A non-ordinary state-based peridynamics formulation for thermoplastic fracture

Amani, J.,Oterkus, E.,Areias, P.,Zi, G.,Nguyen-Thoi, T.,Rabczuk, T. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 International journal of impact engineering Vol.87 No.-

In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) non-ordinary state-based peridynamics (NOSB-PD) formulation for thermomechanical brittle and ductile fracture is presented. The Johnson-Cook (JC) constitutive and damage model is used to taken into account plastic hardening, thermal softening and fracture. The formulation is validated by considering two benchmark examples: 1) The Taylor-bar impact and 2) the Kalthoff-Winkler tests. The results show good agreements between the numerical simulations and the experimental results.

Response Surface Methodology Analysis of Anaerobic Syntrophic Degradation of Volatile Fatty Acids in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactor Inoculated with Enriched Cultures

T. Amani,M. Nosrati,S.M. Mousavi 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.1

Anaerobic oxidation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as the key intermediates is restricted thermodynamically. Presently, enriched acetogenic and methanogenic cultures were used for syntrophic anaerobic digestion of VFAs in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor fed with acetic, propionic, and butyric acids at maximum concentrations of 5.0, 3.0, and 4.0 g/L, respectively. Interactive effects of propionate, butyrate and acetate were analyzed. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) and acetate oxidizing syntrophs and methanogen (hydrogenotrophs) to syntrophic bacteria (propionate- and butyrate-oxidizing bacteria)population ratio (M/A) were investigated as key microbiological and operating variables of VFA anaerobic degradations. M/A did not affect the size distribution and had little effect on extracellular polymer contents of the granules. Granular sludge with close spatial microbial proximity enhanced syntrophic degradation of VFAs compared to other cultures, such as suspended cultures. Optimum conditions were found to be propionate = 1.93 g/L, butyrate =2.15 g/L, acetate = 2.50 g/L, HRT = 22 h, and M/A = 2.5corresponding to maximum VFA removal and biogas production rate. Results of verification experiments and predicted values from fitted correlations were in close agreement at the 95% confidence interval. Granules seemed to be smaller particles and less stable in construction with an irregular fractured surface compared to the original granules.

A Hybrid Neutrosophic GIS-MCDM Method Using a Weighted Combination Approach for Selecting Wind Energy Power Plant Locations: A Case Study of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt

Amany Mohamed Elhosiny,Haitham El-Ghareeb,Bahaa T. Shabana,Ahmed AbouElfetouh 한국지능시스템학회 2021 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.21 No.1

The production and use of wind energy has eased the problems of energy scarcity and environmental pollution. However, the selection of locations for wind power plants is challenging because the associated decision-making process requires political, socio-economic, and environmental considerations. The selection of suboptimal sites has created several negative impacts. This study aims to resolve this issue by implementing the following factors: integrating a qualitative and quantitative multi-criteria decision-making framework for selecting locations for wind power plants; applying the new framework in Sinai Peninsula in Egypt, and investigating the neutrosophic analytic network process for weight assignment through expert-based and entropy-based criteria; choosing four potential alternative wind power plant sites, and using PROMETHEE-TOPSIS to help decision makers find the best possible alternative; and establishing the supremacy of one option over the other. The results indicate that by applying the proposed approach, an appropriate wind power plant location can be successfully selected among various alternatives.

Enhanced extraction of copper and nickel based on the Egyptian Abu Swayeil copper ore

Somia T. Mohamed,Abeer A. Emam,Wael M. Fathy,Amany R. Salem,Amr B. ElDeeb 한국분석과학회 2024 분석과학 Vol.37 No.1

The continuous increasing of the global demand of copper and nickel metals raises the interest indeveloping alternative technologies to produce them from copper sulfide ore. Also, in line with Egypt's vision2030 for achieving the sustainable socioeconomic development which aims at developing alternative and ecofriendlytechnologies for processing the Egyptian ores to produce these strategic products instead of its importing. These metals enhance the advanced electrical and electronic industries. The current work aims at investigatingthe recovery of copper and nickel from Abu Swayeil copper ore using pug leaching technique by sulfuric acid. The factors affecting the pug leaching process including the sulfuric acid concentration, leaching time andtemperature have been investigated. The copper ore sample was characterized chemically using X-rayfluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX). A response surface methodology developsa quadratic model that expects the nickel and copper leaching effectiveness as a function of three controllingfactors involved in the procedure of leaching was also investigated. The obtained results showed that themaximum dissolution efficiency of Ni and Cu are 99.06 % and 95.30%, respectively which was obtained atthe following conditions: 15 % H2SO4 acid concentration for 6 hr. at 250 ℃. The dissolution kinetics of nickeland copper that were examined according to heterogeneous model, indicated that the dissolution rates werecontrolled by surface chemical process during the pug leaching. The activation energy of copper and nickeldissolution were 26.79 kJ.mol−1 and 38.078 kJ.mol−1 respectively; and the surface chemical was proposed asthe leaching rate-controlling step.

