분묘에서 발굴된 사람뼈로 추정한 조선시대 성인 남성의 키에 대한 연구

박순영(Sunyoung Pak) 대한체질인류학회 2011 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.24 No.4

이 연구에서는 서울과 충남, 전북 등 한반도 중남부 지역에서 발굴된 사람뼈를 이용하여 조선시대 성인 남성의 평균 키를 추정하였다. 이 연구의 저자에 의해 성인 남성으로 추정된 조선시대 사람뼈 85개체에서 나온 141개의 넙다리뼈 최대길이를 측정한 후 이 측정치에 Trotter와 Gleser(1958)의 몽골로이드 남성 키 추정식을 적용하였다. 먼저 개체별 키 추정치를 얻은 후 개체 추정치 중앙값들의 평균을 연구집단의 추정 평균 키로 채택하였다. 연구대상 집단의 넙다리뼈 최대길이 측정치의 평균은 좌측이 427.05 mm, 우측이 427.91 mm였으며, 평균 키는 164.49 cm로 추정되었다. 분묘형식에 따라 피장자들의 사회경제적 지위가 달랐을 가능성이 있으므로 사대부 묘제로 추정되고 있는 회묘 출토자와 평민의 묘제로 추정되고 있는 토광묘 출토자를 구분하여 검토하였다. 전체 토광묘 출토자들의 평균 키 추정치는 164.09 cm였고 은평지역 토광묘 출토자들의 평균 키 추정치는 163.19 cm 였다. 토광묘 출토자들은 사회경제적으로 평민에 속했으므로 이 추정치가 조선시대 평민 젊은이들의 평균 키에 가까웠을 것으로 일단 생각해 볼 수 있다. 전체 회묘 출토자들의 평균 키 추정치는 164.55 cm였고 은평지역 회묘 출토자 평균 키 추정치는 164.71 cm로서 해당 토광묘 출토자 집단에 비해 각기 0.46 cm와 1.52 cm 큰 것으로 나타났다 이 연구에서 추정된 조선 중남부 지방 출신(대개가 중부지방 출신) 전체 성인 남성 평균 키 164.49 cm(모든 묘제 출토자) 그리고 평민 성인 남성의 평균 키 163.19 cm(은평 토광묘 출토자) 또는 164.09 cm (전체 토광묘 출토자)를 19세기 말, 20세기 초에 보고된 중부 조선인의 키와 비교했을 때 조선시대 사람뼈로 추정한 키가 작지 않거나 다소 큰 경향이 있었다. An average height of adult males of Joseon period was estimated by utilizing excavated skeletal remains of the era. The height estimation formula for Mongoloid males by Trotter and Gleser (1958) was applied to the maximum femur lengths from 85 individuals" skeletal remains identified as grown-up males by the author of this paper. Individual estimations were obtained first, and then the mean of the central numbers of the individual estimations was taken as the group average. The average height of the 85 individuals was estimated 164.49 cm. When the sample was divided by the burial type, a presumed indicator of the socioeconomic status of the buried, those buried in the lime-mortar type burials were generally taller than those buried in the earth-pit type burials. When the Eunpyeong site was examined separately, those excavated from the earth-pit type burials were shorter about 1.5 cm than those excavated from the lime-mortar type burials. Because it is presumed that the earth-pit type burials were mostly used by commoners during the Joseon period, the mean height of the adult males from the earth-pit type burials can be considered as a mean height of adult male commoners of the era. The mean height of those from the earth-pit type burials was 164.09 cm when the total sample was analyzed and l63.19 cm when only those from Eunpyeong were analyzed. When estimated from skeletal remains, the adult Korean male commoners from middle and southern Korea of Joseon period were as tall as or a little taller than those adult Korean males from middle Korea measured by Westerners or Japanese in the late 19<SUP>th</SUP> and early 20<SUP>th</SUP> centuries.

