Pervaporation properties of polyvinyl alcohol/ceramic composite membrane for separation of ethyl acetate/ethanol/water ternary mixtures

Shanshan Xia,Wanqin Jin,Wang Wei,Gongping Liu,Xueliang Dong 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.29 No.2

In further purification of ethyl acetate (EAC) process, azeotropic distillation or extractive distillation is usually applied. High energy consumption limits the economic profit of the process. In this study, pervaporation separation of EAC/ethanol (EA)/water ternary mixtures using the ceramic-supported polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite membrane was investigated to substitute the azeotropic distillation or extractive distillation. Swelling experiments were performed to evaluate the sorption characteristic of the membrane. Flory-Huggins theory was applied to study the interaction between the membrane and the penetrant. The UNIFAC model was adopted to investigate the variation of the penetrant activity in the membrane. The effects of operation temperature, feed water content and feed flow rate on the PV performance of the membrane were systematically investigated. The composite membrane exhibited high PV performance with the total flux of 2.1 kg·m−2·h−1 and 94.9 wt% permeate concentration of water (operation condition:feed composition 82.6 wt% EAC, 8.4 wt% EA, 9 wt% water, feed temperature 60 oC, feed flow rate 252 mL·min−1). The PV performance of the membrane varied slightly over a continuous PV experiment period of 110 h. Our results demonstrated that the PVA/ceramic membrane was a potential candidate for the purification of EAC/EA/water ternary mixtures.

NF-jB activation was involved in reactive oxygen speciesmediated apoptosis and autophagy in 1-oxoeudesm-11(13)-eno- 12,8a-lactone-treated human lung cancer cells

Shanshan Liu,Di Wu,Lin Li,Xiao Sun,Wei-Dong Xie,Xia Li 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.8

1-oxoeudesm-11(13)-eno-12,8a-lactone (OEL),a novel eudesmane-type sesquiterpene compound, has beenshown to inhibit the growth of some cancer cell lines andinduce significant apoptosis. Here, we investigated the anticanceractivities of OEL in human lung cancer cells. Ourstudies demonstrated that OEL induced both apoptosis andautophagy in A549 and H460 cells. OEL-induced autophagywas assessed by appearance of autophagic vacuoles,formation of acidic vesicular organelles, conversion ofLC3-I to LC3-II, recruitment of LC3-II to the autophagosomes,and activation of autophagy genes. Furthermore,administration of autophagic inhibitor 3-methyladenineaugments OEL-induced apoptotic cell death. The inductionof autophagy and apoptosis by OEL links to NF-jB activationand the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interruption of NF-jB activation by specific inhibitor promotesapoptosis, but decreases autophagy. ROS antioxidants(N-acetylcysteine) attenuated both OEL-inducedautophagy and apoptosis. Further experiments confirmedthat OEL-induced activation of ROS was increased by NFjBinhibitor whereas NF-jB activation was not affected by ROS inhibition. These findings suggest that OEL-elicitedautophagic response plays a protective role that impedescell death, and inhibition of autophagy could be anadjunctive strategy for enhancing the chemotherapeuticeffect of OEL as an antitumor agent.

NF-${\kappa}B$ activation was involved in reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in 1-oxoeudesm-11(13)-eno-$12,8{\alpha}$-lactone-treated human lung cancer cells

Liu, Shanshan,Wu, Di,Li, Lin,Sun, Xiao,Xie, Weidong,Li, Xia 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.8

1-oxoeudesm-11(13)-eno-$12,8{\alpha}$-lactone (OEL), a novel eudesmane-type sesquiterpene compound, has been shown to inhibit the growth of some cancer cell lines and induce significant apoptosis. Here, we investigated the anticancer activities of OEL in human lung cancer cells. Our studies demonstrated that OEL induced both apoptosis and autophagy in A549 and H460 cells. OEL-induced autophagy was assessed by appearance of autophagic vacuoles, formation of acidic vesicular organelles, conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II, recruitment of LC3-II to the autophagosomes, and activation of autophagy genes. Furthermore, administration of autophagic inhibitor 3-methyladenine augments OEL-induced apoptotic cell death. The induction of autophagy and apoptosis by OEL links to NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interruption of NF-${\kappa}B$ activation by specific inhibitor promotes apoptosis, but decreases autophagy. ROS antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine) attenuated both OEL-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Further experiments confirmed that OEL-induced activation of ROS was increased by NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitor whereas NF-${\kappa}B$ activation was not affected by ROS inhibition. These findings suggest that OEL-elicited autophagic response plays a protective role that impedes cell death, and inhibition of autophagy could be an adjunctive strategy for enhancing the chemotherapeutic effect of OEL as an antitumor agent.

