Limiting the spillover of zoonotic pathogens from traditional food markets in developing countries and a new market design for risk-proofing

Sandeep Ghatak(Sandeep Ghatak ),Kandhan Srinivas(Kandhan Srinivas ),Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton(Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton ),Govindarajan Bhuvana Priya(Govindarajan Bhuvana Priya ),Samir Das(Sa 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

Traditional food markets are age-old systems that primarily serve the food supply needs of society’s less affluent sectors, often operating with minimal infrastructure. These markets are prevalent in low and middle-income countries. However, their hygienic conditions are frequently suboptimal, potentially fostering the emergence and spread of presumptive zoonotic diseases. The recent emergence of zoonotic or potentially zoonotic diseases and their possible links to traditional food markets underscore the need for focused attention on this overlooked issue. The socioeconomic characteristics of traditional food markets reveal that despite the risk of zoonotic pathogen spread, these markets play a crucial role for large segments of the population. These individuals rely on such markets for their livelihood, food, and nutrition. Therefore, a comprehensive set of measures addressing various aspects of traditional food markets is necessary to manage and mitigate the risks of potential zoonotic disease emergence. In this article, we explore various facets of traditional food markets, paying special attention to the risks of zoonotic diseases that urgently require stakeholder attention. We also propose a new market design to prevent the risk of zoonotic spillover and advocate for the development of a Market Hygiene Index for these markets.

A determination of occlusal plane comparing different levels of the tragus to form ala-tragal line or Camper’s line : a photographic study

Sandeep Kumar,Sandeep Garg,Seema Gupta 대한치과보철학회 2013 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.5 No.1

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine accurately the part of the tragus to be used to form the Ala-Tragal line or Camper’ line in orthognathic profile patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 150 dentate subjects with age of 18-40 years with orthognathic profile were sampled. Life-size lateral digital photographs of the face with fox plane were taken in natural head position. Different angles between Eye-Ear plane and occlusal plane (OT1-OP), Eye-Ear plane and ala-superior border of tragus (OT1-AT1), Eye-Ear plane and ala-middle border of tragus (OT1-AT2) and Eye-Ear plane and ala-inferior border of tragus (OT1-AT3) were calculated using computer software package, AutoCAD 2004. From the three angles formed by the Eye-ear plane (OT1 or FH plane) and the ala-tragal lines, the one closest to the angle formed between Eye-Ear plane (OT1) and occlusal plane (OP) was used to determine the occlusal plane of orientation. The obtained results were subjected to ANOVA F test, Tukey’ Honestly significant difference test, followed by Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation test. P values of less than 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. RESULTS. The mean of base line angle i.e. OT1-OP angle (11.96 ± 4.36) was found to be close to OT1-AT2 angle (13.67 ± 1.93) and OT1-AT3 angle (10.31 ± 2.03), but OT1-OP angle was found to be more closer to OT1-AT3 angle. Comparison of mean angles showed that OT1-OP angle in both males (11.68) and females (12.51) is close to OT1-AT3 angle (males- 11.01, females- 11.95). CONCLUSION. The line joining from ala to the lower border of the tragus was parallel to the occlusal plane in 53.3% of the subjects. There was no influence of the sex on the level of occlusal plane.

Recent advances and remaining challenges for polymeric nanocomposites in healthcare applications

Kumar, Sandeep,Sarita, Sandeep,Nehra, Monika,Dilbaghi, Neeraj,Tankeshwar, K.,Kim, Ki-Hyun Elsevier 2018 Progress in polymer science Vol.80 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Remarkable advancements in material technologies have accelerated the use of many new materials and their hybrids and composites in diverse applications. Among such available options, polymer nanocomposites are recognized to have the potential to bring future revolution, especially because of their flexible functionalities and related advantages (e.g., good strength, large surface area to volume ratio, large flame retardancy, high elastic modulus, enhanced density, and thermo-mechanical/optoelectronic/magnetic properties). These nanocomposites have been successfully incorporated into diverse fields of applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, gene therapy, food preservation, biosensing, and bioimaging. Thus, the primary focus of this review is placed to give an integrated overview of polymer nanocomposites along with their synthesis routes, surface treatment strategies, and applications in the healthcare sector (e.g., drug delivery, 3D bio-implant, bioimaging, food processing, and other miscellaneous biomedical applications). Our discussion also highlights future directions for this emerging field of research.</P>