조선 중ㆍ후기 사람들의 연령별, 분묘형식별, 사망연령별 치아 선형 에나멜 형성부전증 발생 양상

박순영(Sunyoung Pak),우은진(Eun Jin Woo),정양승(Yang Seung Jeong),조길환(Gil Hwan Cho) 대한체질인류학회 2011 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.24 No.3

본 연구에서는 은평지역 분묘군 인골집단을 대상으로 대표적인 발달 스트레스 지표로서 많은 연구에서 이용되어온 영구치 선형 에나멜 형성부전증(LEH)의 발생 양상을 조사하여, 조선시대 중기에서 후기 사이에 서울에 거주했던 사람들이 유아기에 경험한 발달 스트레스의 양상을 파악하고자 하였다. 은평 뉴타운 건설을 계기로 발굴된 은평 분묘군 출토 인골개체 가운데서 영구치의 앞니부위 치아 중 최소한 한 개 이상이 남아 있으면서 LEH의 발생유무를 확인하는 것이 가능한 160개체를 본 연구의 분석대상으로 삼았다. 먼저 분묘군의 조성연대, 개체별 성, 사망연령, 분묘형식에 대한 정보를 얻은 후 각 치아별로 LEH의 발생유무, 발생개수를 조사하여 치아유형별 LEH의 발생률과 발생개수, 성별 LEH 발생개수, 분묘형식별 LEH 발생개수, 사망연령과 LEH 발생개수의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 치아별로는 아래턱 좌ㆍ우 송곳니, 위턱 좌ㆍ우 송곳니, 위턱 좌ㆍ우 안쪽앞니의 순서로 LEH의 발생률이 높고 치아당 발생개수도 많았다. 성별차이는 일관성이 없었고 뚜렷하지도 않았다. 분묘형식별 LEH 발생 양상의 차이는 뚜렷하지는 않았으나 대체적으로 토광묘 피장자들이 회묘 피장자들에 비해 높은 빈도의 LEH를 보여주는 경향이 있었다. 사망연령과 LEH 발생개수 사이에는 분명한 패턴이 나타나지 않았다. 유일하게 아래턱 좌측 가쪽앞니에서만 LEH 발생개수와 사망연령 사이에 음의 상관관계가 나타나 LEH를 많이 가진 개체일수록 조기 사망한 경향을 보여주었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 결과를 세계 각 곳에서 조사된 연구 결과들과 비교하여 고찰하고 본 연구 결과의 의미를 검토하였다. 본 연구는 국내 고인골을 대상으로 치아에서 나타나는 성장기의 발달 스트레스 지표를 분석한 최초의 시도라는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다. Dental linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is probably one of the most widely used developmental stress indicators among all known skeletal stress indicators. This research examined LEH on the permanent anterior teeth of 160 human skeletal remains from the Joseon Dynasty period. The purpose of this investigation is to understand the characteristics of the developmental stresses experienced by the people of the Joseon period by analyzing the patterns of LEH incidences. The skeletal remains analyzed for this research were excavated during an archaeological investigation at a construction site in Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul, South Korea. Eunpyeong site is estimated to date from the late 15<SUP>th</SUP> century to the late 19<SUP>th</SUP> century based on the burial type and goods discovered within the graves. Of all the skeletal remains found at this site, 160 individual specimens with at least one of the permanent anterior teeth constituted the sample of the study. Information regarding each individual specimen’s sex, age at death, and burial type was collected by the standardized methods. The prevalence and number of LEH by tooth type, and the number of LEH by sex, by burial type, and by age at death were analyzed. Mandibular canines were the most frequently affected teeth, maxillary canines coming next in the occurrence of LEH, and the third turned out to be the maxillary incisors. This result generally agrees with the findings from previous studies. When number of LEH by sex was compared, there was no consistent difference by sex which also agrees with the findings of previous studies. Although specimens from lime-mortar burials tended to have less number of LEH then those from earth-pit burials, a probable indication of the socioeconomic status effect on the formation of LEH, the result was not very pronounced. No obvious association between the number of LEH and age at death was found, either. Finally the results from this study were compared with those reported by other researches on LEH worldwide. Although preliminary in its level of analysis, this study is the first report of the patterns of LEH of a skeletal population of Korea. With more studies of human skeletal remains from the past, it is hoped, physical anthropology can contribute to the understanding of the past life of the Korean people.

