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Nam, Taewook,Park, Yong Ju,Lee, Haksoo,Oh, Il-Kwon,Ahn, Jong-Hyun,Cho, Sung Min,Kim, Hyungjun,Lee, Han-Bo-Ram Elsevier 2017 Carbon Vol.116 No.-
<P>In this study, a composite layer of atomic-layer-deposition-grown Al2O3 (ALD Al2O3) on chemical-vapor-deposition-grown graphene (CVD graphene) was fabricated for encapsulation of an organic light emitting diode (OLED). NO2 functionalization was adopted to improve the nucleation and film quality of the ALD Al2O3 on CVD graphene, and the resulting Al2O3 on NO2-functionalized graphene exhibited increased film density and decreased porosity and roughness compared to that without functionalization; these improved properties satisfy the requirements for encapsulation layers. In addition, the water vapor barrier property of the Al2O3 and graphene composite layer was improved compared with that of a single Al2O3 layer; a single graphene layer did not exhibit the barrier property because of inherent defects. According to the laminate theory, the calculated water vapor transmission rate of graphene in the composite layer was about 2 x 10(-3) g/m(2). day, which is much greater than that of the single graphene layer without Al2O3 because of the combinational effects of the Al2O3 layer. Furthermore, the permeability of graphene was almost unchanged before and after the application of bending stress because of its mechanical durability and flexibility. This ALD Al2O3/graphene composite is expected to be a promising encapsulation layer for future flexible OLED devices. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Emerging Paradigm of Crosstalk between Autophagy and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System
Nam, Taewook,Han, Jong Hyun,Devkota, Sushil,Lee, Han-Woong Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.12
Cellular protein homeostasis is maintained by two major degradation pathways, namely the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Until recently, the UPS and autophagy were considered to be largely independent systems targeting proteins for degradation in the proteasome and lysosome, respectively. However, the identification of crucial roles of molecular players such as ubiquitin and p62 in both of these pathways as well as the observation that blocking the UPS affects autophagy flux and vice versa has generated interest in studying crosstalk between these pathways. Here, we critically review the current understanding of how the UPS and autophagy execute coordinated protein degradation at the molecular level, and shed light on our recent findings indicating an important role of an autophagy-associated transmembrane protein EI24 as a bridging molecule between the UPS and autophagy that functions by regulating the degradation of several E3 ligases with Really Interesting New Gene (RING)-domains.
Low-temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and ZnO Thin Films
Taewook Nam,김재민,김민규,Woo-Hee Kim,김형준 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.21
We studied low-temperature atomic layer deposition (LT-ALD) of TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and ZnO thin films at temperatures down to room temperature, mainly focusing on the growth characteristics and the film’s properties. Here, two kinds of ALD deposition systems were introduced. Initially,for the thermal ALD (T-ALD) process using a commercial ALD system, a very long purging time of up to 300 s was required to entirely evacuate the remaining H₂O vapors at room temperature due to the large volume and the complicated inner structure of the commercial ALD chamber. For the realization of LT-ALD with a short process time, a plasma-enhanced ALD (PE-ALD) process using O2 plasma was employed, which enabled us to effectively remove the residual reactants at temperatures down to room temperature. As another method, we specifically designed a homemade ALD system with a small volume and a simple inner structure, thereby being able to use T-ALD to synthesize TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and ZnO thin films by using H₂O with very short H₂O purging times even at room temperature, which reveals that the chamber size and design are the critical factors enabling LT-ALD with a short process time. The LT-ALD processes produced highly-pure Al₂O₃,TiO₂, and ZnO films without any C and N impurities by complete elimination of ligands and exhibited excellent conformality in 3-dimensional nanoscale via holes.
