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Developmental Duration and Morphology of the Sea Star Asterias amurensis, in Tongyeong, Korea
Paik, Sang-Gyu,Park, Heung-Sik,Yi, Soon-Kil,Yun, Sung-Gyu The Korean Society of Oceanography 2005 Ocean science journal Vol.40 No.3
The process of embryogenesis and larval development of the asteroid sea star Asterias amurensis $(U{\ddot{u}}tken)$ was observed, with special attention paid to morphological change and larval duration. In reproductive season, mature sea stars were collected under floating net cages, located in Tongyeong, southern Korea. The mature eggs are $138\;{\mu}m$ in average diameter, semi-translucent and orange in color, sperms in good condition appear light cream to white-gray in color. Embryos develop through the holoblastic equal cleavage stage and a wrinkled blastula stage that lasts about 9 hours after fertilization. Gastrulae bearing an expanded archenteron hatch from the fertilization envelope 22 hours after fertilization. At the end of gastrulation, rudiments of the left and right coelom are formed. By day 2, larvae possess complete alimentary canal and begin to feed. At this stage, the larva is called early bipinnaria. In 6-day-old larvae, the pre- and post- oral ciliated bands form complete circuits and the bipinnarial processes start to develop. By day 12, the lateral and anterior projection of the larval wall processes along the ciliated bands begins to thicken and curl, and the ciliated bands become more prominent. By day 32, early brachiolaria are presented with three pairs of brachiolar arms. Advanced brachiolaria with a well-developed brachiolar complex (three pairs of brachia and central adhesive disc) occur 6 weeks after fertilization. In the field, spawning of the sea star was observed in April to May, settlement form larvae and just settlements seem to occur from June to July, and early juveniles occur from August to September. Although we had not described the end of brachiolaria stage, it can be tentatively estimated that the duration of the pelagic stage of A. amurensis is 40 to 50 days.
Paik, Un-Gyu,Lee, Sang-Kyu,Park, Jea-Gun The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2008 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.8 No.1
The effect of physicochemical properties of solvents on the microstructure of polyvinyl carbazole (PVK) film for non-volatile polymer memory was investigated. For the solubilization of PVK molecules and the preparation of PVK films, four solvents with different physicochemical properties of the Hildebrand solubility parameter and vapor pressure were considered: chloroform, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE), and N,N-dimehtylformamide (DMF). The solubility of PVK molecules in the solvents was observed by ultravioletvisible spectroscopy. PVK molecules were observed to be more soluble in chloroform, with a low Hildebrand solubility parameter, than solvents with higher values. The aggregated size and micro-/nano-topographical properties of PVK films were characterized using optical and atomic force microscopes. The PVK film cast from chloroform exhibited enhanced surface roughness compared to that from TCE and DMF. It was also confirmed that the microstructure of PVK film has an effect on the performance of non-volatile polymer memory.
Paik, Chang Nyol,Kim, Sang Woo,Lee, In Seok,Park, Jae Myung,Cho, Yu Kyung,Choi, Myung Gyu,Chung, In Sik Lippincott WilliamsWilkins, Inc. 2008 Journal of clinical gastroenterology Vol.42 No.8
BACKGROUND: Cyanoacrylate has been recommended for the treatment of gastric variceal bleeding. GOAL: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cyanoacrylate injection therapy in patients with gastric variceal bleeding, and to identify the factors predictive of failure, rebleeding, and survival after therapy. STUDY: One hundred twenty-one patients with gastric variceal bleeding who received cyanoacrylate injections were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Treatment succeeded in 110 patients (90.9%). Rebleeding and mortality rate during 4-week were 13.2% and 11.6%. A stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that only the Child-Pugh class was an independent predictive factor of treatment failure [Child-Pugh C vs. Child-Pugh A and B, odds ratio (OR), 5.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2-19.4; P=0.025]. The actuarial probability of a 4-week absence of rebleeding and survival after the initial therapy was 86.8% and 85.1%, respectively. A stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that a Child-Pugh class C and hepatocellular carcinoma were independent predictive factors for rebleeding (OR, 7.4; 95% CI, 2.0-27.0; P=0.003 and OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.0-11.1; P=0.05, respectively) and mortality (OR, 7.4; 95% CI, 2.0-27.0; P=0.003 and OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.0-11.1; P=0.05, respectively). Only 2 cases (2.7%) with serious complications, noted as cyanoacrylate embolisms, were observed. At 1-year follow up, the actuarial probability of remaining free of bleeding was 49.0% and hepatitis B virus infection was independent predictive factor of bleeding (OR, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.4-20.0; P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: In short-term follow-up, cyanoacrylate injection is an effective treatment method for gastric variceal bleeding and the Child-Pugh class was only independent predictive factor of treatment failure and the Child-Pugh class and the hepatocellular carcinoma were risk factors for rebleeding and survival. In long-term follow-up, the presence of hepatitis B infection was risk factor for rebleeding.
