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Malik, Y.P.S.,Chakravarti, S.,Sharma, K.,Vaid, N.,Rajak, K.K.,Balamurugan, V.,Biswas, S.K.,Mondal, B.,Kataria, R.S.,Singh, R.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.7
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the recognition of invading pathogens and the modulation of innate immune responses in mammals. The TLR4 and TLR7 are well known to recognize the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and single stranded (ssRNA) ligands, respectively and play important role in host defense against Gram-negative bacteria and ssRNA viruses. In the present study, coding exon fragments of these two TLRs were identified, cloned, sequenced and analyzed in terms of insertion-deletion polymorphism, within bovine TLRs 4 and 7, thereby facilitating future TLR signaling and association studies relevant to bovine innate immunity. Comparative sequence analysis of TLR 4 exons revealed that this gene is more variable, particularly the coding frame (E3P1), while other parts showed percent identity of 95.7% to 100% at nucleotide and amino acid level, respectivley with other Bos indicus and Bos taurus breeds from different parts of the world. In comparison to TLR4, sequence analysis of TLR7 showed more conservation among different B. indicus and B. taurus breeds, except single point mutation at 324 nucleotide position (AAA to AAM) altering a single amino acid at 108 position (K to X). Percent identity of TLR7 sequences (all 3 exons) was between 99.2% to 100% at nucleotide and amino acid level, when compared with available sequence database of B. indicus and B. taurus. Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool (SMART) analysis showed variations in the exon fragments located in the Leucine Rich Repeat (LRR) region, which is responsible for binding with the microbial associated molecular patterns and further, downstream signaling to initiate anti-microbial response. Considering importance of TLR polymorphism in terms of innate immunity, further research is warranted.
Yashpal S. Malik,Kuldeep Sharma,Nirupama Vaid,Somendu Chakravarti,K. M. Chandrashekar,Sanjay S. Basera,Rashmi Singh,Minakshi,Gaya Prasad,Baldev R. Gulati,Kiren N. Bhilegaonkar,Awadh B. Pandey 대한수의학회 2012 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.13 No.3
The present study describes the genotypic distribution of rotaviruses (RVs) in an Indian bovine population with unexpectedly higher proportions of G3 alone or in combination of G8/G10. PCR-genotyping confirmed that 39.4% (13/33) of the prevalent RVs were the G3 type while 60.6% (20/33) were dual G3G10 or G3G8 types. P typing revealed that 93.9% (31/33) of the samples were P[11] while 6.1% (2/33) possessed a dual P[1]P[11] type. Sequence analysis of the VP7 gene from G3 strains viz. B-46, 0970, and BR-133 showed that these strains had sequence identities of 90.5% to 100% with other bovine G3 strains. The highest identity (98.9% to 100%) was observed with RUBV3 bovine G3 strains from eastern India. The G3 strains (B-46, 0970, and BR-133) showed 97.5% to 98.8% sequence homologies with the Indian equine RV strain Erv-80. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that G3 strains clustered with bovine RUBV3 and J-63, and equine Erv-80 G3. Overall, these results confirmed that the incidence of infection by RVs with the G3 genotype and mixed genotypes in the bovine population was higher than previously predicted. This finding reinforces the importance of constantly monitoring circulating viral strains with the G3 genotype in future surveillance studies.
Progressive failure of symmetric laminates under in-plane shear: Il-Negative shear
Singh, S.B.,Kumar, Ashwini,Iyengar, N.G.R. Techno-Press 1998 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.6 No.7
The objective of the present work is to estimate the strength and failure characteristics of symmetric thin square laminates under negative shear load. Two progressive failure analyses, one using the Hashin criterion and the other using a Tensor polynomial criterion, are used in conjunction with the finite element method. First-order shear-deformation theory along with geometric nonlinearity in the von Karman sense has been incorporated in the finite element modeling. Failure loads, associated maximum transverse displacements, locations and modes of failure including the onset of delamination are discussed in detail; these are found to be quite different from those for the positive sheer load reported in Part I of this study (Singh et al. 1998).