병원 모바일 앱 서비스 품질이 소비자 만족, 관여도, 재이용 의도에 미치는 영향

박선영 ( Sunyoung Pak ),조나은 ( Na-eun Cho ) 한국병원경영학회 2021 병원경영학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to identify the influence of the hospital mobile app service quality on consumer satisfaction, involvement, and re-use intention of consumers who have experience in hospital mobile app service. Methodology: The survey was conducted on 230 users. The collected data were analyzed using correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and the Process Model in Hayes(2013). Findings: (1)The usability, reliability, and medical information provision among the service quality factors of hospital mobile apps had an effect on reuse intention, and consumer satisfaction partially mediated. (2)The usability and the provision of medical information were partially mediated by the involvement, which also affected the intention to reuse. (3)Only reliability showed an age-moderated effect. In reliability and re-use intent, age was a moderated mediating effect that controlled the effect of consumer satisfaction. Practical Implications: The results of this study provide initial data of mobile app services centered on hospitals and prove the type of consumer usage. It suggests that it can be used to attract potential consumers of hospitals and strategies to increase the use of mobile apps.

중국 체류 북한 어린이의 성장발육 상태 연구

박순영 서울대학교 사회과학연구원 2000 비교문화연구 Vol.6 No.2

This paper is an assessment of the growth status of 55 North Korean refugee children 3 to 18 years old residing in Sino-North Korean border area.They were measured during the visits made from July 26, 1999 to August 5, 1999 and from January 21, 2000 to January 28, 2000.The growth status was assessed by comparing refugee children's height and weight to both NCHS reference curve and South Korean means.The raw data on weights and heights were converted into anthropometric indices(Z-scores of weight-for-age, height-for-age, and Weight-for height) relative to NCHS reference values.Most of the children have Z-scores of below -2 for height(mean HAZ : -2.63) and between -2 and -1 for weight(mean WAZ : -1.81).The percentage of the children who are retarded in height(% < -2 HAZ : 70.9) is much higher than that of those retarded in weight(% < -2 WAZ : 27.3).These children are more stunted than underweighted.The height and weight of the North Korean refugee children are compared to the means of the South Korean children of 1997 reported by Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science.The subjected North Korean refugee children are 3.6cm to 24.2cm shorter and weigh 0.1kg to 18.9kg less than the South Korean peer.The difference in height has a tendency to increase in adolescence.

영양 수준의 향상에 따른 신장 성적이형성의 변화 : 탈북자 자료를 이용한 남북한 비교연구

박순영(Pak,Sunyoung) 韓國營養學會 2011 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.44 No.2

We tested the hypothesis that an improved nutritional environment increases the size of stature sexual dimorphism (SSD) by comparing mean height changes in North and South Korean adults. For the first round of sampling, those North Korean refugees who had reached the age of 20 years before leaving North Korea were selected for the study. Then, two birth-year cohorts born between 1955 and 1959 and between 1980 and 1984 were finally selected for the analysis (383 males and 529 females). North Korean refugee mean height data were compared to the mean height of the comparable South Korean population derived from 2004 Korean size results (373 males and 429 females). The results of the analysis showed that there was no increase in mean height among the refugees, either in males or females, between the two birthyear cohorts. As a result, no change in SSD was observed between the two birth-year cohorts. In contrast, South Koreans showed a remarkable increase in height, with males having a greater increase during the corresponding 25 years. Consequently, South Korean SSD increased significantly with time. These results support the hypothesis that improved nutritional quality increases SSD. (Korean J Nutr 2011; 44(2): 162 ~ 170)

