한국어 한자어 접미사와 중국어 類後綴의 대조 연구

沈娜(Shen, Na) 중앙어문학회 2020 語文論集 Vol.82 No.-

이 글은 주로 한국어 한자어 접미사와 중국어 類後綴을 대상으로 의미·형태적으로 비교하는 것이다. 한국어 한자어 접사는 단어나 단어의 중심부에 붙는 부가적인 특성을 중요시하는 반면에 중국어의 詞綴은 意味虛化의 특성을 중점적으로 여긴다. 따라서 중국어에서 전형적인 詞綴의 수효가 많지 않아서 ‘類詞綴’이라는 개념을 설정하는 경우가 일반적이다. 의미적으로 한국어 한자어 접미사를 중국어 後綴과 비교하면 거의 유사점이 없는 것이다. 이러한 실정으로 중국어의 後綴과 類後綴의 개념을 구별하여 논의해야 하는 입장에서 의미·형태적으로 한국어 한자어 접미사를 중국어 ‘類後綴’과 대응하여 비교하는 것이 더 타당하다고 여긴다. 여기서는 이런 관점을 출발점으로 삼아, 한국어 한자어 접미사와 중국어 類後綴을 비교 대상으로 선정하여 의미·형태 측면에서 살펴봤다. 그 결과는 의미적으로 보면, 한·중에서 모두 쓰이는 18개의 접미사들을 의미 유사성에 따라 동형동의, 부분 동형동의 두 가지 부류로 나눌 수 있다. 동형동의 접미사로는 ‘-性’, ‘-化’, ‘-學’, ‘-界’, ‘-師’, ‘-觀’, ‘-型’, ‘-別’, ‘-族’, ‘長’ 등이 있다. 부분 동형동의 접미사로는 ‘-家’, ‘-者’, ‘-員’, ‘-論’, ‘-式’, ‘-手’, ‘-徒’, ‘-子’ 등이 있다. 형태적으로 보면, 주로 접미사와 결합할 수 있는 어기의 단어 부류, 또는 형성되는 파생어의 품사 속성에서 차이가 나타난다. 이런 차이는 한·중 두 언어에서의 품사 분류, 어휘 핵의 위치 등 다양한 요인들과 관련이 있다. This paper makes a comparative analysis of Korean suffix and Chinese quasi-affix in meaning and form. Korean suffix mainly emphasizes the adhesion to the central part of the word or the meaning of the word, and Chinese suffix emphasizes the fuzzification of affix meaning. Therefore, typical affixes of contemporary Chinese are less in quantity, and most are not particularly active this is generally defined as the concept of quasi-affix. We found that previous research treats Chinese suffixes and quasi-affixes equally; however, Chinese suffixes and quasi-affix are different in concept. In our study, then, we have classified Chinese suffixes and quasi-suffixes by concept, finding that Chinese quasi-affixes are conceptually closer to Korean suffixes. Consequently, we compared Korean suffixes and Chinese quasi-affixes. Through comparison and analysis, we determined that Korean and Chinese have 18 identical suffixes, whose similarity of meaning can be divided into synonymy and partial synonymy. From a morphological viewpoint, we also noted that the lexical class of bases joined by suffix is different, and that derivative words formed by connecting affixes represent different parts of speech. These differences are related to various factors, such as the different classification of parts of speech and the difference in the core positioning of the word in Korean and Chinese.

Mycena subpiligera sp. nov., a Symbiotic Species from China Associated with the Seed Germination of Gastrodia elata

Li-na Liu,Guo-ying Zhou,Ai-rong Shen,Bao-ming Shen,Yun Tan,Zhu-ming Tan 한국균학회 2022 Mycobiology Vol.50 No.5

Mycena subpiligera, a new taxon in sect. Fragilipedes that can strongly enhance the germin- ation efficiency of Gastrodia elata seeds, was discovered in subtropical areas of China. As revealed by a morphological comparison with related Mycena species as well as maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the internal tran- scribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA, the new taxon can be distinguished from phenotypically similar and phylogenetically related species. Optimal cultural conditions for M. subpiligera basidiomata are reported, and the germination rate of the new species is compared with that of M. citrinomarginata.

