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Carbonylation of 1-Bromo-2,6-bis(bromomethyl)benzene Catalyzed by Cobalt Carbonyl
Sang Chul Shim,Shin Ae Chae,Dong Yeob Lee,Young Zoo Youn,Jae Goo Shim,Chil Hoon Doh Korean Chemical Society 1993 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.14 No.4
Dialkyl 1-bromobenzene-2,6-diacetates were easily prepared by the carbonylation of the moiety of benzylic bromide in 1-bromo-2,6-bis(bromomethyl)benzene with alcohol in the presence of NaOAc< ${\cdot}$3H$_2$O and a catalytic amount of Co$_2$(CO)$_8$under the atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide at room temperature in excellent yield. Alkyl 2,6-bis(alkoxymethyl)benzoates were obtained by the carbonylation of the moiety of aryl bromide in 1-bromo-2,6-bis(alkoxymethyl)-benzene, which derived from 1-bromo-2,6-bis(bromomethyl)benzene, alcohol, NaOR, and CH$_3$I under the same conditions. Alkyl 2,6-bis(carboxymethyl)benzoate was also obtained in a trace amount for 24 hrs at room temperature.
Sung Chul Shin,Kyung Ho Kang,Youn Young Lee,Yang Mo Goo Korean Chemical Society 1990 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.11 No.1
The condensation of 1-amino-1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione (1) and 2-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione (2) with mesityl oxide or 3-penten-2-one in acetic acid-ethanol (1:1) gave 3,4,6,9-tetrahydro-6,9-dioxopyridazino[1,2-a][1,2, 3]triazines (9,11) and 3,4,6,11-tetrahydro-6,11-dioxo[1,2,3]triazino[1,2- b]phthalazines (10,12), respectively. The condensation of 1 and 2 with crotonaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde or acrylaldehyde under the same reaction condition gave only N-alkylidene derivatlives (3-8). When the N-alkylidene derivatives isolated from the reaction of 1 and 2 with crotonaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde (3-6) were refluxed in acetic acid, the corresponding heterocyclic compounds (13-16) were obtained.
Shin, Chang-Sook,Lee, Chae-Kwan,Kang, Han-Seung,Kim, Haekwon,Yoon, Yong-Dal,Moon, Deog-Hwan,Kang, Sung-Goo The Korean Society of Developmental Biology 2001 발생과 생식 Vol.5 No.2
포유동물의 혈중 프로락틴 농도는 일주기와 연주기의 변화를 나타내며 송과체에서 분비되는 멜라토닌이 조절인자로 관여한다. 인위적인 송과체의 기능 억제는 혈중 프로락틴 농도를 증가시킨다. 임신 후반기에 태반에서는 수종의 프로락틴군 호르몬들이 분비되어 태반기능 및 배아발생에 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 이들 호르몬 유전자들의 발현 조절기작과 조절 인자들에 관한 연구 결과는 미비하다. 본 연구에서는 RT-PCR과, in situ hybridization 방법으로 흰쥐의 태반에서 Me $l_{la}$ 유전자의 발현을 확인하였다. 발현되는 주요 세포는 junctional zone과 labyrinth zone의 spongiotrophoblast 세포와 trophoblast giant세포였다. 특이한 것은junctional zone의 Me $l_{la}$ 유전자의 발현이 밤시간(22:00)에 비하여 낮시간(16:00)에 높게 조사되었다. 그리고 멜라토닌 수용체 agonist인 chloromelatonin은 PLP-A 유전자의 발현을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과들로 보아 흰쥐의 태반에서 Me $l_{la}$ 유전자가 발현되며, 멜라토닌에 의해 유도되는 Me $l_{la}$ 의 활성화는 PLP-A유전자의 발현에 중요한 조절인자로 작용할 것이다. Seasonal changes and circadian rhythm of plasma prolactin(PRL) concentration in mammals are mediated by melatonin. Pinealectomy or denervation of the pineal gland produces an increase in plasma PRL level. In the rat placenta several members of the PRL family gene are expressed during the late pregnancy. However, the full spectrum of their expression mechanisms and regulatory factors are not elucidated yet. Present study aimed to investigate the local expression of the melatonin receptor la(Me $l_{la}$ ) gene and the effect of melatonin on expression of prolactin-like protein A(PLP-A), a member of the PRL-family gene in the rat placenta. According to the RT-PCR, northern blot and in situ hybridization experiments, Me $l_{la}$ gene was locally expressed in the rat placenta, Me $l_{la}$ mRNA was localized mainly in the placental junctional and labyrinth zones. Interestingly, junctional zone of the placenta showed strong expression of Me $l_{la}$ at daytime(16:00) than at nighttime(22:00). Melatonin agonist, chlorornelatonin decreased the PLP-A mRNA levels in the rat placenta. These results suggest that melatonin coupled with Me $l_{la}$ , may act as a regulation factor that mediates the expression of the PLP-A gene in the rat placenta.