박성민 ( Sung Min Park ),정우철 ( Woo Chul Chung ),이강문 ( Kang Moon Lee ),백창렬 ( Chang Nyol Paik ),정성훈 ( Sung Hoon Jung ),이정록 ( Jeong Rok Lee ),최명규 ( Myung Gyu Choi ),강유진 ( Yoo Jin Kang ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2008 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.14 No.2
Stellate ganglion block therapy is widely practiced in pain control and a wide variety of disease, though the precise mechanisms are indistinct. Stellate ganglion block may be indicated for the treatment of sympathetically mediated pain, idiopathic hypertension, hot flush, allergic rhinitis, insomnia, chronic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. The therapeutic efficacy may improve the autonomic nervous, endocrine and immune system and thus restore the homeostasis of the body. We experienced a 40-year-old patient with chronic constipation and slow transit who did not respond to medical therapy. His clinical symptoms improved by stellate ganglion block and there was no recurrence. (Kor J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008;14:129-132)
Byung Gyu Kim,Jae-Sun Uhm,Pil-Sung Yang,Hee Tae Yu,Tae-Hoon Kim,Boyoung Joung,Hui-Nam Pak,Song Yee Kim,Moo Suk Park,Jin Gu Lee,Hyo Chae Paik,Moon-Hyoung Lee 대한내과학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.35 No.4
Background/Aims: Atrial arrhythmia (AA) occasionally occurs after lung transplantation (LT); however, risk factors for AA and their impact on clinical outcomes are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the incidence, predisposing factors, and clinical outcomes of AA after LT. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 153 consecutive patients who underwent LT between January 2010 and August 2016. An AA episode was defined as a documented atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia on 12-lead electrocardiography or episodes lasting ≥ 30 seconds on telemetry monitoring. Results: The mean follow-up time was 22.0 ± 19.1 months. Postoperative AA occurred in 46 patients (30.1%) after LT. Patients with postoperative AA were older, had larger body surface area, and had an increased incidence of paroxysmal AF prior to transplantation, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and postoperative tracheostomy than patients without AA. Preoperative right atrial pressure (RAP) (odds ratio [OR], 1.19; p = 0.005) and longer periods of mechanical ventilation (OR, 1.03; p = 0.008) were found to be independent risk factors for AA after surgery. Development of AA was a significant predictor of long-term overall mortality (hazard ratio, 2.75; p = 0.017). Conclusions: Patients with elevated preoperative RAP and long-term ventilator care had a higher risk of AA after LT. Further, AA after LT was associated with poor long-term survival.
Inhibition of Autolysis by Lipase LipA in Streptococcus pneumoniae Sepsis
Kim, Gyu-Lee,Luong, Truc Thanh,Park, Sang-Sang,Lee, Seungyeop,Ha, Jung Ah,Nguyen, Cuong Thach,Ahn, Ji Hye,Park, Ki-Tae,Paik, Man-Jeong,Pyo, Suhkneung,Briles, David E.,Rhee, Dong-Kwon Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.12
More than 50% of sepsis cases are associated with pneumonia. Sepsis is caused by infiltration of bacteria into the blood via inflammation, which is triggered by the release of cell wall components following lysis. However, the regulatory mechanism of lysis during infection is not well defined. Mice were infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 wild-type (WT) and lipase mutant (${\Delta}lipA$) intranasally (pneumonia model) or intraperitoneally (sepsis model), and survival rate and pneumococcal colonization were determined. LipA and autolysin (LytA) levels were determined by qPCR and western blotting. S. pneumoniae Spd_1447 in the D39 (type 2) strain was identified as a lipase (LipA). In the sepsis model, but not in the pneumonia model, mice infected with the ${\Delta}lipA$ displayed higher mortality rates than did the D39 WT-infected mice. Treatment of pneumococci with serum induced LipA expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. In the presence of serum, the ${\Delta}lipA$ displayed faster lysis rates and higher LytA expression than the WT, both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that a pneumococcal lipase (LipA) represses autolysis via inhibition of LytA in a sepsis model.