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Acupuncture inhibits liver injury induced by morphine plus acetaminophen through antioxidant system
Lee, Young Joon,Zhao, Rong Jie,Kim, Young Woo,Kang, Su Jin,Lee, Eun Kyung,Kim, Nam Jun,Chang, Suchan,Kim, Jin Mook,Lee, Ji Eun,Ku, Sae Kwang,Lee, Bong Hyo Elsevier 2016 European journal of integrative medicine Vol.8 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Introduction</B></P> <P>Morphine (MP) and acetaminophen (APAP), widely used-pain relievers and antipyretics, are known to induce hepatotoxicity. Acupuncture, a traditional therapy in Asia, is used for various reasons including detoxification. This study aimed to examine whether acupuncture exerts protective effects against MP+APAP-induced hepatic damage.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Male Sprague-Dawley rats received chronic MP, withdrawal, and APAP. Thereafter, blood and liver were taken. Acupuncture was performed once daily. Asparte aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured, and percentages of abnormally decreased-hepatocyte regions, mean liver cell counts, and mean inflammatory cell numbers infiltrated on hepatic parenchyma were examined. In addition, antioxidant effects were evaluated based on liver lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities with the number of immunopositive hepatocytes against nitrotyrosine (NT) as a marker of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) related-oxidative stresses and 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) as a marker of lipid peroxidation.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Significant elevations of AST and ALT were noted of MP or APAP. They also induced an increase in MDA contents as well as decreases in GSH levels and activities of SOD and CAT activity. A centrolobular decrease in hepatocytes along with degenerative changes of hepatocytes were also observed, and increases of NT and 4HNE immunoreactive hepatocytes were shown. These hepatocellular damages were more severe with the combination of MP+APAP. However, these MP+APAP-induced hepatic damages were significantly inhibited by acupuncture.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>This study suggests that acupuncture may have a protective effect against the MP+APAP-induced hepatic damage through the amelioration of antioxidant defense systems.</P>
해양과학기지에서 수행한 염분 표류 방지 실험 결과 및 염분 고품질 시계열 자료 생산을 위한 제언
이재익(Jaeik Lee),이수찬(Suchan Lee),정종민(Jongmin Jeong),민용침(Yongchim Min),정진용(Jin-Yong Jeong),김용선(Yong Sun Kim) 한국연안방재학회 2021 한국연안방재학회지 Vol.8 No.4
The importance of salinity has been highlighted to cope with climate changes and disaster prevention. The salinity of accuracy up to 0.005 is normally required in an open ocean to understand various oceanic and climatic phenomena; however, the reliability of salinity measured on the coast and open seas around Korea was low due to the lack of a standardized observation system and post-processing of quality verification. Korea Ocean Research Stations (KORS) has been producing salinity time series since 2003 through the Aanderaa conductivity-temperature (CT) 3919 inductive sensors, which have an advantage of on-site maintenance but tend to drift toward a lower conductivity because of biological attachments to the sensor. This study applied copper taping and UV light exposure techniques to the sensors and then compared its salinity measurements with RBR CTD mooring observations and SeaBird19 CTD profiles to assess a biofouling effect on salinity observations. This experiment shows that the salinity from the CT sensor without biofouling prevention starts to drift in a week, particularly for a surface sensor. This biofouling induced the decrease of salinity up to 10 in a month. The copper taping methodology efficiently suppressed the biological attachment but disturbed an electromagnetic field around the sensor, thus resulting in unrealistic salinity values. When UV light was periodically exposed at a distance of about 5 cm away from the CT sensor, relatively stable salinity could be observed without significant drift at least in two months. Besides, the SBE37 CTD, an electrode-type sensor, seems to be relatively free from biofouling but has difficulties in sensor maintenance and a sensor calibration process. Our results underline a double installation of salinity observation equipment with UV light exposure. In addition, the pre-calibration of a CT(D) sensor and post-verification should be included in a standard procedure for high-quality salinity measurement.