Evolutionary Model of Depression as an Adaptation for Blocked Social Mobility

Park, Hanson,Pak, Sunyoung The Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry 2022 생물정신의학 Vol.29 No.1

Objectives In regard to the social competition hypothesis, depression is viewed as an involuntary defeat strategy. A previous study has demonstrated that adaptation in microenvironments can result in a wide range of behavioural patterns including defense activation disorders. Using a simulation model with evolutionary ecological agents, we explore how the fitness of various defence activation traits has changed over time in different environments with high and low social mobility. Methods The Evolutionary Ecological Model of Defence Activation Disorder, which is based on the Marginal Value Theorem, was used to examine changes in relative fitness for individuals with defensive activation disorders after adjusting for social mobility. Results Our study examined the effects of social mobility on fitness by varying the d-values, a measure of depression in the model. With a decline in social mobility, the level of fitness of individuals with high levels of defense activation decreased. We gained insight into the evolutionary influence of varying levels of social mobility on individuals' degrees of depression. In the context of a highly stratified society, the results support a mismatch hypothesis which states that high levels of defence are detrimental. Conclusions Despite the fact that niche specialization in habitats composed of multiple microenvironments can result in diverse levels of defensive activation being evolutionary strategies for stability, decreased social mobility may lead to a decrease in fitness of individuals with highly activated defence modules. There may be a reason behind the epidemic of depression in modern society.

The Relationship between the Two Types of Vertebral Degenerative Joint Disease in a Joseon Dynasty Population, Korea

Eun-Jin Woo,Sunyoung Pak 대한체질인류학회 2012 대한체질인류학회 학술대회 연제 초록 Vol.55 No.-

Aspects of the attrition of the first molar in a Joseon population excavated from South Korea

Chae-Lin Jeon,Eun Jin Woo,Sunyoung Pak 대한체질인류학회 2019 대한체질인류학회 학술대회 연제 초록 Vol.62 No.-

한국 병적기록표 데이터베이스의 구축과 활용

이철희(Chulhee Lee),도민영(Minyoung Do),박순영(Sunyoung Pak),홍두승(DooSeung Hong) 서울대학교 경제연구소 2016 經濟論集 Vol.55 No.1

이 논문은 병무청 병적기록표 자료의 성격과 최근 이루어진 이 자료의 데이터베이스 구축 내용을 소개함으로써 이 자료의 활용 및 유사한 자료의 수집과 관련된 시사 점을 제공하였다. 또한 이 데이터에 포함된 주요 변수를 이용하여 1946년부터 1957 년까지 출생한 남성의 개인적인 특성을 개관하고 자료의 활용가능성을 모색하였다. 한국의 병무기록은 장기간에 걸쳐 축적된 행정자료로서 정확성과 대표성이 높으며, 특히 개인별 마이크로 자료가 본격적으로 생산되기 이전 시기의 개인의 사회경제적 특성과 후생상태를 연구하는데 있어서 유용성이 큰 자료로 평가된다. 이번 데이터베이스 구축에서 제외된 1957년 이후 출생자 표본을 추가하고 군복무 기록에 대한 전산입력이 이루어지면 자료의 유용성이 더욱 높아질 것으로 기대된다. This paper introduces the primary features of Korean military records kept in the Military Manpower Administration and the database recently constructed from the records, which provides information related to the utilization of the data and collections of similar sources. This article also investigates secular changes in personal characteristics of male cohorts born between 1946 and 1957 using a number of key variables contained in the data, which demonstrates how the data can be utilized. As government administrative data accumulated over a prolonged period, the Korean military records are relatively accurate and representative. These sources are particularly useful for studying socioeconomic characteristics and wellbeing of individuals in the periods for which individual-level micro data are available. Collecting samples of the cohorts born after 1957 and inputting service records into machine-readable form are expected to enhance the value of the data.

