A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) Alloy Powder Using Gas-Atomization and SPS Process

Yong‑Ho Kim,Hyo‑Sang Yoo,Jeong‑Han Lee,Ik‑Hyun Oh,Hyun‑Kuk Park,Hyeon‑Taek Son 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7

In order to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties on Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) alloy, a mixed powder with pureelements and an alloy powder using a gas atomization process were used. Fine and high purity Al–25Cr–5Si (at%) alloypowder was successfully prepared by gas atomization and densified using a spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The overallpowder size distribution of the mixed Al, Cr, and Si elemental powders was in the range of 10–15 μm. The atomized Al–Cr–Sialloy powder was fine and spherical in morphology and difficult to be formed by intermetallic formation. Densification wasclearly confirmed at 1000 °C, with almost isolated pores formed, by clear removal of pores between particles, deformationof particles, an increase in the number of contacts, and a change in size between particles. As a result of XRD analysis ofthe sintered compacts, single phase was observed using the mixed powder, but the compact using gas atomization remainedthe alloy phase even at the process temperature. The Vickers hardness of the compacts by mixed powder was observed at59.70 Hv and the compact using gas atomized powders on the temperature 1000 °C of the Vickers hardness increased to702.6 Hv. The compressive yield strength of the compact with mixed powder was 195.24 MPa and the compressive strengthof the compact with gas atomized powder increased to 802.07 MPa. It is considered not to be decomposed by the AlCrSi,Al13Cr4Si4and Al8Cr5phases sintering process, resulting from the improvement of mechanical properties.

Long-term Assessment of Chemical Properties from Paddy Soils in Gyeongnam Province

Son, Daniel,Sonn, Yeon-Kyu,Kang, Seong-Soo,Heo, Jae-Young,Kim, Dae-Ho,Choi, Yong-Jo,Lee, Sang-Dae,Ok, Yong Sik,Lee, Young Han 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.2

Field monitoring was performed to evaluate the chemical properties of 260 paddy soils every 4 years from 1999 to 2015 in Gyeongnam province. Soil chemical properties, including soil pH, electrical conductivity, amount of organic matter (OM), available phosphate ($P_2O_5$), exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na), and available silicate ($SiO_2$) were analyzed. In 2015, the average values of pH, OM, available $P_2O_5$, exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg, and available $SiO_2$ was 5.8, $30g\;kg^{-1}$, $222mg\;kg^{-1}$, $0.37cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, $6.5cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, and $1.4cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, $252mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The frequency distribution within optimum range of paddy soils was 49.2%, 20.8%, 18.5%, and 5.8% for soil pH, OM, available $P_2O_5$, and available $SiO_2$, respectively. The available $P_2O_5$ concentrations in 2015 was excess level with portion of 58% and did not alter significantly during the experimental period. Although the average of available $SiO_2$ concentration has tended to increase with every year, the insufficient proportion of available $SiO_2$ concentration in 2015 was 48%. These results indicated that a balanced management of soil chemical properties can properly control the amount of fertilizer applied for sustainable agriculture in paddy field.

Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Interaction between Helicobactor pylori and AGS Cells

( Yong Sik Kim ),( Hoon Jai Chun ),( Rok Son Choung ),( Yoon Tae Jeen ),( Chang Sub Uhm ),( Hong Sik Lee ),( Soon Ho Um ),( Sang Woo Lee ),( Jai Hyun Choi ),( Chang Duck Kim ),( Ho Sang Ryu ),( Jin Ha 대한내과학회 2003 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2003 No.1

노즐의 소수성 코팅에 의한 EHD 제트의 액적 토출 현상 비교 연구

Yong-Jae Kim(김용재),Jae Yong Choi(최재용),Sang Uk Son(손상욱),Ki Cheol Ahn(안기철),Hyun Joon Keum(금현준),Suk Han Lee(이석한),Do Young Byun(변도영),Han Seo Ko(고한서) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.11

An EHD (Electro-Hydro-Dynamic) jet for electrostatic inkjet head shows advantages to print micro-size patterns using various inks because it can generate sub-micron droplets and can use highly viscous inks. Thus, many researchers in industrial fields are concerned about the EHD jet in these days. Since the basic principle of the EHD jet is to form a droplet from an apex of meniscus at the end of the nozzle, the ejection mechanism can be changed by the shape of the meniscus. The stable ejection of the droplet is greatly affected by the shape of the meniscus which is also influenced by surface characteristics of the nozzle, electric potential and ink properties. Experiments have been performed using the nozzles with hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings in this study. The hydrophobic nozzle forms the stable droplets in wider range of the electric potential than the hydrophilic nozzle does.

Habitat Distribution and Characteristics of Silene capitata - Case of Imjin River Columnar Joints in Basalt -

Sang-Yong Son 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.11

The habitat characteristics of Silene capitata Kom. were investigated to provide basic data for conservation and restoration. Field surveys were conducted from June 2015 to October 2017 in the Imjin River Columnar Joints in Basalt. As a result of the survey, it was confirmed that the Silene capitata live in a place where the habitat environment is dry and barren within the lowland area of 13 ~ 158m above sea level. The aspects of natural habitats of Silene capitata were 3 points of east, 2 of east-northeast, 1 of northeast, 1 of north-northeast, 3 of northwest. The taxonomic analysis of vascular plant was appeared as total 293 taxa including 82 families, 233 genera, 312 species, 5 sub-species, 35 varieties and 8 forms. Total 6 plants as the Korean endemic plant, 7 plants were classified as rare plant. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 39 taxa comprising 4 taxa of grade Ⅴ, 9 taxa of grade Ⅳ, 7 taxa of grade III, 5 taxa of grade Ⅱ, and 14 taxa of grade Ⅰ. Silene cpaitata requires form retention and protection and protection of endangered species.