Singh, Rani,Jain, Preeti,Pandey, N.K.,Saxena, V.K.,Saxena, M.,Singh, K.B.,Ahmed, K.A.,Singh, R.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.7
In the present study, the impact of Salmonella Typhimurium on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was investigated in 5 week-old immuno divergent broiler lines selected for the high and low response to phytohemagglutinin-P. The immune response was assessed in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) induced with Salmonella Typhimurium at different time intervals (0 h, 0.5 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h). The differential mRNA expression patterns of IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-2 and iNOS were evaluated by quantitative real time PCR. In-vitro production of nitric oxide (NO) was also estimated in the culture supernatant and correlated with iNOS mRNA expression. Present study showed higher production of NO in the high cell-mediated line (HCMI) as compared to the low cell-mediated line (LCMI) upon stimulation with Salmonella Typhimurium. Correspondingly, higher mRNA expression of iNOS and IFN-${\gamma}$ were observed in high response birds (HCMI); but IL-2 was down regulated in this line compared to the low response birds (LCMI). Significantly (p<0.05) higher expression of iNOS, IFN-${\gamma}$ and higher production of NO in high line indicated that the selection for PHA-P response might be employed for increasing the immune competence against Salmonella Typhimurium in chicken flocks.
B.B. LAL THAKORE,SNEH MATHUR,R.B. SINGH 한국응용곤충학회 1987 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.26 No.2
땅콩녹병과 검은 무늬병을 방제하기 위한 살균제를 선정하기 위하여 실내와 포장에서 실험한 결과 12개 공시약제중 Biloxazole이 상기 두 병해의 동시방제에 효과적이었으며 땅콩 수량도 증진되였다. Out of twelve fungicides evaluated in vitro and in vitro to manage rust and leaf spot diseases: Biloxazole was found to control both the diseases simultaneously and also increased the yield of peanut.
Singh, Vikas Kumar,Upadhyay, Priti,Sinha, Pallavi,Mall, Ashish Kumar,Ellur, Ranjith K.,Singh, Atul,Jaiswal, Sanjay K.,Biradar, Sunil,Ramakrishna, S.,Sundaram, R.M.,Ahmed, Ilyas,Viraktamath, B.C.,Kole, 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.1
A total of six TGMS (thermosensitive genic male sterile lines) and nine pollinator lines were subjected to molecular characterization using 48 genome-wide SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. Cluster analysis revealed clear differentiation among the TGMS lines according to their source of origin. The SSR-based genetic distance between the hybrids of the parental lines ranged from 0.36 to 0.79 suggesting a high degree of genetic divergence. Among a set of 54 hybrids generated using parental lines, 32 showed better parent heterosis (+21.7%) while 19 showed mid-parent heterosis (+15.0%). For the trait yield per plant genetic distance (GD) was negatively correlated with $F_1$ performance (r = -0.202), mid-parent heterosis (r = $-0.325^*$; P < 0.05), and better parent heterosis (r = -0.261), while it was positively correlated with specific combining ability (r = 0.042). Based on the grouped genetic distance (GGD), the hybrid combinations were divided into four groups. The GGD showed linear correlation with hybrid performance within the group (GGD = 40 - 50: r = -0.07; GGD = 70 - 80: r = 0.32). This information can be utilized in the development of higher yielding, two-line rice hybrids through selection of intermediately diverse parental lines using GGD.
Solid gellan gum polymer electrolyte for energy application
Singh, R.,Bhattacharya, B.,Rhee, H.W.,Singh, P.K. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.40 No.30
In this paper a carbohydrate polymer (Phytagel/gellan gum) based solid gel electrolyte synthesis and its application in dye sensitized solar cell is reported. Potassium iodide has been added in Gelrite/Phytagel biopolymer matrix to develop solid gel electrolyte. Complex impedance spectroscopy shows liquid like ionic conductivity, with maximum conductivity 2.5 x 10<SUP>-2</SUP> S cm<SUP>-1</SUP> at 60:40 composition. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) confirms the formation of complex nature while x-ray diffraction (XRD) affirms the composite nature and suppression in crystallinity by salt doping. Polarized microscopy (POM) shows enhancement in amorphousity of gel matrix by salt doping which is a known favourable condition for ionic conductivity enhancement in gel electrolyte system and supported by our XRD data. A dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been fabricated using maximum conductivity which shows with J<SUB>sc</SUB> = 3.2 x 10<SUP>-3</SUP> mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, V<SUB>oc</SUB> = 0.57, FF = 0.90, @? = 1.47 at 1 sun condition.