역학적 스트레스 반영 뼈대지표를 이용한 연구의 한계와 가능성에 대한 재고

우은진(Eun Jin Woo),박순영(Sunyoung Pak) 대한체질인류학회 2012 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.25 No.3

생물인류학자들은 역학적 스트레스에 대해 반응하고 적응하는 뼈의 형태를 통해 과거 집단의 삶을 복원하고자 한다. 이러한 연구에서 자주 이용되는 지표는 퇴행성 관절 질환과 근부착부위 뼈대변형으로, 1960년대부터 두 지표의 발현양상을 중심으로 특정 행위유형에 대한 유추 및 생계경제 패턴에 대한 연구가 진행되었다. 최근에는 사회 복잡성과 역사적 경험, 불평등 구조 등 사회적 맥락 안에서 지표의 발현양상을 해석하고자 하는 연구도 이루어지고 있다. 각각의 지표 자체는 개체의 성과 나이와 같은 생물적 속성뿐 아니라 집단의 사회문화적 환경에 의해서도 다르게 발현되기 때문에 해석상의 주의가 요구된다. 즉 이러한 지표를 행위복원 연구에 이용하기 위해서는, 아직까지 과거 사회의 노동 및 일상에 대한 이해가 충분하지 않다는 사실과 더불어, 지표의 발현에 영향을 미치는 요인들이 다양하다는 점에 주의해야 한다. 이러한 맥락에서 행위와 뼈대 변형의 특징을 보다 객관적으로 이해하기 위해서는 임상 의학과 운동역학 분야의 연구결과를 반드시 고려해야 할 것이며 다른 뼈대지표들을 함께 사용하는 것도 결과의 신뢰도를 높이는 방법이 된다. 그러나 보다 신뢰할만한 결과를 얻기 위해서는 무엇보다도 지표에서 나타나는 형태적 특징이 특정 행위와 관련되었음을 입증하는 작업이 선행되어야 한다. 이러한 측면에서 한 집단의 행위복원 연구에 빈번하게 사용되는 퇴행성 관절 질환과 근부착부위 뼈대변형의 형태적 특징이 신체 행위와 관련된 역학적 스트레스의 결과인지 검증하는 작업은 매우 중요하다. 궁극적으로 이 연구는 뼈대의 형태적 특징과 역학적 스트레스의 관계를 이해하고 집단 차원의 행위복원 연구에서 이러한 지표들을 어떻게 이용하는 것이 적절한지에 대한 논의에 기여할 수 있다. The reconstruction of activity and of work patterns has been approached by examinations of activityrelated skeletal markers. Among several different methods, in particular, a number of anthropologists have widely applied the patterns of enthesopathies and degenerative joint disease in studies of past activity. The purpose of this study is to better understand and use these indicators in reconstructing the levels of physical activities of past populations. This review will provide information on the most recent anthropological research on the behavioral interpretation on degenerative joint disease and enthesopathies, to better use these indicators in understanding past populations. There are obvious limitations in using these markers, and it is necessary to consider them. Firstly, it is uncertain as to whether there are certain activities that are performed repetitively throughout their lives of those who lived in past civilizations. A second limitation involves the etiology of skeletal markers related to mechanical stress. There are multiple-factors, including genetic predisposition, sex, the aging process, and diet that may affect the way people practice a specific activity. Accordingly, this makes it difficult to evaluate the underlying etiological factors and their roles in activity-related skeletal changes. In conclusion, to circumvent these limitations, the use of multiple skeletal markers together in studies of the activities of past populations may enable to more reliable interpretations. However, to ensure more reliable interpretations, the validity of such combinations of makers should be challenged. Therefore, more work on the validity of activity-related markers is needed to clarify the activities that are responsible for the development in life of the features observable in skeletal populations. This type of research can contribute to the discussion of the use of activity-related skeletal markers in studies of behavioral interpretations with more certainty regarding which morphological characteristics are responses to physical activity and mechanical loading as the pathogenesis of such characteristics.