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W. Greg Miller,Gary L. Myers,Mary Lou Gantzer,Stephen E. Kahn,E. Ralf Schönbrunner,Linda M. Thienpont,David M. Bunk,Robert H. Christenson,John H. Eckfeldt,Stanley F. Lo,C. Micha Nübling,Catharine M. S 대한진단검사의학회 2012 Laboratory Medicine Online Vol.2 No.1
Results between different clinical laboratory measurement procedures (CLMP) should be equivalent, within clinically meaningful limits, to enable optimal use of clinical guidelines for disease diagnosis and patient management. When laboratory test results are neither standardized nor harmonized, a different numeric result may be obtained for the same clinical sample. Unfortunately, some guidelines are based on test results from a specific laboratory measurement procedure without consideration of the possibility or likelihood of differences between various procedures. When this happens, aggregation of data from different clinical research investigations and development of appropriate clinical practice guidelines will be flawed. A lack of recognition that results are neither standardized nor harmonized may lead to erroneous clinical, financial, regulatory, or technical decisions. Standardization of CLMPs has been accomplished for several measurands for which primary (pure substance) reference materials exist and/or reference measurement procedures (RMPs) have been developed. However, the harmonization of clinical laboratory procedures for measurands that do not have RMPs has been problematic owing to inadequate definition of the measurand, inadequate analytical specificity for the measurand,inadequate attention to the commutability of reference materials, and lack of a systematic approach for harmonization. To address these problems,an infrastructure must be developed to enable a systematic approach for identification and prioritization of measurands to be harmonized on the basis of clinical importance and technical feasibility, and for management of the technical implementation of a harmonization process for a specific measurand.
PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN BANKS: THE CASE OF KOREA AND THE ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS
전용일,Stephen M. Miller 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2005 Global economic review Vol.34 No.2
This paper examines the performance of banks, domestic and foreign, in Korea before and after the Asian financial crisis, examining how the profitability of those banks differed and identifying factors that explain why those differences existed. The performance of Korean banks deteriorated dramatically in 1998 with most banks recovering somewhat in 1999. Foreign banks did not experience the same negative effect on their performance as a rule. Overall, the domestic Korean banks suffered more severely from the Asian financial crisis than foreign banks. Several possible explanations exist. First, foreign banks, unlike domestic Korean banks, were not subject to credit allocation directives from the Korean government to selected, favored industries. Second, foreign banks, since they relied for governance on the mother bank in the home country, achieved higher efficiency and better asset and liability management. Finally, foreign banks rely more heavily on fee-for-service income rather than loan revenue.
The Effects of Increased Foreign Ownership on Korean Domestic Banks
Insill Yi,Stephen M. Miller,Yongil Jeon 한국경제연구학회 2009 Korea and the World Economy Vol.10 No.1
We use annual banking panel data from 2001 to 2006 to examine the effects of foreign ownership on Korean domestic banks’ performance in four areas of loan market behavior, management efficiency, transmission of advanced financial techniques, and profitability. Several conclusions emerge. First, increases in foreign bank ownership do not directly increase loans to large-sized firms. Also, no significant evidence suggests that increased foreign ownership of domestic banks reduces loans to small- and medium-sized firms. Consumer loans significantly increase with the level of foreign ownership. Second, the increase in foreign ownership does not produce statistically significant cost saving, such as more layoffs and shutdowns of branches. Third, we do not find any statistically significant relationship between non-interest income and foreign ownership. We do find that higher foreign holding associates with higher foreign-related activities and lower derivative-related activities, suggesting that foreign investors prefer a more stable and safer bank management, particularly with foreign exchange control, rather than more aggressive management practices, such as derivatives. Finally, we do not discover a statistically significant relationship between foreign ownership and profitability as measured by return on assets (ROA). A statistically significant negative relationship does exist, however, between foreign ownership and return on equity (ROE).
URBAN UNEMPLOYMENT , FOREIGN CAPITAL , AND POLICY INTERVENTION
MICHAEL, MICHAEL S.,MILLER, STEPHEN M. 한국국제경제학회 1994 International Economic Journal Vol.8 No.3
We re-examine the effect of various policy interventions in a developing economy with urban unemployment of the Harris-Todaro type. Our innovations include the introduction of international capital mobility, and the explicit consideration of capital taxes (subsidies). Our findings are compared and contrasted with the Harris-Todaro models with and without intersectoral capital mobility. The introduction of international capital mobility returns the analysis toward the original sector-specific capital Harris-Todaro model, since in both models the manufacturing sector forms a totally independent sub-economy. [F13, F20]