Novel Approach for Deriving Test Scenarios and Test Cases from Events

Sandeep K Singh,Sangeeta Sabharwal,J P Gupta 한국정보처리학회 2012 Journal of information processing systems Vol.8 No.2

Sugarcane ratoon discrimination using LANDSAT NDVI temporal data

Sandeep Kumar Singla,Rahul Dev Garg,Om Prakash Dubey 대한공간정보학회 2018 Spatial Information Research Vol.26 No.4

Pre harvest prediction of sugarcane and sugar production is essential for obtaining the objectives of the national food security mission. Traditional field experimentation results are not reliable and are biased. Improvement in the accuracy and timeliness of crop yield estimation by blending of ancillary data and remotely sensed data in the temporal domain is indispensable. Ratoon sugarcane and planted sugarcane are the two prevalent agricultural practices in India. Ratoon sugarcane crop is suitable both from economic and production consideration. Identification of ratoon sugarcane and monitoring of its growth has been poorly studied. The objective of this study is to extract the information related to the ratoon sugarcane using remote sensing data. The present study proposed NDVIT, an index based on temporal values of NDVI data of Landsat 8 for monitoring and discrimination of ratoon sugarcane. This index has been found to provide 91% accuracy when tested on the ground in the Himalayan foothills region of Uttarakhand. Study indicated that the best period for discrimination of ratoon sugarcane crop is during the first week of April and last week of August to the end of September. This matches with the start of tillering stage and during the period of grand growth stage of the sugarcane.

GEODESIC SEMI E-PREINVEX FUNCTIONS ON RIEMANNIAN MANIFOLDS

SANDEEP KUMAR PORWAL 한국전산응용수학회 2018 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.36 No.5

Several classes of functions, named as semi E-preinvex func- tions and semilocal E-preinvex functions and their properties are studied by various authors. In this paper we introduce the geodesic concept over two types of problems rst is semi E-preinvex functions and another is semilocal E-preinvex functions on Riemannian manifolds and study some of their properties.

Development of InDel markers to identify Capsicum disease resistance using whole genome resequencing

Sandeep Karna,안율균 한국식물생명공학회 2018 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.45 No.3

In this study, two pepper varieties, PRH1 (powdery mildew resistance line) and Saengryeg (powdery mildew resistance line), were resequenced using next generation sequencing technology in order to develop InDel markers. The genome-wide discovery of InDel variation was performed by comparing the whole-genome resequencing data of two pepper varieties to the Capsicum annuum cv. CM334 reference genome. A total of 334,236 and 318,256 InDels were identified in PRH1 and Saengryeg, respectively. The greatest number of homozygous InDels were discovered on chromosome 1 in PRH1 (24,954) and on chromosome 10 (29,552) in Saengryeg. Among these homozygous InDels, 19,094 and 4,885 InDels were distributed in the genic regions of PRH1 and Saengryeg, respectively, and 198,570 and 183,468 InDels were distributed in the intergenic regions. We have identified 197,821 polymorphic InDels between PRH1 and Saengryeg. A total of 11,697 primers sets were generated, resulting in the discovery of four polymorphic InDel markers. These new markers will be utilized in order to identify disease resistance genotypes in breeding populations. Therefore, our results will make a one-step advancement in whole genome resequencing and add genetic resource datasets in pepper breeding research.

