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Sectional arch technique 및 Continuous arch technique에 의한 치료후 악궁 형태의 변화에 대한 연구
신미라,차경석 단국대학교 치의학연구소 1995 논문집 Vol.7 No.1
This study was carried out in order to ocompare the amount of tooth movement and the arch size and shape following sectional and continuous arch technique treatment. The sample group for this study consists of 24 persons (older than Hellman stage Ⅲc, Angle's classificationⅠ), who received orthodontic treatment with first premolar extraction in both jaw at Orthodontic Department of Dankook Univ. Dental Hospital. They are classified into Sectional arch technique treatment group (GroupⅠ), Continuous arch technique treatment group (Group Ⅱ) according to methods of treatment. Following conclusions were obtained by cephalometric linear measurements and dental arch measurements using pre- and post- treatment lateral cephalograms and plaster study models. 1. Intercanine widths were increased in both jaw of Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ after treatment. The amount of increase in Group Ⅰ was sigmificantly larger than that of Group Ⅱ. 2. Intermolar widths were reduced in both jaw of each groups after treatment. The amount of decrease in Group Ⅱ was significantly larger than that of GroupⅠ. 3. Arch lengths were decreased in both jaw in each group after treatment. Between two groups, no difference was noted before and after treatment. 4. Considering the antero-posterior movement of canine, canine was moved posterioly in both jaw in each group. The amount of canine movement was significantly different in maxilla between two groups. But in mandible, no difference was found between them. 5. Considering the antero-posterior movement of the first molar, the first molar was moved anteriorly in both jaw in each group. But no difference was found between two group.
申東守,安志英,金美羅 國立昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1992 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.3 No.-
5-Bromo-methypent-2-ene(??)를 출발물질로하여 farnesol인(2E, 6E)-3, 7, 11-trimethyldodeca-2, 6, 10-trien-1-ol(??)의 입체선택적 합성을 수행하였다. 5-Bomo-2-methylpent-2-ene (??)을 요오드화 시킨후, 5-lithio-2, 3-dihydrofuran과 반응시켜 5-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-2, 3-dihydrofuran(??)을 얻었다. Dihydrofuran ??를 MeMgI와 Ni(0)-촉매 짝지음 반응시켜 (3E)-4, 8-dimethylnona-3, 7-dien-1-ol(??)을 72%의 수율로 얻었다. 알릴알코올 ??를 4단계를 거쳐 (5E)-6, 10-dimethylundeca-5, 9-dien-2-One(??)으로 변환시켰다. 화합물 ??을 벤젠 용매하에서 dimethylmethoxycarbonylmethylphosphonate와 반응시킨 다음, 에탄올 용매하에서 NaBH₄ 환원시켜서 (2E, 6E)-3, 7, 11-trimethyldodeca-2, 6, 10- trien- 1- ol(??)을 얻었다. Dihydrofuran 4와 MeMgI와의 Ni(0)-촉매 짝지음반웅이 본 연구의 farnsol(??)와 합성에서 중요 단계이다. Stereoselective synthesis of farnesol (2E, 6E) -3, 7, 11-trimethyldodeca-2, 6, 10-tiren-1-o1 (?) , was carried out using 5- bromo-2-methylpent-2-ene (??) as a starting material. After conversion of 5-bromo-2-methyl-pent-2-ene (2) to the corresponding iodide compound, 5-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-2, 3-dihydrofuran(??) was obtained by alkylation of 5-lithio-2, 3-dihydrofuran with 5-iodo-2-methylpent-2-ene. Ni(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction of the dihydrofuran ?? with MeMgI was proceeded to give (3E)-4, 8-dimethylnona-3, 7-dien-1-ol(??) in 72% yield. The resultant homoallylic alcohol ?? was converted to the (5E)-6, 10-dimethylundeca-5, 9-dien-2-one (??) in 4 steps. Compound 8 was condensed with dimethylmethoxycarbnylmethylphosponate in benzene followed by NaBH₄reduction in EtOH to yield (2E, 6E)-3, 7, 11 -trimethyldodeca-2, 6, 10-trien-1-ol(??), Ni(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction of MeMgI with dihydrofuran ?? was a key step in this synthesis of farnesol(??).
Oct4 단백질의 DNA - 결합 영역에 융합된 HIV - 1 integrase
이민전,서진욱,김미라,신차균 中央大學校 遺傳工學硏究所 2002 遺傳工學硏究論集 Vol.15 No.1
Human immunodeficience virus type-1 (HIV-1) integrase (IN) mediates integration of viral DNA into the host cell genome which is an essential step during the life cycle of retroviruses. HIV-1 IN shows four enzymatic activities in vitro: non-specific DNA- binding, endonucleolytic (3'-processing), integration (strand transfer), and disintegration activities. Oct4 as a transcription factor recognizes and binds the specific sequences containing 5' -ATGCAAAT-3'. In order to study the specific binding and enzymatic activities of the integrase protein, we constructed the four different fusion proteins (OctIN1, OctIN2, INKOct1, INKOct1) using different combination of HIV-1 IN and Oct4 protein. The fusion proteins were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni-NTA and SP-sepharose columns. Analysis of the enzymatic activities showed that all the four fusion proteins has detectable endonucleolytic and integration activities, suggesting that the fusion proteins can be used to study derected integration and sequence specific DNA-binding of the integrase fusion protein.