Cobalt titanium nitride amorphous metal alloys by atomic layer deposition
Nam, Taewook,Lee, Chang Wan,Cheon, Taehoon,Lee, Woo Jae,Kim, Soo-Hyun,Kwon, Se-Hun,Lee, Han-Bo-Ram,Kim, Hyungjun Elsevier 2018 Journal of alloys and compounds Vol.737 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The formation of thin amorphous cobalt titanium nitride (CoTiN) layers was investigated using a supercycle method of atomic layer deposition (ALD). The stoichiometry of the resultant ALD CoTiN films was controlled by changing the ratio of Co and TiN thicknesses. X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy observations showed that the microstructure of the ALD Co and TiN was transformed from polycrystalline to amorphous CoTiN. The stoichiometry of the CoTiN layer was affected by the growth characteristics of ALD Co and TiN on each surface. The results revealed that ALD TiN undergoes nucleation incubation on the ALD Co surface, whereas ALD Co does not undergo nucleation incubation on the ALD TiN surface. The properties of the amorphous CoTiN layers were evaluated by diffusion experiments and mechanical tests. Because of the lack of grain boundaries, the CoTiN efficiently blocks the diffusion of Cu at elevated temperatures and exhibits higher hardness compared with ALD Co.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cobalt titanium nitride (CoTiN) deposited by ALD shows amorphous metallic phase. </LI> <LI> Unidirectional interlayer formation is observed from Co to TiN at the interface. </LI> <LI> ALD CoTiN shows enhanced thermal stability compared with that of ALD Co. </LI> <LI> Improved mechanical hardness of ALD CoTiN is observed compared with that of ALD Co. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Cooling effect of oil cooling method on electric vehicle motors with hairpin winding
Taewook Ha,Yerim Kang,Nam Seok Kim,So Hee Park,Sang Han Lee,김동규,유홍선 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.1
The cooling effect of oil cooling method on electric vehicle motors with hairpin winding is analyzed. A 160 kW motor being developed by a commercial vehicle company is applied. Firstly, the flow field of oil was analyzed. In the crown part, 96 % of the oil flowed; in the welded part, 90 % of the oil flowed. Secondly, an analysis of the heat transfer in the coil and stator was performed. The welded part of the coil exhibited an average temperature 4 % higher than that of the crown part. Finally, the parametric study was conducted to understand the effect of the temperature and flow rate of the oil on the temperature distributions of the motor. As the flow rate increases, the maximum temperature decreases. However, there is not a big difference at more than 0.8 LPM/LPM. The results provide important information for understanding the effect of a motor using oil cooling.
Kang, Taewook,Kim, Jae Ho,Hong, Ingie,Park, Nam Hyun,Park, Nanhyun,Heinsen, Helmut,Lee, Joo-Yong,Ravid, Rivka,Ferrer, Isidro,Yoo, Jong Shin,Kwon, Kyung-Hoon,Park, Young Mok Springer-Verlag 2014 Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Vol.406 No.22
<P>Posttranslational modifications modulate protein function in cells. Global analysis of multiple posttranslational modifications can provide insight into physiology and disease, but presents formidable challenges. In the present study, we used a technique that does not require target enrichment to analyze alterations in the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of proteins from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Guided by our previous findings, we applied three strategies to further our understanding of the dysregulation of posttranslationally modified proteins. We first identified phosphorylation sites by determining peptide pI shifts using OFFGEL. Second, using tandem mass spectrometry, we determined the ubiquitination status of the proteins using an assay for a trypsin digestion remnant of ubiquitination (Gly-Gly). Third, for large-scale discovery, we quantified the global differences in protein expression. Of the proteins expressed in AD tissue at levels of 2.0 or greater compared with controls, 60 were phosphorylated and 56 were ubiquitinated. Of the proteins expressed at levels of 0.5 or lower compared with controls, 81 were phosphorylated and 56 were ubiquitinated. Approximately 98?% of the phosphopeptides exhibited a pI shift. We identified 112 new phosphorylation sites (51.38?%), and 92 new ubiquitination sites (96.84?%). Taken together, our findings suggest that analysis of the alterations in posttranslationally modified proteins may contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of AD and other diseases.</P>
재발성 카포시수두양발진의 임상적 특징과 유발요인에 대한 분석
배경남 ( Kyung-nam Bae ),김태욱 ( Taewook Kim ),박성민 ( Sungmin Park ),이현주 ( Hyun Joo Lee ),진현주 ( Hyunju Jin ),유향석 ( Hyangsuk You ),심우행 ( Woo-haing Shim ),김건욱 ( Gun-wook Kim ),김훈수 ( Hoon-soo Kim ),고현창 ( Hyun- 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회지 Vol.57 No.9
Background: Kaposi varicelliform eruption (KVE) is a disseminated viral infection primarily caused by the herpes simplex virus in the setting of an underlying chronic skin disease. Few studies have reported the clinical characteristics and predisposing factors for recurrent KVE. Objectives: To characterize the clinical features and predisposing factors for recurrent KVE. Methods: This retrospective comparative study of recurrent vs. single-episode KVE was performed at the Pusan National University Hospital between 2004 and 2017. Results: A total of 84 episodes occurred in 60 patients, and of these, 13 patients developed recurrence (21.7%). No statistically significant intergroup difference was observed in the mean age and sex distribution. The face was the most common site of involvement in both groups, followed by the trunk and the upper and lower extremities. Atopic dermatitis was the most common pre-existing disease in both groups; however, Darier’s disease was more common in the recurrent KVE group, and this difference was statistically significant. Most patients with KVE (66.7%) showed aggravation of the underlying skin disease within 3 months of KVE onset. This finding was more prominent in patients with recurrent episodes (91.7%) than in those with single-episode KVE (58.3%), (p=0.040). Conclusion: This study can contribute to a better understanding of recurrent KVE and guide clinicians in treating patients with conditions predisposing to KVE. (Korean J Dermatol 2019;57(9):519∼526)