Spinal Fractures in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Patterns, Management, and Complications in the United States – Analysis of Latest Nationwide Inpatient Sample Data

Sandeep Kandregula,Harjus S. Birk,Amey Savardekar,William Chris Newman,Robbie Beyl,Krystle Trosclair,Bharat Guthikonda,Anthony Sin 대한척추신경외과학회 2021 Neurospine Vol.18 No.4

Objective: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rheumatic inflammatory disease marked by chronic inflammation of the axial skeleton. This condition, particularly when severe, can lead to increased risk of vertebral fractures attributed to decreased ability of the stiffened spinal column to sustain normal loads. However, little focus has been placed on understanding the locations of spinal fractures and associated complications and assessing the correlation between these. In this review, we aim to summarize the complications and treatment patterns in the United States in AS patients with spinal fractures, using the latest Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2016–2018). Methods: We analyzed the NIS data of years 2016–2018 to compare the fracture patterns and complications. Results: A total of 5,385 patients were included. The mean age was 71.63 years (standard deviation [SD], 13.21), with male predominance (83.8%). The most common population is Whites (77.4%), followed by Hispanics (7.9%). The most common fracture level was thoracic level (58.3%), followed by cervical level (38%). Multiple fracture levels were found in 13.3% of the patients. Spinal cord injury (SCI) was associated with 15.8% of the patients. The cervical level had a higher proportion of SCI (26.5%), followed by thoracic level (9.2%). The mean Elixhauser comorbidity score was 4.82 (SD, 2.17). A total of 2,365 patients (43.9%) underwent surgical treatment for the fractures. The overall complication rate was 40.8%. Respiratory complications, including pneumonia and respiratory insufficiency, were the predominant complications in the overall cohort. Based on the regression analysis, there was no significant difference (p=0.45) in the complication rates based on the levels. The presence of SCI increased the odds of having a complication by 2.164 times (95% confidence interval, 1.722–2.72; p≤0.001), and an increase in Elixhauser comorbidity score predicted the complication and in-hospital mortality rate (p≤0.001). Conclusion: AS patients with spinal fractures have higher postoperative complications than the general population. The most common fracture location was thoracic in our study, although it differs with few studies, with SCI occurring in 1/6th of the patients.

DriverAuth: Behavioral biometric-based driver authentication mechanism for on-demand ride and ridesharing infrastructure

Sandeep Gupta,Attaullah Buriro,Bruno Crispo 한국통신학회 2019 ICT Express Vol.5 No.1

On-demand ride services and the rideshare infrastructure primarily focus on the minimization of travel time and cost. However, the safety of riders is overlooked by service providers. For driver authentication, existing identity management methods typically check the driving license, which can be easily stolen, forged, or misused. Further, background checks are not performed at all; instead, social profiles and peer reviews are used to foster trust, thereby compromising the safety and security of riders. Moreover, the present mechanism seems ineffective in discontinuing a malicious driver from offering the services. In this paper, we present DriverAuth—a fully transparent and easy-to-use authentication scheme for drivers that is based on common behavioral biometric modalities, such as hand movements, swipes, and touch-strokes while the drivers interact with the dedicated smartphone-based application for accepting the booking. A preliminary study of behavioral biometric-based approaches offers a usable verification mechanism on smartphones that could be a potential solution to improve the safety of riders in the emerging on-demand ride and the rideshare infrastructure.

TO SOLVE MATRIX GAMES WITH FUZZY GOALS USING PIECEWISE LINEAR MEMBERSHIP FUNCTIONS

SANDEEP KUMAR 장전수학회 2018 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.21 No.4

In this paper, the solution concepts are presented for a two person zero-sum matrix game with fuzzy goals using piecewise linear membership functions. This paper shows that the solution of matrix game with fuzzy goals can be determined by solving two crisp linear programming problems which are dual to each other in fuzzy sense. The fuzziness in goals is characterized through piecewise linear membership functions. One numerical example is illustrated to show the eectiveness and advantage of the proposed technique.