( Shin Hwang ),( Hee-jung Wang ),( Jae-won Joh ),( Dong-goo Kim ),( Kyung Sik Kim ),( Kyung-suk Suh ),( Seong Hoon Kim ),( Hee-chul Yu ),( Chol-kyoon Cho ),( Ki-hun Kim ),( Young-joo Lee ),( Sung-gyu 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: We previously demonstrated that multiplication of α-fetoprotein (AFP), des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) and tumor volume (TV) (ADV score, expressed in log10) is an integrated surrogate marker of post-resection prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Positron emission tomography (PET) reflects the tumor biology. We intended to assess whether preoperative ADV score combined with PET finding can predict the prognosis for large HCC. Methods: Nine institutions participated in this study supported by KASL research fund. Selection criteria were preoperative measurement of AFP and DCP, FDG-PET and macroscopic curative resection of solitary HCC ≥8 cm, by which 526 patients who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2014 were selected. Results: Median values were 11.0 cm for tumor diameter, 402 mL for tumor volume, and 8.3 for ADV score. Expression levels of AFP and DCP were not correlated (r<sup>2</sup>=0.02, p=0.002). Tumor recurrence and patient survival were significantly different according to ADV score cutoffs of 6 and 9 (p=0.000) and PET findings (p=0.000). Both ADV score cutoff at 6 and hypermetabolic PET were independent risk factors for tumor recurrence (HR 1.9 and 1.8) and patient survival (HR 2.3 and 3.0), respectively. Combination of ADV score cutoff at 6 and PET (ADV6-PET) resulted in great prognostic contrasts in tumor recurrence and patient survival (Fig. 1; all p=0.000). After exclusion of preoperative treatment cases, such prognostic contrast was further enhanced. Independent risk factors for tumor recurrence and patient survival were ADV6-PET (HR 1.6 and 2.7), microvascular invasion (HR 1.7 and 1.9), macrovascular invasion (HR 1.5 and 1.5) and satellite nodule (HR 1.5 and 2.0), respectively. Conclusions: The prognostic power of ADV6-PET was quite comparable to that of well-known pathological risk factors, thus that it can be used to predict the post-resection outcomes during preoperative planning for resection of large HCC.
Shin, Yong-seung,Lee, Eung-goo,Shin, Gee-wook,Kim, Young-rim,Lee, Eun-young,Kim, Jae-hoon,Jang, Hwan,Gershwin, Laurel J.,Kim, Dae-yong,Kim, Yong-hwan,Kim, Gon-sup,Suh, Myung-deuk,Jung, Tae-sung WILEY-VCH Verlag 2004 Proteomics Vol.4 No.11
<P>Antigenic proteins of Neospora caninum (N. caninum) against bovine immunoglobulins M, E, A, and G were investigated by using immunoproteomics. Proteins of N. caninum (KBA-2) tachyzoite lysates separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, probed with different bovine immunoglobulin class and classified. Antigenic spots recognized were also identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis. 132, 84, 4, and 40 antigenic protein spots were recognized on N. caninum immunoblot profiles against bovine IgM, IgE, IgA, and IgG, respectively. Of these protein spots, the antigenic proteins recognized by either IgM, IgE, and IgG, or IgM and IgG were HSP70, pyruvate kinase, actin, NCDG-1, tubulin α-chain, and putative ribosomal protein S2. On the other hand, IgM, IgE, and IgA reacted with NTPase, HSP60, tubulin β-chain, putative protein disulfide isomerase, enolase, lactate dehydrogenase, serine-threonine phosphatase, 14-3-3 protein homologue, and GRA2 protein. Most of the antigenic proteins identified were associated with the process of invasion, proliferation, and egression of apicomplexans. In our study, HSP70, actin, NTPase, HSP60, pyruvate kinase, enolase, putative ribosomal protein S2, NCDG-1, and GRA2 proteins were found to be immunodominant proteins, which may contribute to the development of diagnostic markers and vaccine.</P>
Operational Concept of the NEXTSat-1 for Science Mission and Space Core Technology Verification
Shin, Goo-Hwan,Chae, Jang-Soo,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Min, Kyung-Wook,Sohn, Jong-Dae,Jeong, Woong-Seob,Moon, Bong-Gon 한국우주과학회 2014 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.31 No.1
The next generation small satellite-1 (NEXTSat-1) program has been kicked off in 2012, and it will be launched in 2016 for the science missions and the verification of space core technologies. The payloads for these science missions are the Instrument for the Study of Space Storms (ISSS) and NIR Imaging Spectrometer for Star formation history (NISS). The ISSS and the NISS have been developed by Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Korea Astronomy and Space science Institute (KASI) respectively. The ISSS detects plasma densities and particle fluxes of 10 MeV energy range near the Earth and the NISS uses spectrometer. In order to verify the spacecraft core technologies in the space, the total of 7 space core technologies (SCT) will be applied to the NEXTSat-1 for space verification and those are under development. Thus, the operation modes for the ISSS and the NISS for space science missions and 7 SCTs for technology missions are analyzed for the required operation time during the NEXTSat-1’s mission life time of 2 years. In this paper, the operational concept of the NEXTSat-1’s science missions as well as the verification of space core technologies are presented considering constraints of volume, mass, and power after launch.