오픈스페이스 개방성지수를 이용한 수변경관 개방성 평가연구 - 서울시 한강변과 상해시 황포강변을 대상으로 -

신나 ( Shen Na ),안동만 ( Ahn Tong-mahn ) 한국경관학회 2013 한국경관학회지 Vol.5 No.2

현대적 도시 발전과 함께 하천변에 마천루들이 들어서면서 경관미학,도시공공성의 문제를 일으키고 있다. 수변공간계획은 장소의 개방성, 공공성, 접근성에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라, 경제사회적인 영향도 초래하기에 초기부터 정확하고 세부적인 규제가 필요하다. 본 논문은 이러한 맥락에서 서로 다른 나라와 지역의 수변공간 개방성을 연구함으로써 지역 특성에 맞는 수변공간 계획 시사점을 제안하고자 한다. 한국과 중국에서 도시건설의 대표적인 두 도시인 서울과 상해에서 상업건물이 밀집해 있는 한강 여의도와 황포강 루쟈주이를 대상으로 앙각 등 여러 가지 경관지수와 필자가 도입한 오픈스페이스 개방성지수로 수변공간 개방성을 평가하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 앙각은 황포강에서 현저히 높았고, 오픈스페이스 개방성지수는 황포강에서 3.59, 한강에서 둔치를 포함한 경우 5.01, 둔치를 포함하지 않은 경우 15.21로 나타났다. 즉, 한강변의 위압감, 폐쇄감은 황포강변보다 낮고, 개방성은 더 크다. 2. 한강공원을 오픈스페이스 면적으로 포함하는지 여부에 따라 개방성이 현저한 차이가 나기 때문에 홍수터로 남겨두는 것이 유리하다. 3. 수변공간의 개방성을 규제함에 있어서 오픈스페이스 개방성지수와 같은 3차원적인 규제는 사람들이 느끼는 개방감을 정량적으로 표시할 수 있는 도구이기 때문에 계획정책을 제안하는데 도움이 될 것이다. With the rapid development of modern cities, there are more and more skyscrapers being built on the waterfronts. The master plans of waterfront have effects not only on the openness, publicity, accessibility of the waterfront, but also on the community, economy, and the society. The purpose of this study is to analyse the openness of the waterfront open space in Seoul and Shanghai using various indices. The results of the study show that the openness index in Lujiazhui, Shanghai, is 3.59, while in Yeouido the openness index is 5.01, or 14.21, when flood plains are included to open space. It means that the waterfront openness in Yeouido is better than in Lujiazhui. Parks on the flood plains along Yeouido waterfront are better to be kept as they give greater openness to Yeouido. The three dimensional indices such as openness index are recommended to be developed and applied for waterfront plans because they will help people feel the waterfront kept open.

원형이론에서의 한국어 한자어 접사와 중국어 사철 대조 연구

심나 ( Shen Na ) 한말연구학회 2021 한말연구 Vol.- No.59

Korean hanja affixes and Chinese affixes play several roles and often belong to different categories, thus limiting the possibility of categorization. In order to overcome these limitations, this study investigates whether the prototype theory, a cognitive linguistics theory widely used in numerous domains, can be employed. First, I examine the Korean and Chinese affixes and their particularities. Then, I review the existing literature and show the problems caused by the classical theory of categorization and, in order to solve these problems, I consider the prototype theory and its particularities. After that, I analyze the specificities of the prototypical categorization of both hanja and Chinese affixes. By doing so, I demonstrate that the prototype theory can be used successfully. Hanja affixes, historically represented as derivatives, are affected by other categories’ factors; they are connected to other linguistic factors from other categories. In other words, Chinese characters were used in the Korean vocabulary system as independent nouns or dependent word root; however, as time passed and circumstances evolved, their usage expanded and they acquired an affix function. The prototype theory originates in the critic of Aristoteles’ classical theory of categorization used in linguistics and philosophy. The categorization of hanja affixes and Chinese affixes have problems such as the ‘indetermination of the categorization’, ‘blurriness of categories’ limits’, ‘hierarchy of terms within a category’, and using the prototype theory can help when making categorization. Consequently, the prototype theory is more relevant than the classical approach.

한국어와 영어의 관계절 동질성 문제

심나 ( Shen Na ) 중국한국(조선)어교육연구학회 2022 한국(조선)어교육연구 Vol.19 No.0

Based on the linguistic typology, the relational clause of Korean is syntactically different from the relational clause of English. While the relational clause of English is syntactically structured, the relational clause of Korean is not. Therefore, the conundrum of this discussion begins with the question of whether the relational clause in Korean is syntactically the same as the relational clause in English. The purpose of this study is to understand the differences between Korean relational sentences and English relational sentences in the general history, and what problems will arise if the concept of English relational sentences is directly applied to Korean. In addition, based on the previous research, this paper investigates the possibility of using general noun modifying construction to modify core nouns instead of dividing article phrases into relational sentences and noun phrase complements in Korean.

The influence of hand grip strength on surgical outcomes after surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: a preliminary result

Shen, Feng,Kim, Ho-Joong,Lee, Na-Kyoung,Chun, Heoung-Jae,Chang, Bong-Soon,Lee, Choon-Ki,Yeom, Jin S. Elsevier 2018 SPINE JOURNAL Vol.18 No.11