Poster Session : PS 0353 ; Epidemiology and Public Health : National Survey for Assessment of Level of Behavioral Development of the General Public about Hepatitis C Virus

( Ammal Mokhtar Metwally ),( Amany T Abdel Hameed ),( Dalia M Elmosalami ),( Amira Mohsen ),( Sherif El Deeb ),( Walaa A Fouad ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Scientifi c research clearly showed that personal health behaviors played a major role in endemicity of Hepatitis, mainly Hepatitis C (HCV) in Egypt. The study was a national survey that focused on identifying the level of behavioral development concerning different aspects of HCV and assessing the dominance of risk practices associated with infection by HCV for deciding which practices can be altered and targeted. Methods: This study was conducted through a project that was supported fi nancially by the Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF), Egypt, Grant No1774, during a period of one year started from November 2012 till November 2013. The national survey was directed to 1200 sampled families with 3780 individuals. The sample was selected from six governorates as representative to the six major subdivisions of Egypt; Urban Governorates, rural and urban Lower Egypt, urban and rural Upper Egypt and the Frontier Governorates Results: Only one fourth of the surveyed groups irrespective to their age group and sex could identify why HCV is considered dangerous reporting that it is a cause of Liver cirrhosis and liver failure. Generally speaking, participants who personally feel at risk were those who developed positive attitudes, those who tried and adopted the recommended safe practices that can prevent HCV infection (50 %), indicating that around half of individuals could participate in behaviors that increase the spread of HCV. Awareness was high (= 75%) as regard to only using previously used syringes, sharing shaving equipment, nail cutter or through needle stick injury as responsible methods for transmission of HCV. Conclusions: finding of the survey will put the corner stone for the development of appropriate and culture sensitive educational and multimedia materials to limit the endemicity of HCV in Egypt.

Synthesis and Pharmacological Screening for Muscle Relaxant, Anticonvulsant, and Sedative Activities of Certain Organic Compounds Produced by Michael Addition

Said , Makarem M.,Ahmed, Amany A. E.,El-Alfy, Abir T. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2004 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.27 No.12

Michael addition of certain nucleophiles on ${\alpha}$ , ${\beta}$-unsaturated ketones 1 led to the formation of adducts 2-7 as well as the reaction of arylidene derivatives with secondary amines afforded the amino compounds 9 and 11. Also, dialkylmalonates were treated with ${\alpha}$-cyano cinnamide to afford 13. On the other hand, double Michael cycloaddition of ethylcyanoacetate or tetrachlorophthalic anhydride to the suitable divinylketone were synthesized to produce 15-17. Selected compounds (13 and 6) were screened for muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, and sedative activities using established pharmacological models. Their activities were compared with that of phenobarbital sodium taken as standard. Compound 6 was the most potent muscle relaxant while compounds 13a and 13c offered the highest anticonvulsant activity. Meanwhile compound 13c showed the highest potentiation of phenobarbital induced sleep in mice.

Three-phase CFD simulation coupled with population balance equations of anaerobic syntrophic acidogenesis and methanogenesis reactions in a continuous stirred bioreactor

H. Azargoshasb,S.M. Mousavi,T. Amani,A. Jafari,M. Nosrati 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.27 No.-

Anaerobic digestion is a sequential complex biochemical process that involves a series of reactions thatare mediated by several different groups of anaerobic microorganisms. In many anaerobic digesters,syntrophic reactions are regarded as steps that limit the rate of the process. This research describes asimulation based on three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with populationbalance equations (PBE) of syntrophic (acetogenesis and methanogenesis) reactions in a continuousstirred reactor. The commercial software FLUENT 6.3 was employed to solve the governing equations. Amodel of Eulerian multiphase and k e turbulence (RNG) was formulated to simulate reaction zonehydrodynamics in the reactor with various influent concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) andhydraulic retention times (HRT). Concentration profiles of VFAs in the three-phase system displayed aheterogeneous flow pattern. Simulation results indicate that VFAs were degraded efficiently and themodel was found to be in good agreement with results of experiments, especially at low concentrationsof influent VFAs.

Investigations on borate glasses within SBC-Bx system for gamma-ray shielding applications

Rammah, Y.S.,Tekin, H.O.,Sriwunkum, C.,Olarinoye, I.,Alalawi, Amani,Al-Buriahi, M.S.,Nutaro, T.,Tonguc, Baris T. Korean Nuclear Society 2021 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.53 No.1

This paper examines gamma-ray shielding properties of SBC-Bx glass system with the chemical composition of 40SiO₂-10B₂O₃-xBaO-(45-x)CaO- yZnO- zMgO (where x = 0, 10, 20, 30, and 35 mol% and y = z = 6 mol%). Mass attenuation coefficient (µ/ρ) which is an essential parameter to study gamma-ray shielding properties was obtained in the photon energy range of 0.015-15 MeV using PHITS Monte Carlo code for the proposed glasses. The obtained results were compared with those calculated by WinXCOM program. Both the values of PHITS code and WinXCOM program were observed in very good agreement. The (µ/ρ values were then used to derive mean free path (MFP), electron density (N_eff), effective atomic number (Z_eff), and half value layer (HVL) for all the glasses involved. Additionally, G-P method was employed to estimate exposure buildup factor (EBF) for each glass in the energy range of 0.015-15 MeV up to penetration depths of 40 mfp. The results reveal that gamma-ray shielding effectiveness of the SBC-Bx glasses evolves with increasing BaO content in the glass sample. Such that SBC-B35 glass has superior shielding capacity against gamma-rays among the studied glasses. Gamma-ray shielding properties of SBC-B35 glass were compared with different conventional shielding materials, commercial glasses, and newly developed HMO glasse. Therefore, the investigated glasses have potential uses in gamma shielding applications.