ bypasses dG-C8-ABA in an error-prone manner. TLS efficiency and error-proneness are affected by the sequences surrounding the adduct, as demonstrated in our previous study on an ABP adduct, N-(2"-deoxyguanosine-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG-C8-ABP). Elucidation of the general mechanisms determining efficiency, errorproneness, and the polymerases involved in TLS over various adducts is the next step in the research on TLS. These TLS studies will clarify the mechanisms underlying aryl hydrocarbon mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in more detail.
Extremely-slow, half-number shockwave lithotripsy for asymptomatic renal stones <20 mm
Katsuhiro Ito,Toshifumi Takahashi,Toru Kanno,Takashi Okada,Yoshihito Higashi,Hitoshi Yamada 대한비뇨의학회 2021 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.62 No.1
Purpose: To compare the treatment success rate and safety of reduced (30 shocks/min, 1,200 shocks/session) versus standard (60 shocks/min, 2,400 shocks/session) extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for the management of renal stones. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 404 patients who underwent extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for 5–20-mm renal stones between April 2011 and March 2019. Patients selected the reduced or standard protocol (group R and S) after explaining the potential benefits and disadvantages. The primary outcome was treatment success within 12 weeks, which was defined as no residual fragment or fragments <4 mm on ultrasonography and plain radiograph. Results: In total, 94 and 310 patients underwent shockwave lithotripsy with a reduced and standard protocol, respectively. The background characteristics of the participants did not significantly differ. The treatment success within 12 weeks was achieved in 78 (83.0%) patients in group R and 259 (83.5%) in group S (p=0.88). The median number of the session was 3 (interquartile range, 2–4) in both groups (p=0.53). The total complication rates were 5.4% in group R and 6.1% in group S. Three (1.0%) patients in group S experienced perirenal hematoma, which was conservatively treated. The reduced protocol was not associated with treatment success in the multivariate analysis adjusted for potential confounders (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.46–1.80; p=0.78). Conclusions: The new treatment amendment with a slower delivery rate successfully reduced the total number of shocks need to fragment renal stones <20 mm without compromising the stone-free rate.
Reina Ito,Takashi Kuribayashi 한국실험동물학회 2019 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.35 No.2
The degree of hepatopathy affecting the synthesis of α2-macroglobulin (α2M) as an acute phase protein in rats was investigated. Hepatopathy was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by intravenous administration of galactosamine at a dose of 30 mg/kg for 7 days. Inflammation was induced by intramuscular injection of turpentine oil at a dose of 2 mL/kg. Blood was collected before turpentine oil injection and at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after injection. Serum concentrations of α2M were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mean values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in rats administered galactosamine were significantly higher than in controls. Mean values of body weight and total protein were significantly lower than in controls. Serum concentrations of α2M in the galactosamine group were significantly lower than in controls. Kinetic parameters, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0–96) and maximum serum concentration (Cmax), were significantly lower than in controls. The cut-off value for detecting the effects on synthesis of α2M in liver was 46.9 mgˑh/mL. Seven rats (77.8%) were assessed for decreases in the synthesis of α2M due to hepatopathy. Two rats showed no influence on the synthesis of α2M, despite administration of galactosamine. AST and ALT in these two rats were ≤ 285 and ≤ 174 U/L, respectively. In conclusion, synthesis of α2M in rats is evidently suppressed in the severe stages of hepatopathy.