Jin, Wyju,Kim, Min Sun,Jang, Eun Young,Lee, Jun Yeon,Lee, Jin Gyeom,Kim, Hong Yu,Yoon, Seong Shoon,Lee, Bong Hyo,Chang, Suchan,Kim, Jae Hyo,Choi, Kwang H.,Koo, Ho,Gwak, Young Seob,Steffensen, Scott C. Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2018 Addiction Biology Vol.23 No.1
<P>There is growing public interest in alternative approaches to addiction treatment and scientific interest in elucidating the neurobiological underpinnings of acupuncture. Our previous studies showed that acupuncture at a specific Shenmen (HT7) points reduced dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) induced by drugs of abuse. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of HT7 acupuncture on.-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neuronal activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. Using microdialysis and in vivo single-unit electrophysiology, we evaluated the effects of HT7 acupuncture on VTA GABA and NAc DA release and VTA GABA neuronal activity in rats. Using a within-session reinstatement paradigm in rats self-administering cocaine, we evaluated the effects of HT7 stimulation on cocaine-primed reinstatement. Acupuncture at HT7 significantly reduced cocaine suppression of GABA release and GABA neuron firing rates in the VTA. HT7 acupuncture attenuated cocaine-primed reinstatement, which was blocked by VTA infusions of the selective GABA(B) receptor antagonist 2-hydroxysaclofen. HT7 stimulation significantly decreased acute cocaine-induced DA release in the NAc, which was also blocked by 2-hydroxysaclofen. HT7 acupuncture also attenuated cocaine-induced sensitization of extracellular DA levels in the NAc. Moreover, HT7 acupuncture reduced both locomotor activity and neuronal activation in the NAc induced by acute cocaine in a needle-penetration depth-dependent fashion. These results suggest that acupuncturemay suppress cocaine-induced DA release in the NAc and cocaine-seeking behavior through activation of VTA GABA neurons. Acupuncture may be an effective therapy to reduce cocaine relapse by enhancing GABAergic inhibition in the VTA.</P>
Epiretinal Proliferation Associated with Macular Hole and Intraoperative Perifoveal Crown Phenomenon
손지성,이지신,Suchan Lee,Joon Hong Sohn 대한안과학회 2016 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.30 No.6
Purpose: To discuss the unique morphology and origin of epiretinal proliferation associated with macular hole(EPMH) occasionally observed in full-thickness macular hole (FT-MH) or lamellar hole (LH) and to introducethe perifoveal crown phenomenon encountered when removing this unusual proliferative tissue. Methods: Sixteen patients showing EPMH in spectral domain-optical coherence tomography were selectedfrom 212 patients diagnosed with MH, LH, FT-MH, impending MH, macular pseudohole, or epiretinal membranebetween January 2013 and December 2014. Of the 212 patients included for clinical analysis, 33, 23, 11,7, and 190 exhibited LH, FT-MH, impending MH, macular pseudohole, and epiretinal membrane, respectively. We reviewed visual acuity, macular morphology, and clinical course. Surgical specimens were analyzed histologically. Results: EPMH presented as an amorphous proliferation starting from the defective inner/outer segment (IS/OS)junction covering the inner macula surface. Among the 16 patients with EPMH, 11 underwent vitrectomy, andall exhibited the intraoperative perifoveal crown phenomenon. EPMH tissue was sampled in three patients,one of whom had more tissue removed than intended and showed delayed recovery in visual acuity. Despitehole closure, IS/OS junction integrity was not successfully restored in four of 11 patients. Five patients werefollowed-up without surgical intervention. Visual acuity slightly decreased in three patients and did not changein one patient, while the remaining patient was lost during follow-up. Among the three perifoveal crown tissuesobtained, two were successfully analyzed histologically. Neither tissue showed positivity to synaptophysin orS-100 protein, but one showed positivity to cytokeratin protein immunohistochemical staining. Conclusions: EPMH exhibited a distinct but common configuration in spectral domain-optical coherence tomography. An epithelial proliferation origin is plausible based on its configuration and histological analysis. Perifoveal crown phenomenon was observed when removing EPMH during vitrectomy.
혐오적 상황에 따른 쥐의 초음파 발성에 관한 문헌적 고찰
김다혜 ( Da Hye Kim ),장수찬 ( Suchan Chang ),이봉효 ( Bong-hyo Lee ),김희영 ( Hee Young Kim ) 대구한의대학교 제한동의학술원 2016 東西醫學 Vol.41 No.3
Objectives:Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) may present the emotional states in rats. Especially, 22kHz USVs have been elicited in negative emotion and aversive state. In this paper reviews previous studies concerned about the correlation between 22kHz Ultrasonic vocalization and various aversive states. Methods:We searched several previous literatures, research and review articles including keywords of ‘ultrasonic vocalization’ , ‘drug’ , ‘withdrawal’ or ‘pain’ in Pubmed and reviewed. Results and Conclusions: 1. In the 8 papers reviewed in this paper, recognized experimental rat produced 22-kHz USV calls in the followed 3 different aversive condition. 2. Rats produced 22-kHz USV calls in the withdrawal of drug, fear conditioning and chronic pain. The 22-kHz USV calls divided two different patterns which short and long 22-kHz USVs in the withdrawal of drug. Moreover rats appeared 22-kHz USV calls with the anxiety and depressive like behavior in the aversive condition.