1-Oxoeudesm-11(13)-ene-12,8α-lactone-induced Apoptosis via ROS Generation and Mitochondria Activation in MCF-7 Cells

Min Cui,Xia Li,Yahong Zhang,Shanshan Liu,Weidong Xie,Mei Ji,Hongxiang Lou 대한약학회 2011 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.34 No.8

A novel eudesmane-type sesquiterpene compound, 1-oxoeudesm-11(13)-eno-12,8a-lactone (OEL), was isolated from Aster himalaicus. Its effect on apoptosis in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells was investigated. MTT assay showed that OEL substantially reduced the viability of KB, MCF-7, U87, A172, and MG-63 cells. MCF-7 cells were used to further evaluate the antitumor effects and anticancer mechanisms of OEL. OEL-induced apoptosis was characterized by chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies, and phosphatidylserine on extracellular surface; these effects were confirmed by DAPI nuclear staining and flow cytometry. Increased expression of Bax and deceased expression of Bcl-2 were also observed in OELtreated MCF-7 cells. Moreover, OEL induced the loss of mitochondria membrane potential, release of cytochrome C, activation of caspase-9, and generation of reactive oxygen species. These findings indicate that reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondria activation were involved in apoptosis induced by OEL in MCF-7 cells. The results from our study demonstrated that OEL may be a promising pro-apoptotic compound that could be used to develop novel anticancer drugs.

Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of Povidone-Sodium Cholate- Phospholipid Mixed Micelles for the Solubilization of Poorly Soluble Drugs

Yuan Zhu,Shanshan Tong,Li Wang,Min Peng,Xia Cao,Ximing Xu,Jiangnan Yu 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.6

Mixed micelles made of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sodium cholate, and phospholipids were prepared to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Sylibin, a drug used in treating liver diseases, was incorporated into the mixed micelles. The formulation of sylibin containing PVP-sodium cholate-phospholipid mixed micelles with an optimized composition (PVP/sodium cholate/phospholipid/silybin = 3:3:4:1~2 by weight) was obtained based on the study of pseudoternary phase diagrams. The critical micelle concentration was used to evaluate the micellar stability towards dilution. The results showed that addition of PVP to sodium-cholate-phospholipid mixed micelles increased stability. The solubility of sylibin in PVP-sodium cholate-phospholipid mixed micelles was higher than that in pure water or in sodium cholate-phospholipid mixed micelles. In a stability study, we found that PVP-sodium cholate-phospholipid mixed micelles showed good stability. After 3 months storage at 40oC, just 2.6% sylibin was lost with only minor changes of the particle size when compared to a reference formulation containing sodium cholate and phospholipid mixed micelles. In addition, the developed formulation significantly improved in vitro drug release. The time required to release 50% sylibin (t50%) from sodium cholate and phospholipid mixed micelles was 326 h, while the t50% from PVP-sodium cholate-phospholipid mixed micelles was only 51.1 h. Our results suggest that these mixed micelles might have significant potential application to the biomedical field.

SURF4 maintains stem-like properties via BIRC3 in ovarian cancer cells

Yongfang Yue,Lili Xia,Shanshan Xu,Conghui Wang,Xinyu Wang,Weiguo Lu,Xing Xie 대한부인종양학회 2020 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.31 No.4

