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변순용 ( Byun Sun-yong ),황기연 ( Hwang Kee-yeon ),임이정 ( Im I-jeong ) 한국윤리학회(구 한국국민윤리학회) 2018 倫理硏究 Vol.123 No.1
이 글의 목적은 윤리적 자율주행자동차 디자인의 가장 큰 원칙에 해당되는 자율주행자동차를 위한 윤리적인 가이드라인을 작성하는데 있다. 그래서 자율주행자동차 윤리 문제에 대한 다양한 논의를 소개하고 이를 기반으로 자율주행자동차 윤리 가이드라인 제정의 필요성을 도출하였다. 실제로 독일과 미국에서 제정한 자율주행자동차 윤리가이드라인 사례를 분석하여 자율주행자동차로 인한 윤리문제를 실제적으로는 국가별로 어떻게 대응하고 있는지 파악하였다. 그리고 한국형 윤리가이드라인의 초안을 제시하기 위해 한국인들의 의식조사를 실시하였고, 이를 바탕으로 자율주행자동차의 한국적 윤리가이드라인의 기본 틀과 포함될 핵심 요소를 기초로 하여 우리나라 자율주행자동차 윤리가이드라인 초안을 이 연구의 주요 결론으로 제시하였다. The purpose of this article is to propose ethical guidelines for autonomous vehicles, which are the greatest principles of ethical autonomous vehicle design. Through this study, various discussions on autonomous car ethics were introduced in this article and the necessity of establishing autonomous car ethics guidelines was derived. By analyzing the autonomous driving ethics guideline established in Germany and the United States, we have explained how to deal with ethical problems caused by autonomous driving cars in practice in these countries. We have made a survey of Koreans' consciousness in order to present a draft of the Korean ethics guidelines. Based on this, the basic framework of the Korean ethical guideline and the key elements to be included in the autonomous driving car were extracted, and the draft version of the korean autonomous vehicles ethics guideline was presented as the main conclusion of this study.
Microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of CuInSe2 chalcopyrites.
Lee, Ji Sun,Suryanarayana, I,Lee, Hye-Young,Hwang, Young Kyu,Chang, Jong-San American Scientific Publishers 2010 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.10 No.1
<P>Chalcopyrite, CuInSe2 was prepared by a fast microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis. The influence of reaction temperature, concentrations of the constituents, types of copper salts and added solvent on the morphology and crystallinity of the chalcopyrite has been investigated and also the optimized parameters are presented. The optimum crystallinity was obtained at 180 degrees C reaction temperature with 0.02 M of copper ion concentration. Interestingly, when the copper acetate was used as a copper source, particle size of chalcopyrite was dramatically reduced. Moreover, the synthesis at 1L scale of the reactants gave the particle size of 20 nm for CuInSe2 which is smaller than that of small scale synthesis (23-35 nm). XRD, SEM and Raman Spectroscopy techniques are used for characterization and evaluation of the morphology of the chalcopyrite.</P>
Choi, Beom K.,Hwang, Sun H.,Kim, Yu I.,Singh, Rohit,Kwon, Byoung S. Elsevier 2019 Cytokine Vol.113 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The Hyaluronic Acid-rich Node and Duct System (HAR-NDS or NDS), Primo Vascular System (PVS) or Bonghan System (BHS), is thought to be a third circulatory system independent of the blood and lymphatic systems and a structure of connected nodes and ducts. Although it seems to be part of the immune system as it is enriched with cells of innate immunity, little is known about its immunological roles. We performed cellular profiling and secretome analysis of NDS in a steady state and under TLR2- or TLR4-mediated local inflammation, and found that the NDS is pre-dominantly enriched with the myeloid cells, selectively attracts the inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils, has a flexible structure just like the lymph node, and is structured with the fibroblastic reticular cells and reticular network. NDS dominantly harbored the myeloid cells in both steady and activated status, and secreted various types of inflammatory cytokines by proinflammatory stimuli. These results suggest that NDS is the lymphoid structure for the innate immunity and plays an intermediary role in the innate immune cell-mediated local inflammation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> HAR-NDS pre-dominantly enriched with the myeloid cells rather than lymphocytes. </LI> <LI> Inflammatory stimuli produce inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from HAR-NDS. </LI> <LI> Inflammatory stimuli induce the rapid and transient swelling of HAR-NDS. </LI> <LI> HAR-NDS has a flexible structure just like the lymph node. </LI> </UL> </P>