방사선 조사 마우스에서 소장움세포의 Apoptosis 발생에 미치는 생약의 효과
김성호,안미라,나승렬,이종환,김재하,조성기,장종식,신동호 대한방사선 방어학회 2001 방사선방어학회지 Vol.26 No.1
Apoptosis의 유발을 억제하는 한약제를 파악하여 apoptosis와 관련된 정상적 또는 질병에 대한 연구에 자료를 제공하고자 방사선에 의해 유도된 apoptosis를 지표로 한의학적 처방에서 많이 사용되는 대표적 한약제(24종)의 효과를 검증하였다. 용안육, 산조인, 원지, 인삼, 복령, 목향, 천궁, 백작약, 승마, 시호 및 눈꽃동충하초 투여군에서 apoptosis는 감소되었으며, 이들 생약제는 apoptosis와 관련된 질병의 예방 및 치료에 적용할 수 있을 것이다. 추 후 이들 생약의 작용 기전에 대한 연구가 요구된다. This study was performed to determine the effect of several herbs on radiation-induced apoptosis in jejunal crypt cells. Longyanrou(Euphoris longana), Suanzaoren(Zizyphus vulgaris), Yuanzhi(Polygala tenuifolia), Rensan(Panax ginseng), Fuling(Poria cocos), Muxiang(Saussurea lappa), Chuanxiong(Cnidium officinale), Baishaoyao(Paeonia lactifolia), Shengma(Cimicifuga heracleifolia), Chaihu(Bupleurum falcatum) and Dongchongxiacao(Paecilomyces japonica) reduced the frequency of radiation-induced apoptosis(p<0.05). Although the mechanisms of this effect remain to be elucidated, these results indicated that Longyanrou, Suanzaoren, Yuanzhi, Rensan, Fuling, Muxiang, Chuanxiong, Baishaoyao, Shengma, Chaihu and Dongchongxiacao might be useful inhibitors of apoptosis, especially since these are relative nontoxic natural products.
Expression of Gpnmb in NK Cell Development from Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Shin, Na-Ra,Lee, Ji-Won,Lee, Ji-Won,Jeong, Mi-Ra,Kim, Mi-Sun,Lee, Suk-Hyung,Yoon, Suk-Ran,Chung, Jin-Woong,Kim, Tae-Don,Choi, In-Pyo The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2008 Immune Network Vol.8 No.2
Background: Molecular mechanisms of natural killer (NK) cell development from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have not been clearly elucidated, although the roles of some genes in NK cell development have been reported previously. Thus, searching for molecules and genes related NK cell developmental stage is important to understand the molecular events of NK cell development. Methods: From our previous SAGE data-base, Gpnmb (Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B) was selected for further analysis. We confirmed the level of mRNA and protein of Gpnmb through RT-PCR, quantitative PCR, and FACS analysis. Then we performed cell-based ELISA and FACS analysis, to know whether there are some molecules which can bind to Gpnmb. Using neutralizing antibody, we blocked the interaction between NK cells and OP9 cells, and checked IFN-${\gamma}$ production by ELISA kit. Results: Gpnmb expression was elevated during in vitro developmental stage and bound to OP9 cells, but not to NK precursor cells. In addition, we confirmed that the levels of Gpnmb were increased at NK precursor stage in vivo. We confirmed syndecan4 as a candidate of Gpnmb's binding molecule. When the interaction between NK cells and OP9 cells were inhibited in vitro, IFN-${\gamma}$ production from NK cells were reduced. Conclusion: Based on these observations, it is concluded that Gpnmb has a potential role in NK cell development from HSCs.
Shin, Mi-Ra,Choi, Hye-Won,Kim, Myo-Kyung,Lee, Sun-Hee,Lee, Hyoung-Song,Lim, Chun-Kyu The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2011 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.38 No.4
Objective: This study was performed to compare the efficiency of slow freezing and vitrification based on survival, development to blastocysts, and cell numbers of blastocysts. Changes in embryonic gene expression in fresh and frozen-thawed embryos were also examined. Methods: Eight-cell stage embryos were collected from superovulated female BDF1 mice. The collected embryos were randomly divided into three groups. One group was maintained as fresh controls (n=42), one was frozen by slow freezing (n=43), and one was cooled by vitrification (n=43). After thawing or cooling, survival rates, development to blastocyst, and cell numbers and inner cell mass (ICM) cell numbers of blastocysts were compared with those of the control group. The expressions of eight genes ($Rbm3$, $Birc5$, $Sod1$, $Sod2$, $Cirbp$, $Caspase3$, $Trp53$, $Hsp70.1$) were examined by real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the fresh and frozen-thawed embryos. Results: There were no significant differences in the slow freezing and vitrification groups' survival rate after thawing (88.4% vs. 88.4%), development to blastocyst (100% vs. 97.4%), cell numbers ($107.0{\pm}21.0$ vs. $115.0{\pm}19.7$), or ICM cell numbers of blastocysts ($11.3{\pm}5.2$ vs. $11.1{\pm}3.7$). Cell numbers of blastocysts were significantly ($p$ <0.05) lower in the frozen-thawed embryos than the fresh embryos. There were no significant differences in the slow freezing and the vitrification groups' expressions of the eight genes. The expressions of $CirbP$ and $Hsp70.1$ were higher in the frozen-thawed embryos than in the fresh embryos but there were no significant differences. Conclusion: These results suggest that there were no significant differences between embryos that underwent slow freezing and vitrification.