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background Context</B></P> <P>Although a number of prognostic factors have been demonstrated to be associated with surgical outcome of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS), no study has investigated the relation between hand grip strength (HGS) and treatment outcome of DLSS.</P> <P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of HGS on surgical outcomes after surgery for patients with DLSS.</P> <P><B>Study Design</B></P> <P>This is an observational study.</P> <P><B>Patient Sample</B></P> <P>Patients who underwent spine surgery for DLSS were included in the study.</P> <P><B>Outcome Measures</B></P> <P>Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQOL (EQ-5D), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back or leg pain were assessed.</P> <P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P> <P>A total of 172 consecutive patients who underwent spine surgery for DLSS were included in the present study. Patients were assigned to either high HGS group (≥26 kg for men and ≥18 kg for women, n=124) or low HGS group (<26 kg for men and <18 kg for women, n=48) based on their preoperative HGS performance. Oswestry Disability Index, EQ-5D, and VAS scores for back and leg pain were assessed and compared between two groups preoperatively, 3 and 6 months after surgery. The primary outcome measure was baseline-adjusted ODI scores 6 months after surgery. The secondary outcome measures, including the overall ODI score, EQ-5D score, VAS score for back and leg pain, were assessed at each time point during the 6-month follow-up period.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>As primary outcome, baseline-adjusted ODI scores were significantly lower in the high HGS group than in the low HGS group 6 months after surgery. In the secondary outcome measurements, the ODI, EQ-5D, and VAS scores for back and leg pain improved significantly with time after surgery in both groups. The effects of HGS group on the overall changes in the ODI and EQ-5D scores during the 6-month period were significantly different between the two groups; however, they were not significantly different on VAS score for back and leg pain. The pattern of change in the ODI during the follow-up period was significantly different between the two groups.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Patients with preoperative high HGS display better surgical outcome in terms of disability and health status 6 months after spine surgery. Preoperative HGS can act as a predictor of surgical outcome in patients with DLSS.</P>

Surface Free Energy Changes of Stainless Steel after One Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment

( Shen Tang ),( Oh June Kwon ),( Na Lu ),( Ho Suk Choi ) 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.21 No.6

Association between Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of the Pelvic Floor and de novo Stress Urinary Incontinence after Vaginal Delivery

Na Li,Can Cui,Yue Cheng,Yanhong Wu,Jianzhong Yin,Wen Shen 대한영상의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.19 No.4

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the contributions of levator ani muscle (LAM) injury, vesical neck movement, urethral length and mobility, and urethral sphincter dysfunction observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) towards stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after vaginal delivery. Materials and Methods: Fifty primiparous women after 6 months of delivery (15 with SUI and 35 without) and 35 nulliparous as continent controls underwent MRI at rest and Valsalva maneuver. A published levator ani scoring system was used to characterize morphological changes of LAM. The severity of the injury was divided into three categories as none, minor, and major. A series of common parameters including levator plate angle, iliococcygeal angle, and levator hiatus were used to describe the functional conditions of LAM. Urethral mobility was defined based on the rotation of the urethra between Valsalva and rest status. Vesical neck movement was evaluated by its distance to the pubococcygeal line. Urethral sphincter dysfunction was defined as the widening of the proximal urethra and/or funneling at the urethrovesical junction during Valsalva. Results: Primiparous incontinent (PI) women had additional major levator ani defects (33.3% vs. 17.1%) while less minor defects (0.7% vs. 31.4%) than primiparous continent (PC) women. Vesical neck downward movement in PI women was more obvious than PC women (28.5 mm vs. 24.2 mm, p = 0.006). Urethral mobility was more active in primiparous women than in nulliparous continent controls (57.4 vs. 52.4), whereas no difference was observed on urethral mobility in the primiparous group (p = 0.25). Urethral sphincter dysfunction and funneling were present in 80% of PI women versus 22.9% in PC women (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The MRI findings revealed that de novo SUI was associated with major LAM injury, vesical neck downward movement as well as urethral sphincter dysfunction. Vesical neck funneling on sagittal images can be treated as a valuable predictor for SUI. The intervention for the PI should focus on the elevation of vesical neck, rehabilitation of LAM as well as recovery of the urethral sphincter muscle.

PCR Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Trichomonas gallinae from Domestic Pigeons in Guangzhou, China

Shen-Ben Qiu,Meng-Na Lv,Xi He,Ya-Biao Weng,Shang-Shu Zou,Xin-Qiu Wang,Rui-Qing Lin 대한기생충학열대의학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.55 No.3

Surface Characterization of the Activated Carbon Fibers After Plasma Polymerization of Allylamine

Na Lu,Shen Tang,Seung-Kon Ryu,Ho-Suk Choi 한국탄소학회 2005 Carbon Letters Vol.6 No.4

Plasma polymerization of allylamine subsequently after plasma pre-treatment was conducted on the activated carbon fibers (ACFs) for the immobilization of amine groups in the surface of ACFs. The change of structural properties of ACFs with respect to different polymerization conditions was investigated through BET method. The change of surface morphologies of ACFs with respect to different plasma polymerization power was also studied through AFM. It was found that the structural properties such as specific surface area and micropore volume could be optimized under certain plasma deposition conditions. It was reckoned that treatment and deposition showed adverse effect on plasma polymerization, in which the former developed the micro-structures of the ACFs and the latter tended to block the micro pores. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the poly(allylamine) was successfully immobilized on the surface of ACFs and the amount of the deposited polymer layer was related to the plasma polymerization power. SEM results showed that the plasma deposited polymer layer were small and homogenously distributed. The size and the distribution of particles deposited were closely related to the plasma polymerization power, too.