Objective: As cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as the origin of tumor development,recurrence, and drug resistance, we aimed to explore the mechanism related to modulatingstemness in CSCs, thus facilitating to search for new therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer. Methods: In this study, ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) induced from cell line 3AOand A2780 were enriched in serum-free medium (SFM). The effect of SURF4 on CSC-likeproperties was evaluated by sphere-forming assays, re-differentiation assays, quantitativereal-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, Western blotting, cell viability assaysand in vivo xenograft experiments. The downstream molecule participating in SURF4maintaining stemness was screened by RNA-sequencing and identified by the experiments ofgene function. Results: SURF4 was upregulated expressed in OCSCs. Knockdown of SURF4 reduced theexpression of the related stem markers (SOX2 and c-MYC), inhibited self-renewal ability,and improved the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs (paclitaxel and cisplatin) in OCSCs. SURF4 knockdown also inhibited tumorigenesis in nonobese diabetic/severe combinedimmunodeficiency mice. BIRC3 expression was controlled by SURF4, and BIRC3 showedthe similar effect as SURF4 did, and BIRC3 overexpression partially recovered stem-likeproperties abolished by SURF4 knockdown. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SURF4 possesses the ability to maintain stemness ofOCSCs via BIRC3, and may serve as a potential target in stem cell-targeted therapy forovarian cancer.

Comparative transcriptome analysis to identify genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis in Agriophyllum squarrosum, a folk medicinal herb native to Asian temperature deserts

Yin Xiaoyue,Yan-Xia Liu,Qian Chaoju,Zhou Shanshan,Fang Tingzhou,Fan Xingke,Gao yuan,Chang Yuxiao,Yang Jian,Ma Xiao-Fei 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.3

Agriophyllum squarrosum is a folk Mongolian medicine with pleiotropic pharmacological and ecological economic importance endemic to Asian temperature deserts. Terpenoids play critical roles in biotic and abiotic stresses due to their antioxidative activities. Based on non-targeted metabolomic analysis, we detected eight terpenoids enriched in the above-ground tissues of A. squarrosum, however, the molecular mechanism underlying terpenoids biosynthesis in this desert medicinal plant is rarely understood. Here, a comparative transcriptome analysis of diferent tissues in A. squarrosum was conducted to identify 84 unigenes encoding key enzymes in the upstream backbone biosynthesis and 53 unigenes encoding the downstream enzymes for terpenoid diversifcation. Most of the upstream genes exhibited signifcant high expression levels in leaf, and some of which were validated by qRT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that two downstream gene families OSCs (oxidosqualene cyclases) and TPSs (mainly in terpene synthases -g subfamily) had undergone notable gene expansions in A. squarrosum comparing with the other Amaranthaceae plant species and Arabidopsis. Nevertheless, most members from these two gene families showed the tissue-specifc expression in A. squarrosum, which supported the diversifcation and tissue-specifc enrichment of terpenoids across above-ground tissues. Considering to the habitat characteristics of A. squarrosum, we proposed that the enrichment of terpenoids and the functional diversifcation of terpenoids biosynthesis enzymes were more or less involved into its adaptation to stressful environments of deserts. These results expand the available genetic information underlying terpenoid biosynthesis in A. squarrosum, and contribute to deeper researches on pharmaceutical and eco-agricultural applications in this desert medicinal plant.

Touch and Listen: A Multisensory Interactive Map for Park Visitors

( Zijun Zhao ),( Zhiyong Li ),( Shanshan Xia ),( Seunghee Lee ) 한국감성과학회 2024 한국감성과학회 국제학술대회(ICES) Vol.2024 No.1

Coupling vibration response analysis of wind-train-bridge system considering the train-induced wind effect

Yujing Wang,Weiwei Guo,He Xia,Shanshan Wang,Man Xu 한국풍공학회 2021 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.33 No.3

Considering the wind loads and track irregularity as external excitation, the wind-train-bridge dynamic analysis model considering the longitudinal freedom of train is established in the present study. In the model, the wind load of trainbridge system under the train-induced wind field and the combined wind field is obtained by employing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. With the CRH2 high-speed train and a 10-span simply-supported box girder bridge as an example, the whole history of the train running on the bridge under the combined effect of train-induced wind and crosswind is simulated to analyze the dynamic response of the train-bridge system. In addition, the operational safety indicators of the train are evaluated. According to the obtained results, the dynamic response of vehicles and bridges increases with the train speed without the consideration of the crosswind. In the combined wind field, the train-induced wind exerts a greater impact on the dynamic response of the vehicle, but has a less influence on that of the bridge simultaneously. Moreover, the influence of wind velocity is greater than that of train speed. When the wind-train-bridge dynamic response analysis is carried out based on traditional methods, the calculated wind load of the train-bridge system is too high, making the calculated responses too large to be consistent with actual values.