Effects of EGF Receptor Antagonist (AG1478) on Helicobacter pylori Infected AGS Cells

( Yong Sik Kim ),( Hoon Jai Chun ),( Rok Son Choung ),( Yoon Tae Jeen ),( Chang Sub Uhm ),( Hong Sik Lee ),( Soon Ho Um ),( Sang Woo Lee ),( Jai Hyun Choi ),( Chang Duck Kim ),( Ho Sang Ryu ),( Jin Ha 대한내과학회 2003 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2003 No.1

Analysis of Electrostatic Ejection for Liquid Droplets

Yong-Jae Kim(김용재),Sukhan Lee(이석한),Doyoung Byun(변도영),Sang Uk Son(손상욱),Daewon Jeong(정대원),Han Seo Ko(고한서) 한국유체기계학회 2006 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

An electrostatic inkjet head can be used for manufacturing processes of large display systems and printed circuit boards (PCB) as well as inkjet printers because an electrostatic field provides an external force which can be manipulated to control sizes of droplets. The existing printing methods such as thermal bubble and piezo inkjet heads have shown difficulties to control the ejection of the droplets for printing applications. Thus, the new inkjet head using the electrostatic force has been proposed in this study. In order to prove the theory of the developed electrostatic inkjet head, the applicable and basic theory has been studied using distilled water and water with sodium dodecyl surfate (SDS). Also, a numerical analysis has been performed to calculate the intensity of the electrostatic field using the Maxwell’s equation. Furthermore, experiments have been carried out using a downward glass capillary with outside diameter of 500㎛. The gravity, surface tension, and electrostatic force have been analyzed with high voltages of 0 to 5㎸. It has been observed that the droplet size decreases and the frequency of the droplet formation and the velocity of the droplet ejection increase with increasing the intensity of the electrostatic field. The results of the experiments have shown good agreement with those of numerical analysis.

Cathepsin B Inhibitor, E-64, Affects Preimplantation Development, Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Pig Embryos

Son, Hyeong-Hoon,Min, Sung-Hun,Yeon, Ji-Yeong,Kim, Jin-Woo,Park, Soo-Yong,Lee, Yong-Hee,Jeong, Pil-Soo,Koo, Deog-Bon The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2013 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.37 No.4

Cathepsin B is abundantly expressed peptidase of the papain family in the lysosomes, and closely related to the cell degradation system such as apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Abnormal degradation of organelles often occurs due to release of cathepsin B into the cytoplasm. Many studies have been reported that relationship between cathepsin B and intracellular mechanisms in various cell types, but porcine embryos has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of cathepsin B inhibitor (E-64) on preimplantation developmental competence and quality of porcine embryos focusing on apoptosis and oxidative stress. The expression of cathepsin B mRNA in porcine embryos was gradually decreased in inverse proportion to E-64 concentration by using real-time RT-PCR. When putative zygotes were cultured with E-64 for 24 h, the rates of early cleavage and blastocyst development were decreased by increasing E-64 concentration. However, the rate of blastocyst development in $5{\mu}M$ treated group was similar to the control. On the other hand, both the index of apoptotic and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of blastocysts were significantly decreased in the $5{\mu}M$ E-64 treated group compared with control. We also examined the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis related genes in the blastocysts derived from $5{\mu}M$ E-64 treated and non-treated groups. Expression of the pro-apoptotic Bax gene was shown to be decreased in the E-64 treated blastocyst group, whereas expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL gene was increased. Taken together, these results suggest that proper inhibition of cathepsin B at early development stage embryos improves the quality of blastocysts, which may be related to not only the apoptosis reduction but also the oxidative stress reduction in porcine embryos.

Expression and mutation analysis of TIG1 (tazarotene-induced gene 1) in human gastric cancer.

Son, Min Soo,Kang, Min-Ju,Park, Ho Chul,Chi, Sung-Gil,Kim, Yong Ho Pergamon Press 2009 Oncology Research Vol.17 No.11

<P>Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) has been known to function as a cell adhesion molecule, which leads to better cell to cell contact and reduced proliferation. We investigated expression and mutation status of TIG1 in primary gastric tumors and cell lines to explore the candidacy of the gene as a tumor suppressor. A total of 172 gastric tissue specimes, including 80 primary adenocarcinomas, 12 benign tumors, and 80 adjacent normal mucosa, and 15 gastric cancer cell lines were used. TIG1 expression was analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. To screen for the presence of somatic mutations, RT-PCR-SSCP analysis was carried out. The effect of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment was examined to elicit whether TIG1 reduction is associated with abnormal DNA hypermethylation. Compared to noncancerous tissues, a substantial reduction of TIG1 expression was observed in 73.3% (11115) cancer cell lines, and seven of these exhibited nearly undetectable levels of expression. Decreased expression of TIG1 was also found in 62 (77.5%) primary carcinoma tissues compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues, indicating a tumor-specific reduction of TIG1. Expression levels of TIG1 were significantly low in primary carcinomas and cancer cell lines compared to those of normal tissues. Moreover, loss or reduction of TIG1 was significantly high in advanced tumors compared to early tumors and more frequent in poorly differentiated tumors than well or moderately differentiated tumors. TIG1 expression was reactivated or its level was elevated following 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment, indicating that TIG1 expression is transcriptionally silenced in these cancer cells by abnormal DNA hypermethylation. These data indicate that TIG1 undergoes frequent epigenetic inactivation due to aberrant DNA hypermethylation in gastric cancers, and its altered expression is associated with the malignant progression of tumors.</P>